Arctodium mahdii Hawkins, 2006

Hawkins, Shauna Joy, 2006, A revision of the Chilean tribe Lichniini Burmeister, 1844 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), Zootaxa 1266 (1), pp. 1-63 : 37-46

Arctodium mahdii Hawkins , new species

( Figs. 4c , 8b , 12 )

Type specimens

Male holotype, female allotype, and 271 paratypes (268 male, 3 female) in 18 institutions. Holotype male at FMNH labeled: a) “Prov. LINARES/ Cord. Parral/ Fdo. Malcho” (typeset), b) “ Dic. 1956 / Coll M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc. # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982128/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ HOLOTYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (red label, typeset). Allotype female at FMNH labeled: a) “TREGUALEMU/ N. Costa Nuble / 6, 9 Dic­1953 / Coll: L.E. Pena ” (typeset), b) “ Arctodium / villosum (Bl.) / Det. A. Martinez 1971” (handwritten and typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982239/ ♀ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♀ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ ALLOTYPE ♀ / S.J. Hawkins (red label, typeset). One female paratype at CASC labeled: a) “ CHILE: 20 km./ E. of Temuco/ Cautin, I­8­51” (typeset), b) leg. Ross &/ Michelbacher” (typeset) c) Lichnia / spec/ det. G. Frey, 1967/68/ (ohme Fühler) (typeset and handwritten in blue ink), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982240/ ♀ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♀ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ PARATYPE ♀ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Two paratype males (one at CASC, one at JMEC) labeled: a) “Chile, Malleco Prov./ Nahuelbuta Nat’l Pk./ 35 km.W Angol, II­12­/ 1967 E.I. Schlinger / 1220m,” b) “Collection of the/ California Academy/ of Science, San/ Francisco, Calif.” (typeset), c) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982207, #SH75982212/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Six male paratypes (two at CNCI, three at CMNC, one at ABTS) labeled: a) “FUNDO MALCHO/ CORD. PARRAL” (typeset), b) Chile XII. 56/ Luis Pena, Coll.” (typeset), c) “University/ of/ Missouri” (typeset, image of map of Missouri with letters M U), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982232­#SH75982233 ( CNCI), # SH75982234 ( ABTS), # SH75982235 ­#SH75982237 ( CMNC)/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at CMNC labeled: a) Prov. NUBLE/ Fdo. Malcho/ Cord. Parral/ Dic. 1956 / Leg: M. Rivera ” (typeset), b) Arctodium / sp./ Det. A. Martinez 1971” (typeset and handwritten), c) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982201 / ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Two male paratypes at CMNC and one at ABTS labeled: a) “Prov. LINARES/ Cord. Parral/ Fdo. Malcho” (typeset), b) “ Dic. 1957 / Coll. M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982202 ( ABTS), # SH75982203 ­#SH75982204 ( CMNC)/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at HAHC labeled: a) “CARAMAVIDA/ Nahuelbuta (W)/ (Arauco)” (typeset), b) “1200, 1400 mt’/ 1,6­ Enero­ 1954 / Coll. L.E. Pena ” (typeset), c) “H & A HOWDEN/ COLLECTION/ ex. A. Martinez coll.” (typeset), d) “ Arctodium / villosum (Bl.) / Det. A. Martinez 1971” (typeset and handwritten), “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982205/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Eight male paratypes at FMNH labeled: a) “Prov. NUBLE/ 10 km. E. Coihueco / 27 Dic. 1967 / Coll. L.E. Pena ” (typeset), b) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), c) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75981973, #SH75981974, #SH759822041, #SH75982062, #SH75982071, #SH75982072, #SH75982075, #SH75982080/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled: a) “Peillem­Pelle/ 600, 800 m / Nahuelbuta W” (typeset), b) “(Arauco)/ 14,29 Enero­54/ Coll: L.E. Pena ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982070/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled: a) “CARAMAVIDA/ Nahuelbuta (W)/ (Arauco)” (typeset), b) “(Arauco) 750 m / 25, 31 Dic­53/ Coll. L.E. Pena ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982063, / ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled: a) “CARAMAVIDA/ Nahuelbuta (W)” (typeset), b) “(Arauco) 750 m / 25, 31 Dic­53/ Coll. L.E. Pena ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “ Arctodium / sp./ Det. A. Martinez 1971” (handwritten and typeset), “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982064, / ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled: a) “CARAMAVIDA/ Nahuelbuta (W)” (typeset), b) “(Arauco) 