Colletes cognatus Spinola, 1851

Ferrari, Rafael R., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the species of Colletes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Colletinae) found in Chile, Zootaxa 4364 (1), pp. 1-137 : 37-40

Colletes cognatus Spinola, 1851

( Figs. 15A–F )

Colletes cognata Spinola, 1851: 223 ; Vachal 1909: 54.

Lectotype ♂ (not examined) designated by Moure & Urban (2002: 7). {MRSN}.

Colletes cognatus ; Dalla Torre 1896: 38; Friese 1910: 642, 1912: 366; Ruiz 1944: 209; Toro 1986: 122, 1999: 27; Moure & Urban 2002: 7; Moure et al. 2007: 680; Montalva & Ruz 2010: 21; Ascher & Pickering 2017.

Diagnosis. The combination of mesoscutal pubescence pale-yellow, mesepisternal punctation comprised of coarse punctures intermingled with minute ones, and marginal zones of T1–T5 covered with appressed hairs is sufficient to distinguish C. cognatus from all Colletes species found in Chile.

Colletes cognatus is most similar to C. arthuri n. sp., but the females can be differentiated from each other by the absence of appressed hairs on discs of T2–T 5 in C. cognatus (discs of T2–T5 covered with pale-yellow, dense appressed hairs in the female C. arthuri n. sp.). The male of these species can be distinguished by the comparatively short malar area, ~1.5x as long as basal depth of mandible, in C. cognatus (malar area ~ 2x as long as basal depth of mandible in C. arthuri n. sp.); and mesepisternum with coarse and minute punctures intermingled in C. cognatus (mesepisternum with only moderately coarse punctures in C. arthuri n. sp.).

Redescription. FEMALE ( Figs. 15A, 15C, 15E ): Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 9.1–9.7; head width 3.1–3.4; head length 2.4–2.5; intertegular distance 2.3–2.5; forewing length 6.6–7.0.

Colouration: Black except reddish-brown on distal half of tarsal claws; marked on distal 1/3 of mandible. Palebrown on tegula, wing veins (except vein R of forewing dark-brown), ventrally reflexed lateral areas of T1–T2. Dark-brown on tarsi, marginal zones of T1–T5, disc of S6. Pale-yellow on tibial spurs, marginal zones of metasomal sterna. Bright-yellow on proximal half of tarsal claws.

Structure: Labrum medially concave; concavity margined by lateral ridges. Clypeal mid-longitudinal area neither depressed nor carinate; adjacent lateral area convex; apicomedial ridge absent. Malar area subequal to basal depth of mandible (35:37). F1 ~1.2x as long as its apical width (34:28). UID:LID (65:58). Genal area flat behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum rounded. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum ~0.4x as long as metanotum (18:46); metapostnotal pits well-delimited; posterior transverse carina sinuous and complete. Posteromedial surface of front coxa bearing very long spine (0.7x MOD). Posterior hind tibial spur pectinate. Hind basitarsus 3.2x longer than broad (48:15). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws ~ 2x as long as inner rami (30:16). Posterolateral area of S6 convex and lacking carina; marginal zone depressed.

Pubescence: Off-white, plumose, erect, moderately long on lateral slopes of clypeus and supraclypeal area, paraocular, interantennal, frontal and genal areas (except suberect and moderately short above), posteroventral surface of front trochanter and femur, mid coxa and trochanter (except short on dorsal surface), ventral margin of mid femur, T1, S1; such hairs long on mesepisternum, metepisternum, upper margin of lateral surface of propodeum. Pale-yellow, plumose, erect, moderately long on pronotal lobe, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum. Off-white, erect, moderately short hairs, which are branched only apically on hind coxa and trochanter; such hairs suberect, very long on anterior surface of hind femur and tibia. Pale-yellow, suberect, moderately long setae on dorsal surface of tibiae and basitarsi; erect on mandible, front coxa; very long on posterior margin of mid and hind basitarsi. Bright-yellow, suberect, thick setae on ventral surface of mid and hind tarsi; thickest towards distal margin. Off-white, dense appressed hairs on marginal zones of T1–T5; slightly sparser on lateral surface of propodeum. Discs of T2–T5 with pale-yellow, suberect, minute setae (mixed with fulvous, erect, moderately short setae on T4–T5); such hairs long on discs of S3–S6. S2 with off-white, erect, moderately short hairs, which are branched only apically.

