Onthophagus scrutator Harold, 1877

Krikken, J. & Huijbregts, J., 2017, Sulawesi Onthophagus: seven new species in select groups (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Zootaxa 4238 (3), pp. 301-334 : 312-314

Onthophagus scrutator Harold, 1877

( Figs. 2 , 37–38 )

Material examined. Lectotype male, here designated ( MSNG) from Indonesia, labelled: " Celebes \ Kandari

III.74. \ O. Beccari", "TYPUS" (red print), " scrutator \ Harold." (Harold's handwriting). The 323 specimens examined are as follows:

CENTRAL SULAWESI: BANGGAI DISTRICT

- Batui: Seseba Estate, 80 m, 06–09.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw30a, multistratal evergreen forest, 4

human excrement traps, 9 in RMNH

- Batui: Seseba Estate, 80 m, 06–09.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw30b, multistratal evergreen forest, 4

fish traps, 13 in RMNH

- Kamunu: Luwuk-Poh road (km 21–22), 220 m, 31.x–5.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw21a, Pinus forest

plantation, 2 human excrement traps, 11 in RMNH

- Kamunu: Luwuk-Poh road (km 21–22), 390 m, 31.x–5.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw21b, Pinus forest

plantation, 2 human excrement traps, 6 in RMNH

- Luwuk-Kayutanyo road (km 17–18), 40 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw15a, limestone forest

remnant, 2 human excrement traps, 2 in RMNH

- Luwuk-Kayutanyo road (km 17–18), 40 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw15b, limestone forest

remnant, 2 fish traps, 2 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 120 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw16a, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 3 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 120 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw16b, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 22 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 120 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw17a, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 4 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 170 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw18b, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 6 in RMNH

- Matanyo Forest, N of Kayutanyo, 120 m, 30.x–4.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw17b, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 9 in RMNH

- Salodik: Luwuk-Poh road (km 23–24), 390 m, 31.x–5.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw22a, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 2 in RMNH

- Salodik: Luwuk-Poh road (km 23–24), 390 m, 31.x–5.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw22b, multistratal

evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 8 in RMNH

CENTRAL SULAWESI: LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK

- Dongi Dongi (garage), 950 m, 4–9.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw55a, multistratal evergreen forest, 4 dung traps, 1 in

RMNH

- Dongi Dongi Shelter, 940 m, 4–8.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw48b, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 4 in

RMNH

- Marena Shelter, 600 m, 14–17.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw65a, second-growth forest, 2 human excrement traps, 1

in RMNH

- Marena forest (hill crest) 650 m, 14–17.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw63b, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 4 in RMNH

- Marena forest (hill crest), 650 m, 4–17.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw63a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

- Marena forest (near river), 600 m, 14–17.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw64b, multistratal evergreen forest, 6 fish traps, 26 in RMNH

- Marena forest (near river), 600 m, 14–17.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw64a, multistratal evergreen forest, 6 human excrement traps, 6 in RMNH

CENTRAL SULAWESI: PALU REGION

- Tawaeli-Toboli road (km 34), 500 m, 20–22.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw69b, multistratal evergreen forest, degraded, 2 fish traps, 1 in RMNH

- Tawaeli-Toboli road (km 29), 250 m, 20–22.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw68b, second-growth forest/coffee, 2 fish traps, 8 in RMNH

- Tawaeli-Toboli road (km 29), 250 m, 20–22.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw68a, second-growth forest/coffee, 2 human excrement traps, 2 in RMNH

- Tawaeli-Toboli road (km 34), 500 m, 20–22.xii.1985, J. Krikken, pw69a, multistratal evergreen forest, degraded, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

NORTH SULAWESI

- Manado, 80 m, 18.x.1981, W.F. Rodenburg, in house, residential area, cultivated fields & coconut plantation, 1 in RMNH

NORTH SULAWESI: DUMOGA BONE NATIONAL PARK

- Mount Mogogonipa, 1000 m, 22–26.viii.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh427a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

- Mount Mogogonipa, 1000m, 22–26.viii.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh427b, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 5 in RMNH

- Mount Mogogonipa, 800 m, 22–26.viii.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh426, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 9 in RMNH

SOUTHEAST SULAWESI: KENDARI DISTRICT

- Aopa, 30 km S of Lambuya, 40 m, 15–18.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw33a, sago palm forest, 2 human excrement traps, 4 in RMNH

- Kendari, iii.1874, O. Beccari, 1 in MSNG, lectotype

- Mekara, 7 km S of Lambuya, 70 m, 15–18.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw34a, Pinus -Acacia forest plantation, 2 human excrement traps, 51 in RMNH