750 m / 25, 31 Dic­53/ Coll. L.E. Pena ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “ Arctodium / villosum (Bl.) / Det. A. Martinez 1971” (handwritten and typeset), “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982065, / ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Four male paratypes at FMNH labeled: a) “CARAMAVIDA/ Nahuelbuta (W)/ (Arauco)” (typeset), b) “1200,1400 mt/ 1/ 6 Enero­1954 / Coll: L.E. Pena ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982066­#SH75982069, / ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Four male paratypes at FMNH labeled: a) “Prov. LINARES/ Cord. Parral/ Fdo. Malcho” (typeset), b) “ Dic. 1956 / Coll. M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) “ Arctodium / sp./ Det. A. Martinez 1971” (handwritten and typeset), d) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), e) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75981978, #SH75982082, #SH75982194, #SH75982197 / ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), f) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled: a) “Prov. LINARES/ Cord. Parral/ Fdo. Malcho” (typeset), b) “ Dic. 1957 / Coll. M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) “ Arctodium / sp./ Det. A. Martinez 1971” (handwritten and typeset), d) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), e) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982042 / ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), f) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Five male paratypes at FMNH labeled: a) “FUNDO MALCHO/ Pre­Cord. Parral/ Octubre, 1956/ Leg. M. Rivera ” (typeset), b) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), c) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75981979, #SH75982043, #SH75982044, #SH75982079, #SH75982081 / ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), d) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled: a) “FUNDO MALCHO/ Pre­Cord. Parral/ Octubre, 1956/ Leg. M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982077 / ♂ Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e)“ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Four male paratypes at FMNH labeled: a) “FUNDO MALCHO/ Pre­Cord. Parral/ Diciembre, 1956/ Leg. M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982058, #SH75982059, #SH75982076, #SH75982078/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Two male paratypes at FMNH labeled: a) “FUNDO MALCHO/ Pre­Cord. Parral/ Enero, 1957/ Leg. M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982073, #SH75982074/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled: a) “FUNDO MALCHO/ Pre­Cord. Parral/ Abril­1957 / Coll. L.E. Pena ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled: a) “Las Trancas/ Chillan Chile/ I–III 1984 / Coll. S. Ocar ” (typeset), b) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), c) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982061/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Nine male paratypes at FMNH labeled: a) “Prov. NUBLE/ Fdo. Malcho/ Cord. Parral” (typeset), b) “ Dic 1956 / Leg. M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75981975, #SH75982170, #SH75982171, #SH75982172, #SH75982174, #SH75982175, #SH75982179, #SH75982181, #SH75982182/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Nineteen male paratypes at FMNH labeled: a) “Prov. LINARES/ Cord. Parral/ Fdo. Malcho” (typeset), b) “ Dic. 1957 / Coll. M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) “ FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. / Acc # 17­422” (typeset), e) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75981954, #SH75981976, #SH75981989, #SH75981991, #SH75982054, #SH75982055, #SH75982096, #SH75982097, #SH75982099, #SH75982108, #SH75982109, #SH75982110, #SH75982111, #SH75982114, #SH75982127, #SH75982136, #SH75982144, #SH75982145, #SH75982196/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One hundred forty­five male paratypes (2 at TAMU, 3 at UCCC, 3 at FSCA, 5 at UNSM, 3 at AMNH, 3 at BMNH, 3 at MNHN, 3 at ZMHB, 17 at MNNC, 22 at USNM, 80 at FMNH) labeled: a) “Prov. LINARES/ Cord. Parral/ Fdo. Malcho” (typeset), b) “ Dic. 1956 / Coll. M. Rivera ” (typeset), c) FMNH, 1986/ L. Peña Coll. Acc # 17­422” (typeset), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75981950–#SH75981953, #SH75981955–#SH75981972, #SH75981977, #SH75981980–#SH75981988, #SH75981990, #SH75981992– #SH75982000, #SH75982045–#SH75982053, #SH75982056, #SH75982057, #SH75982060, #SH75982083–#SH75982095, #SH75982098, #SH75982100–#SH75982107, #SH75982112, #SH75982113, #SH75982115–#SH75982126, #SH75982129–#SH75982135, #SH75982137–#SH75982143, #SH75982146–#SH75982169, #SH75982173, #SH75982176–#SH75982178, #SH75982180, #SH75982183–#SH75982193, #SH75982195/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Two