Culicoides (Monoculicoides)

Shults, Phillip & Borkent, Art, 2018, Pupae of the Nearctic species of Culicoides Latreille subgenus Monoculicoides Khalaf (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Zootaxa 4504 (4), pp. 451-472 : 469

Key to Pupae of Culicoides (Monoculicoides) of North America

1 Dorsal apotome without dorsomedial tubercle ( Figs. 3 A–D, 4A–B), with dark banding on apex of pedicel and base of respiratory organ ( Fig. 1 ), respiratory organ elongate, slender with black apex, midlength with scales, 2–5 subbasal pores ( Figs. 2 A– B), shagreen restricted to the anterior, posterior, and lateral margins of the abdominal segments 3–7 or absent ( Figs. 6 & 7 ), terminal process extending posterolaterally to laterally, with dark apex ( Figs. 8 A–B)................ C. ( Monoculicoides ) (2)

- Specimens without above combination of features....................................... other species of Culicoides

2 Dorsal apotome bare of spicules ( Fig. 4B )........................................................ C. grandensis

- Dorsal apotome covered in spicules ( Figs. 3 A–D)............................................................ 3

3 D–5–T longer than half the length of either D–1–T or D–2–T ( Fig. 5A )............................... C. shemanchuki

- D–5–T less than half the length of either D–1–T or D–2–T ( Fig. 5B )............................................. 4

4 Dorsal apotome with spicules of uniform size ( Fig. 4A )...................................................... 5

- Dorsal apotome with spicules of varying size, with the longest spicules on the lateral margins ( Figs. 3 B–D).............. 6

5 Less than 3/4 of dorsal apotome covered in spicules ( Fig. 3A ); 3–4 subbasal pores on respiratory organ ( Fig. 2B ); CL–3–H present ( Fig. 4C )........................................................................... C. occidentalis

- Almost all of the dorsal apotome covered in spicules ( Fig. 4A ); 1–2 subbasal pores; CL–3–H absent............. C. stigma

6 Lateral shagreen of segment 8 of the abdomen abundant ( Fig. 6B ); anterior 1/3 margin of abdominal segment 9 markedly swollen ( Fig. 8A ); CL–3–H present (as in Fig. 4C )......................................................... C. riethi

- Segment 8 of the abdomen with little to no lateral shagreen ( Fig. 7 ); anterior margin of abdominal segment 9 at most slightly swollen ( Fig. 8B ); CL–3–H absent........................................................................ 7

7 L–2, L–3, and L–4 of abdominal segments 4–7 each on a long bifid tubercle with elongate and slender apices, with lateral shagreen on segments 4–7 ( Fig. 7A )............................................................... C. sonorensis

- L–2, L–3, and L–4 of abdominal segments 4–7 each on a short bifid tubercle with short and blunt apices, without lateral shagreen on segments 4–7 ( Fig. 7B )............................................................... C. variipennis

Figures

FIGURE 1. Habitus of the pupae of Culicoides occidentalis (left) and C. riethi (right) in dorsal view.

FIGURE 2. Respiratory organs, in lateral view. (A) Culicoides shemanchuki. (B) C. occidentalis.

FIGURE 3. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi. (C) C. sonorensis. (D) C. variipennis.

FIGURE 4. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides stigma. (B) C. grandensis. (C) Female mouthparts, in anterior view of C. occidentalis.

FIGURE 5. Thoracic dorsal setae, left side, dorsal view. (A) Culicoides shemanchuki. (B). C. occidentalis.

FIGURE 6. Male, lateral and ventral tubercles of abdominal segments 4, in dorsal view (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi.

FIGURE 7. Male, lateral and dorsal tubercles of abdominal segments 4, in dorsal view (A) Culicoides sonorensis. (B) C. variipennis.

FIGURE 8. Female abdominal segments 8–9, in dorsal view. (A) Culicoides riethi. (B) C. occidentalis.