Surface sculpture: Clypeal mid-longitudinal area and lower 1/4 longitudinally striate; convex area sparsely punctate. Malar area densely and moderately coarsely punctate on upper half (interspaces rugulose); substrigulate below. Supraclypeal area impunctate and smooth (except imbricate on lower 1/4). Lower paraocular area punctures crowded; interspaces rugulose. Upper paraocular area densely and moderately finely punctate; interspaces smooth and shiny. Frontal area punctures crowded; interspaces rugose and dull. Vertexal area minutely punctate anteriorly; coarser towards occipital area; interspaces smooth anteriorly, rugulose posteriorly. Mesoscutum and scutellum densely and moderately coarsely punctate (except mesoscutal mid-posterior area sparsely punctate on and scutellar posterior 1/4 punctures crowded); interspaces smooth and shiny throughout. Metanotum punctures crowded; interspaces rugulose. Mesepisternum punctures crowded above; densely punctate below; punctation comprised of coarse punctures intermingled with minute ones anteriorly. Metepisternum obliquely striate medially; rugose above; rugulose below. Lateral surface of propodeum finely punctate; interspaces smooth (except rugose posteriorly). Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum transversely striate medially. Metasomal terga minutely punctate; sparsely punctate on T1; denser elsewhere; interspaces smooth (except imbricate on T5). Metasomal sterna shallowly and moderately finely punctate; moderately densely punctate on S2; denser on S3–S4 and S6; densest on S5.

MALE ( Figs. 15B, 15D, 15F ). As in female, except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows:

Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 8.6–9.1; head width 3.0–3.2; head length 2.4–2.5; intertegular distance 2.2–2.4; forewing length 6.6–6.9.

Colouration: Tarsal claws pale-brown. Posterior 1/3 of S1–S5 dark-brown.

Structure: Labrum medially convex; convexity not margined by ridges. Clypeal mid-longitudinal area evenly narrowly (0.45x MOD) and shallowly depressed on upper 3/4. Malar area ~1.5x as long as basal depth of mandible (34:22). F1 nearly as long as its apical width (30:32). UID:LID (69:56). Genal area concave behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum 0.45x as long as metanotum (22:49). Posteromedial surface of front coxa without spine. Hind basitarsus 3.4x longer than broad (44:13). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws 1.7x as long as inner rami (22:13). Posterolateral area of S6 flat; marginal zone not depressed. S7, S8 and genital capsule as in Figs. 16A, 16B, 16C , respectively.

Pubescence: Lateral surface of propodeum with erect, long hairs; without appressed hairs. T1 with long pubescence. Marginal zones of S2–S5 with a line of plumose, erect, moderately short hairs.

Surface sculpture: Clypeal mid-longitudinal with well-delimited fine punctures; adjacent convex area impunctate; interspaces smooth throughout. Supraclypeal area with moderately coarse punctures. Vertexal interspaces smooth throughout. Lateral surface of propodeum with rugulose interspaces anteriorly. Metasomal terga moderately finely punctate.