male paratypes at JMEC labeled: a) “ Chile ÑUBLE/ Atacalco/ 4­XII­2003 / leg. J. Mondaca E” (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982214, #SH75982215/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins ” (yellow label, typeset). Two male paratypes at JMEC labeled: a) “ CHILE MALLECO/ P.N. Nahuelbuta / Coimalin/ 19­I­2003 / leg. E. Benavides ” (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982211, #SH75982213/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins ” (yellow label). One male paratype at JMEC labeled: a) “ CHILE MALLECO/ P.N. Nahuelbuta / Coimalin/ 15­I­2004 / leg. E. Benavides ” (typeset), b) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label). One female paratype at JEBC labeled: a) “ CHILE, prov./ Melleco, Nahuelbuta/ ene 2001 / leg. J.E. Barriga ” (typeset), b) “Collecion/ J.E. BARRIGA/ CHILE 128879” (typeset), c) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982241/ ♀ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♀ hand­drawn), d) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♀ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label). One female paratype at USNM labeled: a) “Chile/ Temuco” (typeset), b) “Dec 10, ‘50/ J. Hope ” (typeset), c) “14 =/ Temuco/ Fdo Trianow/ 10­XII­50/ Coll. Hope ” (handwritten), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982238/ ♀ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♀ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♀ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label). Three male paratypes at VMDC labeled a) “Nahuelbuta/ Parque/ Cabreria/ 10.I.1978 / P. Cerda B” (handwritten), b) “COLL CERDA/ MNHN CHILE ” (typeset), “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982198, #SH75982199, #SH75982206/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label). One male paratype at VMDC labeled: a) Nuble/ Chillan/ P. Marchant / 24.1.1989 / E. M. Roitman ” (typeset), b) “COLL CERDA/ MNHN CHILE ” (typeset), “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982200/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label). Three male paratypes at MNNC labeled: a) “Chile Cautin/ Coñaripe/ 22.12.1979 / Coll. D. Jackson / (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982208­#SH75982210/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label). Four male paratypes at UMRM labeled: a) “Caramavida Chile:/ Caramavida/ 1/ 6 Jan. 1954 ” (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982216­#SH75982219/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). One male paratype at UMRM labeled: a) “Chile: Alto Nahuelbuta/ 16 Jan. 1954 / 1000–1400M:” (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982220/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label). Four male paratypes at UMRM labeled: a) “Pillim Pili/ 5 Jan. 1954 / 600–800M” (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982221–#SH75982224/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Three male paratypes at UMRM labeled: a) “Alto Caicupil/ 7 Jan. 1954 / 1200–1300M” (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982225–#SH75982227/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Four male paratypes at UMRM labeled: a) “Caramavida/ Chile ” (handwritten), b) “XII.25.53/ Luis Pena” (handwritten), c) “University/ of/ Missouri” (typeset, image of map of Missouri with letters U M), d) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #SH75982228–#SH75982231/ ♂ / Arctodium mahdii Hawkins / DET: S.J. Hawkins 2005” (typeset, ♂ hand­drawn), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins / PARATYPE ♂ / S.J. Hawkins (yellow label, typeset). Fifteen male paratypes at JMEC labeled: a) “ CHILE CAUTIN PROV./ PUCÓN/ 26­XII­2005 / leg. C. Fortino ” (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #AS2603113­ AS 2603127/ Arctodium mahdii Hawkins ♂ / DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2006” (typeset), e) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ PARATYPE ♂ ” (yellow label, typeset). Four male paratypes at MNNC labeled: a) “ CHILE: VIII Región (BIOBÍO / Chillán Los Lleuques/ 15 January 2005 / G Moreno” (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #AS2603109­ AS 2603112/ Arctodium mahdii Hawkins ♂ / DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2006” (typeset), c) “ Arctodium mahdii / Hawkins/ PARATYPE ♂ ” (yellow label, typeset) .

