Onthophagus holosericus Harold, 1877

Krikken, J. & Huijbregts, J., 2017, Sulawesi Onthophagus: seven new species in select groups (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Zootaxa 4238 (3), pp. 301-334 : 320-321

Onthophagus holosericus Harold, 1877

( Figs. 5 , 20–22 , 46 )

Material examined. Lectotype male, here designated ( MSNG), from Indonesia, labelled: " Celebes \ Kandari. VII.74 \ O.Beccari ", " Typus "(red print), " Onth. \ holosericus \ Har. typo!".

The 28 specimens examined are as follows:

CENTRAL SULAWESI: BANGGAI DISTRICT

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 170 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw18b, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 1 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 120 m, 30.x–4.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw16a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 2 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 120 m, 30.x–4.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw17a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

CENTRAL SULAWESI: LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK

- Marena Shelter, 600 m, 14–17.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw65a, second-growth forest, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

- Marena Shelter, 600 m, 14–17.xii,1985, J. Krikken, pw65b, second-growth forest, 2 human excrement traps, 3 in RMNH

- Marena forest (hill crest), 650 m, 14–17.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw63a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 4 in RMNH

- Marena forest (hill crest), 650 m, 14–17.xii. 1985, J. Krikken, pw63b, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 2 in RMNH

- Marena forest (near river), 600 m, 14–17.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw64a, multistratal evergreen forest, 6 human excrement traps, 5 in RMNH

- Marena forest (nr river), 600 m, 14–17.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw64b, multistratal evergreen forest, 6 fish traps, 5 in RMNH

SOUTHEAST SULAWESI: KENDARI DISTRICT

- Kendari, vii.1874, O. Beccari, lectotype, in MSNG

- Kendari, 40 km W of Kendari, 12.viii.1980, P.R. Deeleman, 1 in RMNH

- Mekara, 7 km S of Lambuya, 70 m, 15–18.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw34a, Pinus -Acacia forest plantation, 2 human excrement traps, 2 in RMNH

Description. Body length 6.6–9.8 mm. Head and pronotum usually metallic green or cupreous; elytra patterned yellow(-brown) and black, mainly scattered (partly subsymmetric), matt, largely due to microreticulation (x80); elytral colour pattern quite variable. Pilosity pale yellow, dorsally long, conspicuous.

Cephalic margin slightly reflexed; clypeal border generally round; clypeus anteromedially with robust spatuliform horn on reflexed apex (major males), clypeus posterior surface slightly concave, clypeogenal transition virtually continuous at border; genal border widely round; clypeofrontal ridge absent in males; clypeal surface at horn base smooth, impunctate, shiny; posterolateral part of clypeus and anteromedian part of frons rugulatepunctate. Posterior part of frons and vertex impunctate, microreticulate; genal surface with several vague punctures, microreticulate; paramedian protrusions between anterior part of eyes moderately distinct. Vertexal base slightly transversely elevated. Eyes with approximately 8 facet rows across widest point. Minor males have their ornamentation reduced, and may lack clypeal protrusion completely.

Pronotum strongly convex, discal midline not impressed; anterior section of lateral border distinctly sinuate, anterolateral corner slightly reflexed, angle rounded off, posterior section distinctly sinuate; pronotal base medially at most indistinctly marginate; anterior declivity medially topped by sharp triangular, anteriorly directed lobe (dorsal view), anterior side with upright keel; this protuberance reduced in minor males. Anterior declivity of pronotum (largely) impunctate, rest of pronotal derm coarsely (isodiametrically) punctate throughout, punctural setae abundant, semierect, long (many times their punctural diameter).

Elytral striae discally well defined, fine, with indistinct punctures; separated by many times their diameter, scarcely crenulate on interstriae; interstriae almost flat; interstriae with irregular rows of seta-bearing punctures, and microreticulation (x80), matt; many punctures (especially on anterior section of interstriae) anteriorly with contiguous microgranules.

Antennal club brown. Metaventrite medially impunctate; sublaterally with abundant, coarse, mainly setabearing punctures; lateral wings with abundant, seta-bearing, subocellate punctures. Visible abdominal ventrites 1– 6 with transverse row of seta-bearing punctures, setae long. Pygidium matt, black, with sparse, seta-bearing punctures; base with transverse ridge.

Legs black-brown, generally robust. Protibia with 3+(1) larger denticles, spur elongate-acuminate. Mesotibiae and metatibiae and spurs unmodified. Femoral undersides with sparse seta-bearing punctures. Metatarsomere 1 almost as long as metatarsomeres 2–5 combined.

Aedeagus, Fig. 46 .

Variation and sexual dimorphism. Variation in colour, size, and secondary sexual characters may be considerable. Minor males, without clypeal projection, may look like females, but lack, apart from other reductions, the transverse clypeofrontal ridge.

Female with clypeus entirely densely rugulate, posteriorly to paramedian frontal protrusions; clypeal horn absent; clypeofrontal ridge generally straight, virtually reaching clypeogenal border on either side; frons between anterior part of eyes with two low but distinct paramedian protrusions. Anterior declivity of pronotum with pair of smooth concavities, separated by short, median longitudinal ridge, declivity posteriorly topped by sharp, transverse, variably arcuate crest. Pygidium strongly convex.

Lectotype designation and spelling of species epithet. Harold’s description (1877: 69) is not explicit about the number of specimens he saw, and therefore it seems prudent to stabilize the nomenclature by designating the specimen we studied from the MSNG as the lectotype.

In his article Harold (1877) twice spelled the species-group name as “ holosericus ”. This is also the spelling that Harold used on the original type label. Lansberge (1883: 75) seems to have been the first to use the spelling “ holosericeus ”, without explicit justification; subsequent authors (including Boucomont 1914 and Balthasar 1963) also used this spelling without justification.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Sulawesi Onthophagus species, oblique habitus. 1, O. bisscrutator, holotype male from Toraut. 2, O. scrutator, male from Moramo. 3, O. bongkudai, holotype male from Moajat. 4, O. sangirensis, male from Toraut. 5, O. holosericus, male from Marena, 6, female from Marena. 7, O. sopu, holotype male from Sopu. 8, O. manguliensis, male from Mangoli. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.

FIGURES 19 – 24. Sulawesi Onthophagus species, dorsal, oblique (20 only) forebody. 19, O. sangirensis, male from Manado. 20, O. holosericus, female from Kendari, oblique. 21, O. holosericus, male from Marena. 22, O. holosericus, female from Marena. 23, O. begoniophilus, holotype male major from Ambang. 24, O. begoniophilus, paratype male medium from Ambang. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.

FIGURES 39 – 46. Sulawesi Onthophagus body parts. 39, O. bongkudai, head full-face, holotype male from Moajat. 40, O. bongkudai, left elytron dorsal, holotype male from Moajat. 41, O. bongkudai, protibial upper side, holotype male from Moajat. 42, O. bongkudai, metatibial upperside, holotype male from Moajat. 43, O. bongkudai, aedeagus lateral, holotype male from Moajat. 44, O. bongkudai, head full-face, paratype female. 45, O. sangirensis, aedeagus lateral, male from Toraut. 46, O. holosericus, aedeagus lateral, male from Marena. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.