Curtonotum maculiventris ( Enderlein, 1917 )

Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. & Wiegmann, Brian M., 2013, <p> <strong> A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV — the continental Afrotropical species of <em> Curtonotum </ em> Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3684 (1), pp. 1-166 : 56-61

Curtonotum maculiventris ( Enderlein, 1917)

Figs 107 , 131 , 156, 157 , 161 , 167, 192, 195, 198, 201, 203, 204, 208, 211, 323.

Diplocentra maculiventris: Enderlein, 1917: 69 . Type locality: “ Eritrea: Asmara”. Type lost; neotype here designated: [ Tanzania]: “Nyassa-See, Langenburg”.

Curtonotum maculiventris: Tsacas (1977: 170) .

Curtonotum maculiventris: Wirth and Tsacas (1980: 672) .

Curtonotum maculiventris: Kirk-Spriggs (2008c: 251) .

= Cyrtonotum tigrinum Séguy, 1933: 35 , syn n. Type locality: “ Mozambique: Haut-Nhamapaza ”.

Curtonotum tigrinum: Tsacas (1977: 168 ; figs 12 a–f, p. 169).

Curtonotum tigrinum: Wirth and Tsacas (1980: 672) .

Curtonotum tigrinum: Meier et al. (1997: 10) .

Curtonotum tigrinum: Kirk-Spriggs (2007, figs 5–8).

Curtonotum tigrinum: Kirk-Spriggs (2008c: 251) .

Curtonotum tigrinum: Klymko and Marshall (2011: 8) .

Redescription: Male (based on field-pinned N-T).

Measurements: Overall length 7–7.7 mm; length of head and thorax combined 4.0– 4.9 mm; length of thorax and scutellum combined 3.7–3.9 mm; wing length 4.2–6.1 mm (n = 5, N-T).

Head ( Figs 107 , 131 , 156, 157 ). Eye height/length ratio: 17:9 (n = 1, N-T); frons ( Fig. 131 ) conspicuously projecting forwards at point of antennal insertion (viewed in profile), evenly parallel-sided, wider than long, frons length/width ratio: 12:14 (n = 1, N-T), ground colour pale dirty yellow, with 2 conspicuous red-brown vittae extending full length of frons, surface with minute inconspicuous brown setulae; orbital plates and ocellar triangle yellow-grey pruinose; ocelli clear grey with 6 minute dark setulae arranged in 2 closely-approximated regular rows between posterior ocelli; orbital plates short, only extending from vertex of head to ⅓ length of frons; lateral margins with narrow silver pruinose fascia (adjacent to eye margin), widest at antennal insertions; orbital setae inserted proximal to one another; posterior orbital seta moderately strong, slightly outcurved, shorter than lateral vertical seta, with tiny proclinate medial orbital seta inserted antero-medially to socket of posterior orbital seta; anterior orbital seta strong, slightly shorter than ocellar setae; ocellar setae same thickness, extending 4 / 5 length of frons; lateral vertical seta slightly shorter than medial; postocellar setae strong, cruciate, shorter than lateral vertical seta; antennal scape and pedicel dirty pale brown, flagellomere 1 concolourous with pedicel basally, darkened apically, grey pruinose, longer than wide, apex bluntly-pointed, arista with 14–15 long, closely approximated dorsal branches and 4 ventral branches in addition to terminal fork; lunule and face uniform silver-grey pruinose throughout, face with broad silver fascia (between eye margin and ptilinal fissure), facial carina developed as a low medially impressed ridge, extending full length of face, clypeus brown; 1 pair weak vibrissae inserted on posterior lateral margin and 13 much finer setae bordering genal groove; occiput silver to grey pruinose with strong, black postocular setae; gena very wide, eye height/genal height ratio: 17:2 (n = 1, N-T), silver pruinose, with dark macula at basal angle; palpus brown, brown microtrichose.