Discription

Holotype. Male. Length 6.5 mm, width 3.9 mm. Color: All body parts reddish black. Head: Surface punctate; punctures small, dense, setose; setae long, moderately dense, black. Labrum with surface punctate; punctures small, dense, setose; setae short, half as long as clypeal setae, dense, black. Mandibular external surface with moderately long, dense, black setae. Maxillary palpi with short, black apical setae on all segments except last. Labial margins with moderately long, dense, black setae. Labial palpi with short, black, setae at apex of all segments except last. Eye canthus setose; setae long, dense, black. Antenna with pedicel setose, elongate, segment 2 globular, 3–6 subequal in length, 7–9 lamellate; club slightly longer than segments 2–6 ( Fig. 4c ). Pronotum: Surface punctate; punctures small, moderately dense, with long, dense, black setae. Lateral margins setose; setae long, dense, black. Posterior margin setose; setae moderately long, dense, grayish black. Scutellum: Surface setose; setae moderately long, moderately dense, gray. Elytron: Form moderately wide, less than half as wide as long. Surface slightly convex, punctate; punctures small, moderately dense medially, dense laterally, setose; setae short medially, moderately long laterally, black. Propygidium: Surface exposed, covered with moderately long, dense, grey setae; setae overlaying basal 1/5 of pygidium), apices of setae forming straight row. Pygidium: Surface slightly concave apically, setose; setae long, moderately dense, black. Venter: Thorax, mes­ and metepisternum punctate; punctures small, sparse, with moderately long, gray setae. Abdominal segments sparsely setose; setae long, gray. Legs: Surface setose; setae long, dense, gray. Protibia slender, with 3 outer teeth and 1 inner tooth ( Fig. 3a ). Protibial spur 1.5 times length of first tarsal segment. Metafemur slightly expanded. Metatibial apex with 2 spurs, 1 spine; spine between 2 spurs, spine shorter than spurs, narrow, attenuate at apex ( Fig. 8b ). Parameres: Fig. 9c .

Allotype. Female. Length 6.5 mm, width 4.2 mm. As holotype except in the following respects. Color: Elytra brownish orange, legs reddish brown, setae on head, clypeus, elytra, pygidium, venter, abdomen, and legs golden yellow. Head: Antennal club short, slightly shorter than or subequal to segments 3–6 ( Fig. 4b ). Legs: Protibia expanded ( Fig. 3b ). Metatibial apex with 1 spine; spine short, shorter than adjacent spurs, not narrow, broadly attenuate at apex ( Fig. 8d ).

Variation. Male: length 5.0– 6.5 mm, width 3.4–4.2 mm. Female: length 5.2–6.5, width 3.3–4.5. Paratypes differ from the holotype and allotype in the following respects. Color: Elytra variable: brownish orange, reddish black, or black. Setae on head, clypeus, elytra, pygidium, venter, abdomen, and legs moderately long to long, color variable: black, dark brown, gray, or golden yellow.

Etymology

Arctodium mahdii is named after my husband Mahdi, for his support and encouragement of my work on scarab beetles.

Diagnosis

Arctodium mahdii is easily distinguished from all other species of Arctodium because of its smaller size; it is the only species that is less than 6.5 mm long. It is also the only species of Arctodium in which the spine on the metatibial apex is shorter than the adjacent spurs ( Fig. 8b ). In all other species of Arctodium , the spine on the metatibial apex is longer than the adjacent spur ( Fig. 8a, c ). The male antennal club is longer in proportion to its body size ( Fig. 4c ) than all other species of Arctodium ( Fig. 4b ), but it is not as long as the antennal club of males of Lichnia limbata ( Fig. 4a ). Because of its small size, A. mahdii may superficially resemble species of Lichnia if generic characters are not checked with a microscope. Arctodium mahdii can be easily distinguished from either species of Lichnia by examining the apex of the mandibles which are rounded and without teeth in Lichnia ( Fig. 6a ) versus bidentate ( Fig. 6b ) in A. mahdii .

