Pseudocamelina bakhtiarica Esmailbegi, Mirtadzadini & Al-Shehbaz, 2017

Esmailbegi, Shokouh, Lysak, Martin A., Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Mummenhoff, Klaus & Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A., 2017, A taxonomic revision of the genus Pseudocamelina (Brasssicaceae, tribe Thlaspideae), Phytotaxa 313 (1), pp. 117-129 : 120-123

Pseudocamelina bakhtiarica Esmailbegi, Mirtadzadini & Al-Shehbaz , sp. nov.

Diagnosis:— Pseudocamelina bakhtiarica is readily distinguished from the remaining eight species of the genus by a combination of perennial habit with short caudex, 4 ovules per ovary, oblong fruit, and entire, oblanceolate basal leaves.

Type:— IRAN. Chaharmahal Bakhtiari: Bakhtiari, SW of Samsami village, Mt. Mili , near the point N32 8.195 ′, E50 12.589 ′, 3 July 2010, Mansour Mirtadzadini 1786 (holotype, MIR!; isotype, MO-6737247!). Fig. 1 .

Description:—Herbs perennial, glabrous throughout; caudex woody, with stem remains of previous seasons. Stems 12– 35 cm tall, slender, erect to ascending, flexuous from lowermost branching, profoundly flexuous in the inflorescence. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves with petiole 1–2 cm long; blade fleshy oblanceolate to narrowly so, 4–7 × 1–4 mm, base attenuate, margin entire, apex subacute; middle and upper cauline leaves similar to basal ones, short petiolate to sessile, gradually reduced in size upwards. Racemes rather lax, grouped in open panicles, 4–16-flowered; rachis strongly flexuous, segments between adjacent flowers distinctly shorter than fruiting pedicles; fruiting pedicles 7–25 mm long, filiform, straight, divaricate ascending at 40–60º angle. Sepals narrowly oblong, purplish, with white margin, 1.2–1.5 mm long; petals narrowly oblanceolate 1.5–2.2 × ca. 0.5 mm; anthers yellow, ca. 0.4 mm long; ovules 4 per ovary. Fruit oblong, 2.2–3 × 0.5–1 mm, terete; valves smooth, not veined, papery, obtuse at both ends; gynophore 0.1–0.3 mm long; septum fenestrate, membranous; style slender 0.3–0.5 mm long. Seeds oblong, plump, 1.1–1.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm.

Eponymy:—the species epithet is named after Bakhtiari region of Iran.

Conservation status:— Pseudocamelina bakhtiarica is known only from the type collection. Therefore, it is given the assessment of Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN (2001) criteria.

Notes:— Pseudocamelina bakhtiarica resembles P. conwayi in having woody caudex, strongly flexuous racemes, and filiform fruiting pedicels. However, it differs by having undivided (vs. trisect) basal leaves, 4–16-flowered (vs. 2–5-flowered) racemes grouped (vs. ungrouped) in open panicles, glabrous (vs. puberulent) stems and leaves, and oblong (vs. linear) fruits.

Pseudocamelina campylocarpa (Boiss.) N. Busch (1928: 115) . ≡ Cochlearia campylocarpa Boissier (1842: 171) . Type:— IRAN (as Persia). Isfahan, P. M. R. Aucher-Eloy 95 (Holotype: G-BOIS-00332268!; isotypes: BM-001254038!,G-00389746!, K 000484396!, P 02272512!).

Description:—Herbs biennial, glabrous throughout or pilose along lower stems. Stems 37 − 60 cm tall, single to several from base, flexuous throughout, branched below and above, ascending. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm long; blade fleshy, 5 − 14 × 4 − 8 mm, suborbicular to broadly obovate, base cuneate, margin dentate to subentire, apex obtuse, repand, cuneate at base; cauline leaves narrowly oblanceolate, long petiolate, uppermost linear, sessile. Racemes many flowered, lax, elongated considerably in fruit; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels erect to erect-ascending, slightly stout, 1 − 2 mm long, subappressed to rachis, glabrous. Sepals oblong, 2.2 − 2.5 mm long, erect, glabrous; petals white, 4 − 5 × ca. 1.2 mm, obscurely differentiated into blade and claw; stamens 0.7 − 0.8 mm long; ovules 10 − 14 per ovary. Fruit linear-oblong, 5 − 7 × ca. 1 mm; style ca. 0.7 mm long. Immature seeds pale brown, smooth, uniseriate.

