Onthophagus sangirensis Boucomont, 1914

Krikken, J. & Huijbregts, J., 2017, Sulawesi Onthophagus: seven new species in select groups (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Zootaxa 4238 (3), pp. 301-334 : 317-319

Onthophagus sangirensis Boucomont, 1914

( Figs. 4 , 17–18 , 45 )

Material examined. Holotype female (MNHN, not male as suggested by Boucomont 1914). Indonesia: "Taroena \

Groot Sangir 2000' \ Doherty III.IV", "EX MUSEO \ N. VAN DE POLL ", " MUSEUM PARIS \ 1938 \ COLL. A.

BOUCOMONT", " Typus " (red label), "Boucomont det. 1914 \ Onthophagus \ sangirensis n.sp. ". The 200 specimens examined are as follows:

CENTRAL SULAWESI: BANGGAI DISTRICT

- Batui: Seseba Estate, 80 m, 6–9.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw30a, multistratal evergreen forest, 4

human excrement traps, 5 in RMNH

- Kamunu: Luwuk-Poh road (km 21–22), 220 m, 31.x–5.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw21a, Pinus forest

plantation, 2 human excrement traps, 5 in RMNH

- Luwuk-Kayutanyo road (km 17–18), 40 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw15a, limestone forest

remnant, 2 human excrement traps, 9 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 120 m, 2–7.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw29b, multistratal evergreen

forest, combi-trap, bottom, 2 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 120 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw16amultistratal

evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 13 in RMNH,

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 170 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw18a, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 20 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 120 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw17a, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 9 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 170 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw18b, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 6 in RMNH

- Salodik: Luwuk-Poh road (km 23-24), 390 m, 31.x–5.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw22a, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 8 in RMNH

CENTRAL SULAWESI: PALU REGION

- Tawaeli-Toboli road (km 29), 250 m, 20–22.x.1985, J. Krikken, pw68a, second-growth forest/coffee, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

CENTRAL SULAWESI: LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK

- Sopu River bank, 930 m, 8.xii.1985, J. Krikken & J. van Tol, pw49, multistratal evergreen forest vicinity, at light, 1 in RMNH

NORTH SULAWESI: DUMOGA BONE NATIONAL PARK

- Edwards Subcamp, 664 m, 2–6.vi.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh352, multistratal evergreen forest, 4 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

- Mount Mogogonipa, 1000 m, 22–26, viii.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh427a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

- Mount Mogogonipa, 1000 m, 23–26.viii.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh431, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 rat excrement traps, 4 in RMNH

- Page Subcamp, 302 m, 3–8.ix.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh439, multistratal evergreen forest, human excrement baited, baffled canopy funnel trap 0 m, 2 in RMNH

- Toraut R 3, 245 m, 8–10.v.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh311, multistratal evergreen forest, 4 human excrement traps, 4 in RMNH

- Toraut R 3, 245 m, 10–18.v.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh320, multistratal evergreen forest, human excrement canopy trap 0 m, 8 in RMNH

- Toraut R 3, 245 m, 14–16.viii.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh413, multistratal evergreen forest, human excrement baited, baffled canopy funnel trap 1 m, 2 in RMNH

- Toraut R 3, 245 m, 16–20.viii.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh422, multistratal evergreen forest, human excrement baited, baffled canopy funnel trap 0 m, 4 in RMNH

- Toraut, 234 m, 31.v–8.v.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh356, multistratal evergreen forest, window trap, 19 in RMNH - Toraut, 217 m, 9–11.v.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh313, multistratal evergreen forest edge, 4 human excrement traps, 9 in RMNH

- Toraut, 217 m, 11–18.v.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh321, multistratal evergreen forest edge, 4 human excrement traps, 5 in RMNH

- Toraut, 217 m, 18–22.v.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh329, multistratal evergreen forest edge, 4 human excrement traps, 6 in RMNH

- Toraut, 234 m, 27–31.v.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh344, multistratal evergreen forest, window trap, 12 in RMNH - Toraut, 234 m, 15–21.viii.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh416, multistratal evergreen forest, window trap, 11 in RMNH - Toraut: Maze, 220 m, 2–9.viii.1985, J. Krikken, pw16a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

- Toraut: Maze, 220 m, 9–15.xi.1985, J. Krikken, pw23, multistratal evergreen forest, 4 human excrement traps, 5 in RMNH

NORTH SULAWESI: MOUNT AMBANG NATURE RESERVE

- Kotamobagu (20 km E of), 1200 m, 5–8.xi.1985, J. Krikken, pw10, coffee plantation, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

- Kotamobagu (20 km E of), 1200 m, 5–8.xi.1985, J. Krikken, pw12a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

- Kotamobagu (20 km E of), 1200 m, 5–8.xi.1985, J. Krikken, pw11, multistratal evergreen forest edge, 4 human excrement traps, 2 in RMNH

- Kotamobagu (20 km E of), 1210 m, 5–8.xi.1985, J. Krikken, pw09, multistratal evergreen forest, window trap, 1 in RMNH

NORTH SULAWESI: TANGKOKO NATURE RESERVE

- Pantai Trail, 85 m, 27–29.xi.1985, J. Krikken, pw42a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 2 in RMNH