Thorax ( Fig. 107 ). Silver to grey pruinose, with four wide, parallel chestnut-brown pruinose vittae on dorsal surface, 2 median vittae extending full length, 2 lateral vittae shorter, extending from ⅔ length to region of posterior dorsocentral seta socket, 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae, posterior long and strong (shorter than lateral scutellar seta), anterior shorter and finer (ca. ½ length of posterior); 1 pair acrostichal setae same length as anterior dorsocentral seta; presutural seta moderately strong, reclinate, weaker and shorter than posterior notopleural seta; 2 notopleural setae of similar length; 1 strong, reclinate supra-alar seta same length as posterior dorsocentral seta; 2 strong reclinate postalar setae slightly shorter than posterior dorsocentral seta; postpronotum silver-grey pruinose, with 3 strong postpronotal setae, the more dorsal as long and strong as anterior notopleural seta, medial slightly longer and stronger than presutural seta, ventral less than ½ length of medial, with 28 finer black-brown setulae; anepisternum silver-grey pruinose with 3 strong anepisternal setae and 2 moderately strong intermediate setae, surface with 28 fine setulae scattered across surface; laterotergite and meron silver-grey pruinose, glabrous; katepisternum silver-grey pruinose, with 2 katepisternal setae, the more ventral strong, slightly dorsally-directed, the more dorsal much smaller and finer, ca. ⅓ length of ventral katepisternal setae, surface with 14 very short, fine setulae at base and along posterior margin.

Scutellum (Fig. 167). Silver-grey pruinose as on mesonotum, with faint medial brown pruinose vitta basally; disk clothed in black, irregular, overlapping setulae; 2 pairs of strong scutellar setae, with variable number of weaker basal and intermediate scutellar setulae.

Legs. Fore coxa silver-grey pruinose with 2 moderately strong, brown, ventrally-directed preapical setae and comb of finer setulae medially, with 5 brown setulae on anterior surface; mid and hind coxae silver-grey pruinose, mid-coxa with 2 very strong, lateral, ventrally-directed, black setae and comb of finer setae medially and 4 brown setulae; hind coxa with 1 weaker lateral black seta and 3 or 4 brown setulae; femora, tibia and tarsi uniform dirty yellow; fore tibia with 4–6 strong setae on lateral margin, their relative sizes variable, with ctenidium of 17 long, sharp, black spinules, closely-packed, separated from each other by 1 basal spinule width.

Wing ( Fig. 161 ). Long, relatively narrow, tip evenly-rounded, veins chestnut-brown, membrane very faintly infuscate brown throughout, very slightly darker in region of dm–cu crossvein; costa with prominent costal spines in basal 4 / 5 from costal break; dm–cu crossvein with medial angle; cua 1 relatively long and narrow; anal fold extending less than ½ length of cua 1; halter dirty yellow.

Abdomen ( Fig. 107 ). Ground colour of tergites 1–5 silver-yellow to grey pruinose, clothed in relatively long black, overlapping setulae, arranged in regular rows, those at apical margins longer and stronger; tergite 1 simple, devoid of maculae; tergite 2 with oblique, subquadrate brown-black pruinose dorsolateral macula on either side only; tergites 3–5 with narrow, median fascia and well-separated and reduced concolourous subelliptical dorsolateral macula, lateral margin of tergites 2–5 with subtriangular maculae in basal ½; sternite 6 ( Fig. 192 ) transverse, subquadrate, with reduced brown macula laterally, clothed in short black irregular brown setulae, those at apical margin longer and more prominent, with pair of preapical divergent medial setae; tergites 6 and 7 present, although weakly defined.

Terminalia ( Figs 195, 198, 201 ). Hypandrium ( Fig. 195 , hy) extremely long and narrow, dorsobasal lobe only marginally wider (viewed laterally), posterior bridge formed by strikingly asymmetric large, quadrate, slightly concave plate; hypandrial arms converging apically and adjoining postgonites, no setulae proximal to postgonite, medial lobes (viewed dorsally) sclerotised basally, membranous, except on lateral margins; postgonite (pg) long, thin and straight, closely approximated and fused basally, with apex upturned, hook-like; epandrium (ep) broader ventrally than dorsally (viewed laterally), straight on dorsal and posterior margins, ventral margin with extensive row of long, regular to irregular, apically-directed setae; cercus (ce) elliptical, moderately prominent, without elongate fused ventral process, longest setae as long as longest setae on ventral margin of epandrium; surstylus (ss) short, broad and scale-like, coming to blunt point; phallus (as in Figs 198 , ph, bp, dp, lw; 201, lw, dp) strongly recurved apically, heavily sclerotised, brown; phallapodeme ( Fig. 198 , ph) only partially fused to basiphallus (connected on dorsal margin only), subtriangular (viewed laterally), with basal margin developed into 2 large lateral lobes, bifurcated at point of connection with hypandrium; ejaculatory apodeme (ea) flat, subtriangular, inserted proximal to phallapodeme; basiphallus (bp) broad and regular for most of its length; apical section ( Fig. 201 , dp, lw) with acutely angled internal projection and conspicuous lateral wing with broad angulate baso-lateral projection with serrated margin and narrow black spine; distiphallus ( Figs 198, 201 , dp) divided into two elements a baso-ventral process and apico-dorsal process with complex arrangement of projections as illustrated.

