Paraqianlabeo lineatus, Zhao, Hai-Tao, Sullivan, John P., Zhang, Yao-Guang & Peng, Zuo-Gang, 2014

Zhao, Hai-Tao, Sullivan, John P., Zhang, Yao-Guang & Peng, Zuo-Gang, 2014, Paraqianlabeo lineatus, a new genus and species of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from South China, Zootaxa 3841 (2), pp. 257-270 : 261-262

Paraqianlabeo lineatus , new species

( Fig. 2 ; Table 2 )

Holotype. SWU 20130710005, 65.1mm SL, a tributary flowing into Furong-Jiang of Wu-Jiang (Yangtze River) drainage at Wangcao, Suiyang County, Guizhou, South China, (28°13' N 107°13' E); coll. H.T. Zhao, July 2013.

Paratypes (21). CUMV 98006 (4), SWU 20130710006–22 (17), 62.8–80.8 mm SL, same data as holotype.

Diagnosis. A species of Paraqianlabeo with longitudinal dark stripe along side of body ( Fig. 3 ); for additional features see the generic diagnosis.

Description. Whole body and morphology of oromandibular structures are illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4 , respectively. Morphometric data for 22 type specimens are given in Table 2 . A small-sized fish attaining length of up to 81 mm, body elongate and compressed, greatest depth at dorsal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle slender with smallest depth close to base of caudal fin. Dorsal profile of body gradually ascending from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; from there to origin of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays profile slightly concave. Ventral profile from tip of snout to pectoral-fin insertion nearly straight; convex from there to anal-fin origin. Anal-fin base straight; slightly concave from posterior end of anal-fin base to origin of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays. In size and shape of head, body and fins, it is most similar to another diminutive labeoninae Qianlabeo striatus Zhang & Chen, 2004 , endemic to the Beipan-Jiang tributary ( Fig. 4 ).

Head moderately large, longer than wide; interorbital space slightly concave. Eye medium-sized, dorsolaterally placed in anterior half of head. Snout blunt in lateral view and pointed in dorsal view, with shallow sublachrymal groove extending obliquely to corner of mouth; no tubercles on tip. Two pairs of barbels; rostral pair at anterior end of sublachrymal groove and well-developed maxillary pair at corner of mouth, longer than eye diameter but seven-tenths as long as rostral pair. Three rows of pharyngeal teeth, tooth pattern 5,4,2–2,4,5, with compressed and pointed distal tips ( Fig. 5 a). Air bladder bipartite, anterior chamber oval, wider than posterior one; posterior chamber stick-like or elongate with an enlarged, pointed distal end, about twice as long as anterior chamber ( Fig. 5 b). Gill rakers on outer side of first gill arch 14–16, short and small. Mouth inferior and arched.

Peritoneum black.

Body scales moderate in sized; ventral scales between pectoral fins and pelvic fins half-hidden and subcutaneous. Lateral line complete, horizontal, 39–42 scales; 5 scale rows above lateral line and 3 below. Predorsal midline scales very much smaller than ones on flank, irregularly arranged and embedded under skin anteriorly, difficult to count. Circumpeduncular scale rows 15–17. Axillary scale present at pelvic-fin base. Two scales between vent and anal-fin origin.

Dorsal-fin with 3 unbranched and 7½–8 branched rays, origin slightly nearer to tip of snout than to caudal-fin base; last simple ray soft, equal to or somewhat longer than HL and last branched ray split; distal margin slightly concave. Dorsal-fin origin roughly at midpoint of body, while pelvic-fin origin slightly posterior. Pectoral fin falcate, no longer than HL, extending slightly beyond midway to pelvic-fin insertion and as far as sixth or seventh scale anterior to pelvic fin insertion; with one unbranched and 13 or 14 branched rays. Pelvic fin with one unbranched and 8 or 9 branched rays, inserted vertically posterior to second branched dorsal-fin ray base, and extending to vent, but not to anal-fin origin. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5 branched rays, last one split to base; distal margin slightly concave; origin equidistant between pelvic-fin insertion and caudal-fin base. Caudal deeply forked; upper and lower lobes equal in length and similarly shaped, with tapering, rounded tips.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Oromanibular structures of Paraqianlabeo lineatus, SWU 20130710005, holotype, 65.1 mm SL. lj = lower jaw; lll = lateral lobe of lower lip; mb = maxillary barbel; mg = mental groove; ml l = median lobe of lower lip; pg = postlabial groove; rb = rostral barbel; rc = rostral cap; uj = upper jaw; ul = upper lip.

FIGURE 3. Ventral view of oromandibular structures in: (a) Qianlabeo striatus, SWU 20130917005, 68.1 mm SL, Beipan- Jiang of Pearl River drainage at An’shun County, Guizhou Province; (b) Sinocrossocheilus labiatus, SWU 20121120001, 60.1 mm SL, Chishui-He River of Yangtze River basin at Bijie City, Guizhou Province; (c) Akrokolioplax bicornis, SWU 20071115020, 102 mm SL, Nujiang River drainage at Baoshan City, Yunnan Province; (d) Crossocheilus burmanicus SWU 201305110001, 79.4 mm SL, Binlang-Jiang of Irrawaddy River drainage at Tengchong County, Yunnan Province; (e) Sinocrossocheilus bamaensis, SWU 20131124001, 103.5 mm SL, Hongshui-He of Pearl River drainage at Wangmo County, Guizhou Province; (f) Rectoris posehensis, SWU 20051114006, 107.4 mm SL, Yangtze River drainage at Kaixian County, Chongqing.

FIGURE 4. Lateral view of (a) Paraqianlabeo lineatus, SWU 20130710007, paratype, 65.1 mm SL and (b) Qianlabeo striatus, SWU 20130917005, 68.1 mm SL, Beipan-Jiang drainage at An’shun County, Guizhou Province.

FIGURE 5. (a) Left side pharyngeal tooth plate in dorsomedial view, and (b) gas bladder in ventral view of Paraqianlabeo lineatus.