Distribution:—endemic to S and W Iran.

Representative specimens:— IRAN: Chaharmahal Bakhtiari: Bakhtiari, 40 km S Dorahun , 1920 m, 8 July 1959, H. Pabot 2272 ( G) . Luristan: Kebara, 2000 m, June 1941, W. N. Koelz 18249 ( MICH, W), W. N. Koelz 18278a ( MICH, W) . Fars: Kuh-Ajub near Persepolis, April 1842, T. Kotschy 903 ( BM, G, P), T. Kotschy 935 ( W) . Kerman: Kerman, Godar-e Khane Sorkh , M. Mirtadzadini 1754d ( MIR) ; Kerman, N of Baft, 5 km SE of Kiskan toward Bezenjan , 2517 m, 15 June 2012, M. Mirtadzadini 1755b ( MIR) ; Kerman, SW of Bardsir, 10 km W of Deh-e Rastegar, near Khane-Sorkh village , 2453 m, 3 May 2013, M. Mirtadzadini 1781a ( MIR) . Tehran: Hawz-i Sultan , 1868, C. Haussknecht s.n. ( P) .

Notes:—Boissier based the species description solely on the specimen in his herbarium. Furthermore, the G-00389746 sheet was added to the Geneva herbaria from the Moricand herbarium that was donated to the G combined herbaria in 1908 and which Boissier did not examine. Therefore, the specimen in G-BOIS is the holotype.

Pseudocamelina campylocarpa is easily distinguished from the other congeners by having stout suberrect fruiting pedicles to 2 mm long. By contrast, the other species have slender, often divaricate or recurved fruiting pedicles distinctly longer than 2 mm.

Pseudocamelina campylopoda (Bornm. & Gauba) Hada č & Chtrek (1973: 261). ≡ Cochlearia campylopoda Bornm. & Gauba in Bornmüller (1934: 339). Described from: “Persia borealis: Elburs [for Alborz], in montosis supra Keredj [for Karadj] sitis ad pagum Allangch (12. VII. 1934: leg. Dr. Gauba).” Type:— IRAN. Tehran: in montosis supra Karadj sitis as pagum Allangeh, 12 July 1934, Gauba 140 (holotype, W-1958-0006835!).

Syn.:— Camelinopsis camplylopoda (Bornm. & Gauba) Miller (1978: 32) .

Description:—Herbs annual, glabrous throughout. Stems 10–30 cm tall, slender, flexuous throughout. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves 1–3-pinnatisect, soon withered; petiole 0.7–1.5 cm long, slender; lateral leaf lobes petiolulate, dentate or pinnatisect, ultimate segments obovate to oblong, 1–4 mm long; cauline leaves similar, ultimate segments linear, 0.5–1.5 × ca. 0.5 mm; uppermost leaves narrowly linear, entire. Racemes many flowered, strongly flexuous, 5–10 cm long; fruiting pedicels filiform, divaricate, strongly arcuate, lowermost 1.5–3.5 cm long. Sepals purplish. with white margin and apex, 1.2–1.5 mm long; petals narrowly obovate to oblong, 2.5–3.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm; median filaments 1–1.3 mm long, lateral filaments 0.7–0.9 mm long; anthers ca. 0.5 mm long; ovules 4 per ovary. Fruit subglobose to broadly obovoid, slightly flattened, 2.2–3 × 1.8–2.6 mm; style 0.2–0.5 mm long. Seeds uniseriate, 1.8–2 × 1–1.3 mm. 2 n =14.