♀ Similar to ♂, except in the following respects: wing length 4.9–6.2 mm (n = 5, N-T). Postabdomen ( Figs 203, 204 ); sternite 8 (s8) weakly sclerotised and reduced; sternite 10 (s10) dorsoventrally flattened throughout, undivided; tergite 10 (t10 + ce) fused to fused cercus, with long terminal setulae, auxiliary sclerites in region of sternite 7 as illustrated in Fig. 208 ); and stermathecae illustrated in Fig. 211 .

Variation. As with C. herrero Tsacas (see below), this species exhibits an extreme range of sizes, with the smallest specimen examined having a wing length of only 4.2 mm (normal range 5.8–6.1 mm).

Differential diagnosis. Curtonotum maculiventris is mainly separable from its congeners, C. herrero and C. striatifrons , on head shape (compare Figs 154–159 ), form of the terminalia, especially the shape of the distiphallus, the lateral wing of the basiphallus ( Figs 197–202 ) and of sternite 6 ( Figs 191–193 ) (see above key for details). Females of the three species can be separated on the shape of the auxiliary sclerites in the region of sternite 7 ( Figs 207–209 ) and the shape and structure of fine protuberances on the spermatheca ( Figs 210–212 ).

Type material examined. Curtonotum maculiventris , [ TANZANIA]: neotype ♂ (here designated), “ Nyassa-See / Langenburg [= Lumbira] / IV.[18]99 / Fülleborn S. [printed & handwritten; blue card] // Diplocentra / maculiventris / Enderl. ♂ / Dr.Enderlein det.1920 [handwritten & printed] // Zool. Mus. / Berlin // NEOTYPE / Diplocentra / maculiventris Enderlein, 1917 / designated by / A. H. Kirk-Spriggs 2008 [printed; blue card]” ( ZMHB). In fair condition, some setae on thorax missing, basal section of right wing and right mid tarsus damaged; direct-pinned; dissected, abdomen and terminalia in micro-vial pinned beneath specimen .

Curtonotum tigrinum , MOZAMBIQUE: holotype ♀, “MUSÉUM PARIS / MOZAMBIQUE / HAUT NHAMAPAŻA / FORÉT / S. DE MARINGOUÉ [= Maringüe] / P. LESNE 1929 [printed; pale blue card, black border] // Crottin frais / d’éléphant / 10 juin [handwritten] // TYPE [printed in red] // Cyrtonotum / tigrinum ♀ / type / E. SÉGUY det. 1933 [handwritten & printed] // HOLOTYPE [printed in black; red card] // Curtonotum ♀ / tigrinum Séguy, 1933 / A.H. Kirk-Spriggs vidit 2006” (MNHN). In good condition, right and left mid tarsus missing, right and left hind tarsus damaged; direct-pinned; dissected, abdomen and terminalia in micro-vial pinned beneath specimen. Paratypes (both labelled: “ Curtonotum ♀ / tigrinum Séguy, 1933 / A.H. Kirk-Spriggs vidit 2006”): MOZAMBIQUE: 1♀, same labels as holotype except: “11 Juin // PARATYPE [printed in black; red card] // Curtonotum / tigrinum Séguy / Paratype (cotype) / L. Tsacas 1976” (MNHN); 1 ♀, “MUSÉUM PARIS /

ZAMBÉZE / BAS SANGADZÉ / PINDIRI A CHEMBA / P. LESNE 1929 [printed; pale blue card, black border] / / 7 AVRIL // Cyrtonotum / tigrinum ♀ / cotype / E. SEGUY det. 1933 [handwritten & printed]” (both MNHN).