- Mekara, 7 km S of Lambuya, 70 m, 15–18.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw34b, Pinus-Acacia forest plantation, 2 fish traps, 7 in RMNH

- Moramo Falls Forest, 200 m, 16–17.xi.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw35a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 13 in RMNH

SOUTHEAST SULAWESI: KOLAKA DISTRICT

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 9–12.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw01a, second-growth forest, 2 human excrement traps, 14 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 9–12.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw01b, second-growth forest, 2 fish traps, 21 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw03a, second-growth forest margin, 2 human excrement traps, 29 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw03b, second-growth forest margin, 2 fish traps, 3 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw04a, second-growth forest, open space, 2 human excrement traps, 1 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw05a, second-growth forest, open space, 2 human excrement traps, 3 in RMNH - Sanggona Base Camp, 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw05b, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 3 in RMNH

- Sanggona Base Camp, 0 200 m, 13–17.x.1989, Krikken & Van der Blom, sw06b, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, 5 in RMNH

Description. Body length 5.0–8.0 mm. Colour variable, usually black to brown, frequently slightly metallic (cupreous), elytra may be (partly) lighter; dorsum generally matt. Pilosity pale-white, dorsal side with numerous distinct, short setae in relatively fine punctures.

Clypeus anteromedially with erect lobe, top angles shortly round; clypeogenal transition uninterrupted; genal border widely round; clypeofrontal transition with median callosity, without distinct suture; cephalic surface with abundant, mostly seta-bearing, distinct punctures. Vertex with slight transverse ridge.

Pronotum strongly convex, midline weakly depressed; anterior declivity broad, in males topped by broad protuberance, apex in larger males bifid (dorsal view); declivity laterally delimited by cavity on either side; anterior section of lateral border slightly concave, anterolateral angle approximately 80°; posterior section of lateral border distinctly sinuate; most of pronotal derm abundantly to densely, finely but still distinctly punctate-setose, anterolateral cavities impunctate.

Elytral striae discally well defined, with distinct punctures, mostly separated by 2–4 times their diameter, slightly crenulating interstriae; interstriae almost flat, microreticulate (x60); with fine, distinct, scattered, abundant, seta-bearing punctures; lateral interstriae more coarsely punctate (not rugulate).

Antennal club grayish brown. Metaventrite with indistinct midline impression; disc along midline impunctate; rest of disc with sparse, fine, seta-bearing punctures; lateral wings with sparse, seta-bearing, subocellate punctures. Abdominal ventrites each with transverse row of seta-bearing punctures. Pygidium matt with abundant, weaklydefined, seta-bearing punctures; base marginate.

Protibia slender, distally slightly curved inwards; apex internally slightly produced, with 3+(1) larger denticles; spur elongate-acuminate, curved downwards. Mesotibiae and metatibiae and their spurs unmodified. Tarsomere 1 of metatarsus almost as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined.

Aedeagus, Fig. 38 .

Variation, sexual dimorphism, lectotype designation. Colour, and to a lesser degree microsculpture, variable, perhaps populational, but confirmation from more samples required. Size and protrusions vary, as usual.

Female lacking anteromedian clypeal lobe. Clypeal surface rugulate-punctate, margin reflexed. Clypeofrontal ridge present, weakly-pronounced, curvilinear. Pronotum more-or-less swollen anteromedially, otherwise unmodified. Legs different, protibia more robust, apex not produced.

A lectotype is designated to consolidate the nomenclature of the pair of closely related species in this group. From Harold’s description (1877: 66) it is clear that he saw more than one specimen. New material of O. scrutator was, apart from other localities, also collected near Kendari in the Southeast, the type region of this described species.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Sulawesi Onthophagus species, oblique habitus. 1, O. bisscrutator, holotype male from Toraut. 2, O. scrutator, male from Moramo. 3, O. bongkudai, holotype male from Moajat. 4, O. sangirensis, male from Toraut. 5, O. holosericus, male from Marena, 6, female from Marena. 7, O. sopu, holotype male from Sopu. 8, O. manguliensis, male from Mangoli. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.

FIGURES 31 – 38. Sulawesi Onthophagus, body parts. 31 –, O. bisscrutator, head full-face, holotype male from Toraut. 32, O. bisscrutator, left elytron dorsal, holotype male from Toraut. 33, O. bisscrutator, protibial upper side, holotype male from Toraut. 34, O. bisscrutator, metatibial underside, paratype male from Mogogonipa. 35, O. bisscrutator, aedeagus lateral, paratype male from Toraut. 36, O. bisscrutator, head full-face, paratype female from Toraut. 37, O. scrutator, head full-face, female from Matanyo. 38, O. scrutator, aedeagus lateral, male from Morano. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.