Phalangodus, Gervais, 1842

Villarreal, Osvaldo & García, Andrés F., 2016, Unveiling the diversity of Phalangodus Gervais, 1842 (Opiliones: Cranaidae): descriptions of four new species from Colombia, European Journal of Taxonomy 242, pp. 1-41 : 4-5

Keys to males of Phalangodus

1. Very low ocularium ( Fig. 13 b–c); femur IV of the males without any conspicuous spines ( Fig. 14d ); femora of the pedipalps in alpha males much more swollen than beta males ( Fig. 14c, g ); penis stylus curved ( Fig. 15c, e ) ……………………………………… Phalangodus kuryi sp. nov.

– High ocularium, femur IV of the males sometimes with conspicuous spines ( Figs 5c , 9f, h ); femora of the pedipalps in males monomorphic (normally swollen) ( Figs 9b , 11b ); penis stylus straight ( Figs 10e , 11a, d ) ……………………………………………………………………………………2

2. Femur IV with a distal pair of opposed spines ( Figs 5c , 9h )………………………………………3

– Femur IV without distal spines ( Fig. 11d ), or with a retrolateral distal slightly curved spine (see, e.g., Hara et al. 2014: figs 4–5)………………………………………………………………………4

3. Proximal portion of femur II with large ventral tubercles arranged in two short rows ( Fig. 9d, e ); tibia IV with a retrolateral row of spines ( Fig. 9g ); two pairs of MS A–B ( Fig. 10a, b ); base of the pedipalpal claw not swollen ………………………………… Phalangodus cottus sp. nov.

– Proximal portion of femur II with a single median, curved tubercle ( Fig. 5e, f ); tibia IV without a retrolateral row of spines ( Fig. 5d ); 7 pairs of MS A/B ( Fig 6 b–c); base of the pedipalpal claw swollen and dark ………………………………………………… Phalangodus briareos sp. nov.

4. Femur IV without distal spine ( Fig. 11e ); tibia with a proximal group of conical, irregularly sized tubercles in the prolateral side ( Fig. 11d )………………………………… Phalangodus gyes sp. nov.

– Femur IV with a retrolateral distal curved spine (see Kury 1996: fig. 1); tibia with sparsely distributed tubercles of similar size on the prolateral side …………………………………………5

5. Lateral border of DS and scutal area I smooth, ocularium low, ellipsoidal ( Fig. 1 a–d); femur IV sinuous (see Kury 1996: fig. 1); pedipalpal femur with a dorsal row of tubercles …………………… …………………………………………………………… Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842

– Lateral border of DS and scutal area I densely granulate (see, e.g., Hara et al. 2014: figs 2–3); ocularium high, rounded, femur IV straight; pedipalpal femur with sparsely distributed tubercles …………………………………………………………… Phalangodus palpiconus ( Roewer, 1943)

Figures

Fig. 13. Phalangodus kuryi sp. nov. a-b. Holotype, ♂ (ICN-AO-1436). a. Habitus, dorsal view. b. Habitus, lateral view. c. Paratype, ♀ (ICN-AO-1436.1), habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Fig. 14. Phalangodus kuryi sp. nov. a–d. Holotype, ♂ (ICN-AO-1436). e–f. Paratype, ♀ (ICN- AO-1436.1). g. Paratype, ♂ (ICN-AO-1436.1). a. Habitus, dorsal view. b. Dorsal scutum, lateral view. c. Pedipalpal femur, ectal view. d. Right leg IV: femur, patela and tibia, dorsal view. e. Dorsal scutum, lateral view. f. Pedipalpal femur, ectal view. g. Pedipalpal femur, ectal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 15. Phalangodus kuryi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ICN-AO-1436). Penis, distal portion. a. Dorsodistal view. b. Ventral view. c. Detail of MS, lateral view. d. Stylar caps, ventral view. e. Lateral view. Abbreviations: MS = macrosetae.

Fig. 5. Phalangodus briareos sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MNRJ 2382). a. Habitus, dorsal view. b. Left pedipalpal femur, ectal view. c. Right femur IV, dorsal view. d. Right patella and tibia IV, dorsal view. e–f. Right femur II, proximal portion. e. Retrolateral view. f. Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 9. Phalangodus cottus sp. nov. a–b, d–h. Holotype, ♂ (MNRJ 8654). c. Paratype, ♀ (MNRJ 17942). a. Habitus, dorsal view. b. Left pedipalp trochanter and femur, ectal view. c. left pedipalpal femur, mesal view. d–e. Right femur II, proximal portion. d. Retrolateral view. e. Ventral view. f–h. Right leg IV. f. Femur, patella and tibia, prolateral view. g. Patella and tibia, dorsal view. h. Femur, dorsal view. Scale bars: a = 5 mm; b–h = 1 mm.

Fig. 11. Phalangodus gyes sp. nov. a–b, d–e. Holotype, ♂ (MNRJ 8655). c. Paratype, ♀ (MNRJ 17907). a. Habitus, dorsal view. b. Left pedipalp femur, ectal view. c. Left pedipalp, femur, ectal view. d–e. Right leg IV. d. Patella and tibia, dorsal view. e. Femur, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Phalangodus cottus sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (MNRJ 17942), penis distal portion. a. Lateral view. b. Dorsal view. c. Ventral view. d. Stylar caps, ventrodistal view. e. Distal portion of the ventral plate and stylus, dorsolateral view.

Fig. 6. Phalangodus briareos sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MNRJ 2382), penis distal portion. a. Ventral view. b. Lateral view. c. Dorsal view. d. Stylar caps, dorsal view. e. Stylus, lateral view.

Fig. 1. Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842, ♂ (ICN-AO-1000). a. Habitus, dorsal view. b. Habitus, lateral view, ♀ (CAS 0019). c. Habitus, dorsal view. d. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = 5 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.