Distribution:—endemic to Iran.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Qazvin: Pic-Kuh, Karaj , Gauba 141 ( W) . Tehran: Nosratabad, Km 16 N Karaj , Amin-Bazargan 10268 ( E) ; Jajrud Tehran Abali, Dini & Arazm 6151 ( E), 6165 ( TUH) ; Km 12 on Karaj road of Chalus , 1560 m, 3 June 1973, Babakhanlou & Amin 6466 ( E) ; Vardavard Valley , 1650 m, 27 May 1974, P. Wendelbo et al. 11769 ( E) ; Tehran-Karaj, Garm Darreh , 1500 m, 7 May 1978, M. Assadi 27515 ( E) ; Alborz Mt., Pic-Kuh, Karaj , 7 June 1937, K. H. Rechinger 757 ( W) ; Karaj , 2 April 1937, K. H. Rechinger 340 ( BM, W) ; Karaj , 1 June 1944, W. N. Koelz 33441 ( W) ; Jajroud , 1700 m, 6 June 1972, Dini & Arazm 6151 ( TUH) ; Yonjehzar Farahzad, N Tehran, Amin & Bazargan 6229 ( TUH) ; Simien Dasht, km 87, Firuzkuh, Amin & Bazargan 6233 ( TUH) ; Sorkhe-Hessar, Anonymous 12436 ( TUH) ; Djadjrud, Ganj Alizadeh 12437 ( TUH) ; Sorkhe-Hessar , April 1959, 12438 ( TUH) ; Karaj- Tal, A. Parsa 12439 ( TUH) ; Nosratabad, km 16 N of Karaj , 1800 m, 25 June 1974, Amin & Bazargan 19268 ( TUH) ; Damavand, Ghareh Ghaj, Sefid Kamar, V. Mozaffarian 53964 ( TUH) .

Notes:—Bornmüller and Gauba (in Bornmüller, 1934) described the species in Cochlearia and listed Pseudocamelina campylopoda as its synonym. However, the latter is a nomen nudum that was erroneously recognized by Rechinger (1968) as a validly published name. The name remained invalid for 39 years until the work of Hada č & Chrtek (1973).

Pseudocamelina conwayi (Hemsl.) Al-Shehbaz (2014: 144) . ≡ Cochlearia conwayi Hemsley (1894: 4) . Type:— [ PAKISTAN]. Expedition to the Karakoram Glaciers 1892, Doyen to Raínghát, W. M. Conway 305 (holotype, K-000247181!).

Description:—Herbs perennial, minutely puberulent throughout with straight, simple papillate trichomes to 0.05 mm long; caudex woody, few-branched, with leaf and stem remains of previous seasons. Stems ca. 7 cm tall, branched from caudex and above, ascending, puberulent, dichotomously branched, strongly flexuous. Basal leaves subrosulate, trisect, 1–2 cm long, puberulent, nonfleshy; lobes linear, entire; middle cauline leaves trisect, petiolate, not auriculate at base; petiole 3–6 mm long; lobes linear to filiform, 3–10 × 0.2–1 mm, entire; uppermost leaves undivided, linear. Racemes 2–5-flowered, lax, strongly flexuous, puberulent, ebracteate; flowering pedicels divaricate, filiform, straight, puberulent, 5–15 mm long. Sepals oblong, 2.5–3 mm long, erect, puberulent, subsaccate at base; petals oblanceolate, white, 5–7 × 0.5–1 mm, undifferentiated into blade and claw; filaments erect, 2–3 mm long, tetradynamous; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm long, not apiculate; nectar glands confluent, subtending bases of median stamens, surrounding those of lateral stamens; ovary linear; style ca. 0.5 mm long; stigma entire. Ovule number and mature fruits and seeds unknown.

Distribution:—Endemic to Karakoram Mts. ( Pakistan).

Conservation status:— Pseudocamelina conwayi is known only from the type collection. Therefore, it is given the assessment of Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN (2001) criteria.

Notes:—The species was assigned to Pseudocamelina by Al-Shehbaz (2014) on the basis of having strongly flexuous racemes, divided leaves, filiform fruiting pedicels, linear ovaries, and perennial habit.These features combined are not found in any Asian genus and, therefore, such placement is maintained here. However, the species is disjunct from the nearest distribution center of the genus in Kerman by well over 1500 kilometers. Additional collections are needed before its generic placement is resolved.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pseudocamelina bakhtiarica. A. Plant. B. Basal leaf. C. Petal. D. Fruit and fruiting pedicel. Drawn by Al-Shehbaz from the isotype (MO-6737247).