Hyptidinae

Harley, R. M. & Pastore, J. F. B., 2012, A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence, Phytotaxa 58 (1), pp. 1-55 : 6-7

Key to Genera of Hyptidinae

1. Anterior lip of corolla thickened at base and reflexing at anthesis to release the stamens explosively. Flowers arranged variously. Plants of tropical and subtropical America ............................................................................. 2

1*. Anterior lip of corolla not thickened at base, nor reflexing at anthesis to release stamens explosively. Flowers in slender, elongate spikes, arranged in sessile or subsessile verticillasters, often 2 per leaf-axil, 6−12-flowered. Plants of Mexico and Central America ................................................................................................. Asterohyptis

2. Cymes usually 1-flowered (rarely up to 3−6-flowered), flowers with often inconspicuous paired bracteoles at base of calyx, or if not as described, then flowering stems waxy with often inflated internodes ................................... 3

2*. Cymes usually many-flowered, flowers sometimes congested or modified into bracteate heads or capitula†, or in axillary fascicles. Paired bracteoles not present at base of calyx. Flowering stems never waxy or inflated .......... 6

3. Cymes up to 3−6-flowered, pedunculate, flowers shortly pedicellate, calyx lacking inconspicuous paired bracteoles at base ................................................................................................................................ Physominthe

3*. Cymes usually uniflorous and forming a raceme-like, often branched inflorescence, calyx with inconspicuous paired bracteoles at base, above a long or short peduncle (pseudo-pedicel), rarely some cymes 3-flowered and then pedicels long, slender ...................................................................................................................................... 4

4. Calyx in fruit zygomorphic, with lobes unequal, posterior lip rounded or with posterior lobes partly connate. Corolla at anthesis, with tube abruptly contracted near base, usually lilac, pink or violet, sometimes yellowish in bud ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5

4*. Calyx in fruit actinomorphic, or almost so, with subequal lobes. Corolla at anthesis, with tube not abruptly contracted at base, lilac or pale blue, cream, yellow or red ........................................................................ Hypenia

5. Calyx throat open, though sometimes closed by dense white hairs. Corolla tube often broadly campanulate or funnel-shaped. Base of style persistent, with stylopodium overtopping nutlets. Nutlets broad, slightly flattened or rarely winged .................................................................................................................................................. Eriope

5*. Calyx hygroscopic, throat closed by upper lobes when dry, lobes with a row of rigid hairs within. Corolla tube shortly and narrowly cylindrical. Stylopodium absent. Nutlets elongate, ±triquetrous .......................... Eriopidion

6. Flowers in lax, few-flowered cymes, or cymes many-flowered and then in ± spherical capituliform heads. Calyx lobes triangular, often reflexing in fruit. Gynoecium with persistent, short, quadrangular stylopodium equalling nutlets and attached to them until maturity. Nutlets cymbiform with an involute, laciniate margin and concave inner face ........................................................................................................................................... Marsypianthes

6*. Flowers arranged variously. Calyx lobes not reflexing in fruit. Stylopodium if present not as above. Nutlets ovoid or flattened, never concave nor laciniate................................................................................................................... 7

7. Flowers in a spherical capitulum, dropping as a unit in fruit. Corolla tubular, deep purple. Calyx with 5--10 unequal spines ....................................................................................................................................... Rhaphiodon

7*. Flowers not as above, if in a capitulum or a capituliform head not dropping as a unit in fruit. Calyx lobes 5, not spinose, but sometimes subulate and rigid at apex ................................................................................................. 8

8. Flowers sessile to subsessile, in an ovoid, hemispherical or globose capitulum or capituliform head, surrounded by a distinct involucre of filamentous, ligulate to ovate bracteoles; when filamentous these sometimes obscured when capitula globose at anthesis. Capitula often pedunculate, forming panicles or corymbs or sometimes axillary from reduced or leaflike bracts, rarely sessile and forming elongate spiciform inflorescences ............................. 9

8*. Flowers subsessile to long-pedicellate, variously arranged in a pedunculate or subsessile, congested or lax cyme but not in a capitulum, sometimes forming a long, spiciform inflorescence, or flowers in compact, cincinnate verticillasters or in fascicles, rarely solitary and then usually long-pedicellate, or in subumbellate, pedunculate or weakly globose cymes, bracteoles not forming an involucre, or if involucre present, bracteoles usually slender and enclosing a 10–15-flowered cymule or obscured in a dense, elongate broadly spiciform inflorescence ............. 13 9. Flowers in ovoid heads, sessile or pedunculate and often enclosed by broad concave bracteoles when immature. Corollas long tubular, with short lobes, not spotted or marked on upper lip ........................................ Oocephalus