Remarks

While elytral and setal color are variable (see description) in A. mahdii , the elytra of males are more often reddish­black to black, and setae on all parts of the body are usually dark brown, black, or gray. The elytra of females are more often brownish orange, and the setae on all parts of the body are most often golden yellow with some black setae on the apex of the head, mouthparts, and eye canthus. However, the full variation of color as stated in the species description can occasionally be seen in both sexes.

Arctodium mahdii has characters that show affinities with species of both Lichnia and Arctodium . Arctodium mahdii and species of Lichnia are similar in size. The male antennal club of A. mahdii is sexually dimorphic as in L. limbata ( Figs. 4a–b ), and the female protibia are expanded while the male protibia are slender as in both species of Lichnia ( Figs. 3a–b ). Also, the spine on the tibial apex of males of A. mahdii ( Fig. 8b ) is smaller than in males of other species of Arctodium ( Figs. 8a, c ), but it is more strongly modified into a spine than in males of Lichnia . Arctodium mahdii may have an evolutionary relationship intermediate to the two genera. Because in A. mahdii the galea is only slightly elongate ( Figs. 5a , 7a ) and the apex of the mandibles are bidentate ( Fig. 6a ), I place this species in the genus Arctodium . Furthermore, despite the many morphological differences between A. mahdii and the other species of Arctodium , I have not designated it as a new genus because of the genitalia, which are remarkably similar to all other species of Arctodium ( Fig. 9c ) and different from Lichnia ( Figs. 9a–b ).

Many collections have specimens of A. mahdii labeled as C. villosa (= A. vulpinum ), but Blanchard’s type specimen of C. villosa does not exhibit any of the apomorphic characters of A. mahdii .

For unknown reasons, females are rare in collections. Of the 272 specimens examined, only four were female.

Distribution

Central Chile Region VII (Maule) to Region IX (La Araucania) ( Fig. 12 ), especially abundant at Fundo Malcho, which used to be forested at the time when the specimens examined were collected. However, this area is now almost entirely deforested and has been developed into pine plantations ( Paulsen 2005) .

Locality data

274 specimens were examined from AMNH, BMNH, CASC, CMNC, CNCI, FSCA, FMNH, JEBC, JMEC, MNHN, MNNC, TAMU, UCCC, UMRM, UNSM, USNM, VMDC, ZMHB .

CHILE. REGION VII (MAULE) (201): Fundo Malcho (201). REGION VIII (BIOBÍO) (45): Alto Caicupil (3), Alto de Nahuelbuta (1), Atacalco (2), Cabreria (3), Caramavida (16), Chillan (2), Coihueco (8), Coimallin (2), Nahuelbuta (1), Peillén Pille (1), Pilim Pili (4), Temuco (1), Tregualemu (1). REGION IX (LA ARAUCANIA) (28): Angol (1), Cautin (3), Coñaripe (3), Los Lleuques (4), Nahuelbuta (1), Pucón (15), Temuco (1).

Temporal data January (29), February (2), October (64), December (171).

Figures

FIGURES 3a–b. Dorsal view of foreleg of Lichnia limbata showing sexual dimorphism in male (a) and female (b).

FIGURES 4a–c. Dorsal view of antenna showing length of club. a) Lichnia limbata male; b) L. limbata female; c) Arctodium mahdii male.

FIGURES 5a–b. Dorsal view of maxilla showing length of galea. a) Arctodium discolor; b) Lichnia limbata.

FIGURES 6a–b. Dorsal view of labrum and mandibles showing form of the mandibles (a) dentate, Arctodium vulpinum or (b) rounded, Lichnia limbata.

FIGURES 7a–b. Lateral view of beetles showing length of galea. a) Arctodium vulpinum; b) Lichnia limbata.

FIGURES 8a–d. Metatibial apex showing apical spine (arrow) and adjacent spur. a) Arctodium planum male; b) A. mahdii male; c) A. vulpinum male; d) A. vulpinum female.

FIGURES 9a–c. Caudal (i) and lateral (ii) views of parameres. a) Lichnia gallardoi; b) L. limbata; c) Arctodium discolor.

FIGURE 12. Map of central Chile showing distribution of Arctodium vulpinum and A. mahdii.