- Pantai Trail, 100 m, 27–29.xi.1985, J. Krikken, pw41a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

NORTH SULAWESI

- Manado, i.1985, human excrement, 1 in BMNH

SANGIHE ISLANDS

- Tahuna, 2000 feet, iii–iv, Doherty, holotype, in MNHN

SOUTHEAST SULAWESI: KENDARI DISTRICT

- Mekara, 7 km S of Lambuya, 70 m, 15–18.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw34a, Pinus -Acacia forest plantation, 2 human excrement traps, 4 in RMNH

SOUTHEAST SULAWESI: KOLAKA DISTRICT

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw04a, second-growth forest, open space, 2 human excrement traps, 4 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw05a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 3 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw06a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 2 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw06b, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 1 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 14–21.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw09b, second-growth forest, combitrap, bottom, 3 in RMNH

Description. Body length 4.8–7.2 mm. Head and pronotum usually dark (black), (sub)sericeous, occasionally with green tinge or simply rufous brown; elytra marmorate (with more-or-less yellow versus infuscate or distinctly black scattered patches), matt, largely due to microreticulation (x80). Pilosity usually abundant, dorsally mainly long, pale yellow.

Clypeal border round; male clypeus anteromedially with variably reflexed, slender horn (may be obsolescent in minors); clypeus posterior surface slightly concave, apex rounded off; clypeogenal transition virtually continuous; clypeofrontal ridge absent in male; head microreticulate, except on anterior part of clypeus, almost impunctate; no distinct paramedian protrusions between anterior part of eyes. Vertexal base medially slightly elevated.

Pronotum strongly convex; anterior section of lateral border usually sinuate, anterolateral corner slightly reflexed, angle approximately 80°, posterior section scarcely sinuate; pronotal base medially at most finely marginate; anterior declivity in male medially topped by median forward protrusion that is frequently a slender, parallel-sided, slightly deflexed prong; anterior declivity and base impunctate; remainder of pronotal derm with numerous, distinct, seta-bearing punctures (setae long on lateral surface).

Elytral striae discally well defined, with indistinct punctures, mainly separated by 3–5 times their diameter, scarcely crenulated on interstriae; interstriae almost flat, matt, with sparse, scattered, seta-bearing, more-or-less microgranulate punctures; microreticulation distinct (x40).

Antennal club yellow to brown. Disc of metaventrite without distinct midline impression, remainder of disc with sparse, fine, seta-bearing punctures; lateral wings with abundant, seta- bearing, ocellate punctures. Abdominal ventrites laterally with transverse row of seta-bearing punctures, setae long. Male pygidium almost flat, matt, dark with some yellow, with sparse, seta-bearing punctures; base with transverse ridge.

Legs usually black or brown. Protibia with 3+(1) larger denticles, spur elongate-acuminate. Mesotibiae and metatibiae and spurs unmodified. Metatarsomere 1 about as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined.

Aedeagus, Fig. 45 .

Variation and sexual dimorphism. In spite of strong populational variation and individual polymorphism all forms with a distinctly punctate-setose pronotum are here united under Onthophagus sangirensis , and separated from the preceding close relative. Two males from Manado (North Sulawesi) have a pigmentary brown forebody (not being sericeous at all), and the parameres seem slightly different from other males. The backward declination of the clypeal projection and its length varies strongly, and so does the projection topping the anterior pronotal declivity.

Female with clypeus entirely densely rugulate, margin slightly reflexed; clypeal horn absent; clypeofrontal ridge present, almost straight, not reaching lateral margin on either side; frons between anterior part of eyes with two low but distinct paramedian protrusions. Pronotal protrusion slight (i.e., prong greatly but variably reduced). Pygidium moderately convex. Minor males without clypeal projection may be confused with females.

Note. The “combi-trap” mentioned under Material examined above is a combination of a Malaise trap with a sheet on the ground underneath to collect the insects that fall down on impact (like Coleoptera ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Sulawesi Onthophagus species, oblique habitus. 1, O. bisscrutator, holotype male from Toraut. 2, O. scrutator, male from Moramo. 3, O. bongkudai, holotype male from Moajat. 4, O. sangirensis, male from Toraut. 5, O. holosericus, male from Marena, 6, female from Marena. 7, O. sopu, holotype male from Sopu. 8, O. manguliensis, male from Mangoli. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.

FIGURES 13 – 18. Sulawesi Onthophagus species, dorsal forebody. 13, O. bisscrutator, holotype male from Toraut. 14, O. scrutator, male from Moramo. 15, O. bongkudai, holotype male from Moajat 16, paratype female. 17, O. sangirensis, male from Toraut. 18, O. sangirensis, female from Tangkoko. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.

FIGURES 39 – 46. Sulawesi Onthophagus body parts. 39, O. bongkudai, head full-face, holotype male from Moajat. 40, O. bongkudai, left elytron dorsal, holotype male from Moajat. 41, O. bongkudai, protibial upper side, holotype male from Moajat. 42, O. bongkudai, metatibial upperside, holotype male from Moajat. 43, O. bongkudai, aedeagus lateral, holotype male from Moajat. 44, O. bongkudai, head full-face, paratype female. 45, O. sangirensis, aedeagus lateral, male from Toraut. 46, O. holosericus, aedeagus lateral, male from Marena. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.