9*. Flowers in hemispherical to globose capitula, with an involucre of ovate to ligulate, subulate or filamentous bracteoles. Corollas various, often spotted on upper lip ....................................................................................... 10

10. Calyx lobes 3–4 times longer than the slender tube and terminating in a long filamentous apex. Capitula globose with long filamentous involucral bracteoles ........................................................................................ Medusantha

10*. Calyx lobes shorter, filamentous to ovate, capitula hemispherical or globose ..................................................... 11

11. Capitula globose,> 10 mm diam., with filamentous or narrowly linear bracteoles which are often obscured by reflexing flowers at anthesis. Calyx tube usually strongly deflexed in mid-tube. Peduncles usually longer than adjacent internode .................................................................................................................................................. 12

11*. Capitula hemispherical, with involucre of subulate, ligulate or lanceolate to ovate bracteoles, these usually not reflexing at maturity, or if globose with calyx tube deflexed, then less than 10 mm diam. and peduncles shorter than adjacent internode ................................................................................................................................... Hyptis

12. Calyx lobes clavate, widening slightly near apex, stigma ± capitate. plants typical of cerrado and similar formations. ....................................................................................................................................... Cyanocephalus

12*. Calyx lobes subulate, never clavate, stigmas bilobed, plants of sandy areas in semi-arid regions ..... Martianthus

13. Stylopodium present, flowers in usually lax cymes. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs ........................... Hyptidendron

13*. Stylopodium absent, flowers disposed variously. Shrubs, subshrubs or herbs, rarely trees ................................. 14

14. Flowers sessile or subsessile, in few-flowered sessile cymes, with slender bracteoles, in the axils of reduced, inconspicuous bracts, forming slender, elongate, spiciform inflorescences. Calyx with ± scarious, deltoid flanges in sinus between calyx lobes, corolla tubular ......................................................................................... Leptohyptis

14*. Flowers arranged in fascicles in the axils of leaf-like bracts, or in sub-umbellate or congested, pedunculate cymes, or in globose verticillasters or cincinnate or few-flowered cymes, if inflorescence spiciform, usually not slender. Calyx lobes without flanges in sinus ..................................................................................................................... 15

15. Flowers in fascicles, rarely solitary or flowers few on long pedicels, in the axils of often leaf-like bracts, or in shortly pedunculate sub-umbels, often forming elongate, raceme-like inflorescences, or rarely panicles. Corolla never blue. In varied habitats, sometimes subject to inundation ................................................................. Condea

15*. Flowers not in fascicles or pedunculate sub-umbels.............................................................................................. 16

16. Flowers in a dense, head-like cyme, on a short peduncle from the axils of leaf-like bracts. Leaves small. Corolla blue or violet-blue. Shrubs of sandy, semi-arid areas in NE Brazil........................................................ Eplingiella

16*. Flowers not as above. Leaves and corolla various................................................................................................. 17

17. Flowers in dense subglobose or globose verticillasters, formed from congested cincinni, in the axils of reduced bracts, and forming an elongate, often interrupted or congested terminal spike, with leaves often developed toward base of flowering stem. Bracteoles setaceous, rigid and almost spine-tipped, calyx strongly deflexed in mid-tube ...................................................................................................................................................... Gymneia

17*. Flowers in cincinnate or shortly dichotomous cymes, but never forming subglobose verticillasters. Bracteoles various, but not as above. Calyx tube straight. ..................................................................................................... 18

18. Inflorescence usually an elongate spiciform or racemose thyrse. Flowers in pedunculate or sessile cymes, not forming cincinni, bracteoles ovate to lanceolate, often red-tinged and sometimes paleaceous, and often forming a small involucre around cymules, or bracts narrower, calyx lobes subequal or with posterior lobe broader ............. .................................................................................................................................................................... Cantinoa

18*. Inflorescence an elongate, spiciform thyrse or often a diffuse leafy panicle of pedunculate, often cincinnate cymes or shortly pedunculate, few-flowered cymes in axils of foliose bracts, or compact, long-pedunculate, shortly cincinnate cymes forming a globose head. Bracteoles inconspicuous, never forming an involucre Mesosphaerum