Material studied. ARGENTINA—Neuquén: Neuquén, (-38.929, -68.092), 367m, 16/i/1954, [M.Senkute], 2♀♀ 1♂, { KUNHM} . Chubut: INTA Trevelin site 1, (-43.127, -71.562), 386m , 16/i/2006, [A.Gravel], 1♀ 1♂, { PCYU}; idem, except 23/xii/2006, 2♂♂; idem, except 20/xii/2006, [M. Hollmann ], 1♂ . INTA Trevelin site 2, (- 43.099, -71.542), 481m , 18/i/2007, [M.Gravel], 3♂♂, { PCYU}. CHILE — Region III: Chanchoquin , (-28.855, - 70.291), 1090m , 27/x/1980, [L.Peña], 1♂, { AMNH}. Fundo La Semilla , (-28.255, -69.638), 3355m , 17/xi/2003, [Parker & Irwin], 1♀, { BBSL}. Region IV: 7km N of Los Vilos , (-31.849, -71.493), 76m , 11/x/2003, [M.Irwin], 3♀♀ 11♂♂, { BBSL}; idem, except 11/xii/2003, 2♀♀ 7♂♂; idem, except 25/xii/2003, [Parker & Irwin], 2♀♀ 8♂♂. Hacienda Illapel , (-31.631, -71.158), 330m , 16/xi/1963, [Peña], 1♂, { AMNH}. La Serena , (-29.896, -71.253), 15m , 14/i/2000, 1♀, { PCYU}. Ñague , (-31.852, -31.515), 24m , 4/xi/1981, [L.Peña], 1♂, { AMNH}. Quebrada El Arrayán , (-30.104, -70.990), 469m , 21/xi/2003, [Irwin & Parker], 3♀♀, { BBSL}; idem, except 1/ix/2003, 1♂. Vicuña , (-30.022, -70.712), 668m , i/1998, [G.Castillo], 1♂, { AMNH}. Region V: El Canelo , (-33.575, -70.445), 865m , 29/xi/1954, [L.Peña], 1♂, { KUNHM}. Mantagua , (-32.937, -71.546), 85m , 30/i/1965, [E.Chiappa], 1♀, { PCYU}. Region Metropolitana: El Manzano , (-33.439, -70.634), 489m , 26/i/1984, [L.Peña], 1♀, { AMNH}. Peñalolén , (-33.482, -70.521), 821m , xi/1954, [L.Peña], 1♀, { KUNHM}. Santiago, (-33.433, -70.645), 551m , xii/ 1951, [L.Peña], 1♂, { KUNHM}. Region VI: Rancagua , (-34.187, -70.768), 505m , 1907, [P.Herbst], 1♂, { BBSL}. Region VII: Cauquenes , (-33.458, -70.572), 601m , 29/i/1955, [L.Peña], 1♀, { KUNHM}. NW of Laguna del Maule, (-35.550, -70.626), 2569m , 4/i/2009, [L.Packer], 1♂, { PCYU}. Tregualemu , (-35.946, -72.739), 55m , 25/i/ 1967, [E.Schlinger], 1♂, { EMEC}. Region VIII: 6km N of Cobquecura , (-36.084, -72.800), 122m , 29/i/1967, [Irwin & Stange], 1♂, { EMEC}. Las Trancas , (-36.913, -71.500), 1225m , 27/xii/2006, [L.Packer], 1♀, { PCYU}. Queuco , 11/i/1980, [Martinez], 1♂, { PUCV}. Region IX: Curacautín , (-38.433, -71.890), 529m , 16/xii/1987, [L.Peña], 1♀, { AMNH}. Loncoche , (-39.369, -72.640), 127m , i/1986, [U.Peña], 1♀ 1♂, { AMNH}. Lonquimay , (- 38.724, -72.601), 117m , i/1994, [L.Peña], 5♂♂, { AMNH}. Marimenuco , (-38.716, -71.100), 1175m , 10/xii/1959, [L.Peña], 3♂♂, {AMNH}.

Range. Argentina (Neuquén, Chubut), Chile (Regions III–IX). See also Fig. 3C .

Biogeographic distribution. Andean region: Central Chilean sub-region (Coquimban and Santiagan provinces); Subantarctic sub-region (Maule and Valdivian Forest provinces); Patagonian sub-region (Patagonian province). Central Chilean and western Argentinean species distributed at altitudes of 0–3400m a.s.l.

DNA barcode. Available. BOLD: ABA0478 (4♂♂), BOLD: ABA0479 (2♂♂). The distance between the northernmost (Region IV, Chile) and southernmost (Chubut, Argentina) records for BIN BOLD: ABA0478 is about 1250km. Besides, representatives of both BINs occur sympatrically in Chubut (see Table 1). Distance between BINs: 4.51–6.02. Distance from the nearest neighbour ( C. atripes ): 5.04–8.22%.

Floral hosts. Leguminosae— Trifolium repens L. (this paper).

Comments. Common species widely distributed in Chile. According to Toro (1999), C. cognatus visits a broad range of plant species, although the records have not been given.

The identity of C. cognatus was determined by comparing specimens previously identified by Toro with the original description. As he noted, intraspecific morphological variation in C. cognatus is very low throughout its geographic range ( Toro 1999). On the other hand, morphologically indistinguishable males—in terms of both external morphology and terminalia—collected in the same area at the same time have been assigned two distinct BINs, suggesting that variation in COI in C. cognatus is unusually high.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution by Colletes species. (A) C. alocochila and C. cyaniventris; (B) C. arthuri n. sp. and C. guanta; (C) C. atacamensis and C. cognatus. Scale bars approximately 300 km.

FIGURE 15. Colletes cognatus Spinola, 1851. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view; (E) habitus, dorsal view.Male:(B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontalview; (F) habitus, dorsal view.Scale bars = 2mm.

FIGURE 16. Dorsal view of the male terminalia of C. cognatus. (A) S7;(B) S8; (C) genital capsule.Scale bars = 1mm.