Remarks. Enderlein (1917: 69) described Diplocentra maculiventris based on a single ♀ specimen citing (p. 70) “Nordostafrika. Eritrea. Asmara. Dezember 1907. 1 ♀ gesammelt von Kristensen.” as the Type locality and noting, “ Type im Stettiner Zoologischen Museum.” The type specimen was transferred to the Polish Academy of Sciences from the Stettiner Zoologischen Museum following World War II. Tsacas (1977: 170–171, as Curtonotum ) examined the type for his revision of the genus Curtonotum stating “The type of this species is deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, and was put at our disposal by Dr E. Nikolajcsyk [sic = Mikolajczyk] ... Study of the type allows us to place maculiventris in the striatifrons - group. It is virtually impossible to differentiate it from striatifrons and tigrinum . The identity of this species can therefore not be confirmed until corresponding male material is located” (translation M. De Meyer).

The type specimen of Diplocentra maculiventris is missing from MZPW (W. Tomaszewska, pers. comm. 2006), although a name for that species is present in the original drawer of specimens transferred from Stettin. Moreover, there is no record of the type specimen having been transferred to the MZPW from Stettin in the catalogue by Kleine, or of the specimen having been loaned subsequent to Tsacas’ examination. It must be concluded therefore, that the specimen is lost and a neotype is here designated in accordance with Articles 75.3.4 and 75.1 of ICZN, in order to fix the identity of the name .

A male in the ZMHB, bearing the labels “Nyassa-See, Langenburg, IV.99, Fülleborn S. Diplocentra maculiventris ♂ Dr Enderlein det. 1920” is proposed as neotype. Although Enderlein’s identification of this specimen post-dates the appearance of the description of Diplocentra maculiventris by three years, it is the only specimen located bearing an Enderlein Diplocentra maculiventris det. label. This specimen is identical with the three ♀ types of Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy, 1933 (in MNHN), and to Tsacas’ (1977) supplementary description and illustrations of the male. As the description of Curtonotum maculiventris ( Enderlein, 1917) , predates that of Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy, 1933 , the latter is placed as a junior synonym.

Additional material examined (all labelled: “ Curtonotum maculiventris ( Enderlein, 1917) ♂ [or ♀] det. A.H. Kirk-Spriggs 2006”): BOTSWANA: 1♂, 1♀, Botswana (B22), R. Semowane, 20°25'S, 26°23'E, 23–24.iv.1972, Southern African Exp. B.M.1972–1, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976 (BMNH). [ BURUNDI]: 2♂, 1♀, Musée du Congo, Urundi: Rumonge, 1934, A. Lestrade, BM, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 197[6] (RMCA). [ CHAD]: 1♀, Muséum Paris, Kiem-Kaga ou Kiembaga (Région Boisée) [= Kiemkaga], Mission Chari-Tchad, Dr. J. Decorse, Mai 1904, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1977 (MNHN). CÔTE D’IVOIRE: 1♀, Museum Paris, Côte d’Ivoire, Laguna d’Ebrié [= Legune Ebrie], Pouillot, 1912, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1977 (MNHN). [ DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO] ( ZAÏRE): 1♂, 1♀, Coll. Mus. Congo, Tanganyika: Moba, 780 m, VIII-X.1953, H. Bomans, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976 (RMCA). [ MALAWI]: 1♂, 1♀, Florence Bay, Lake Nyasa, 5.xi.07, Capt. Hardy Coll. R.A.M.C., 1908.90 [♂ labelled: Curtonotum striatifrons Mall. 13 ex. det. J.C. Deeming 1965], Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976; 1♀, Brit. Centr. Africa, Upper Shire [= Mangochi], 1,500 ft., 20.i.1906, E.L. Rhoades, 1907–147, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976; 1♀, Brit. Centr. Africa, [no locality], 1907, Dr. J.E.S. Old, 1907– 348, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976 (all BMNH); 3♂, 1♀, Brit. Centr. Africa, Fort Johnston, 1,500 ft., 13.iii.1906, E.L. Rhoades, 1907–147, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976 (3♂, 1♀ BMNH; 1♂ MNHN). NIGERIA: 4♂, 1♀, N. Nigeria, River Bagel at crossing of Bauchi-Dass road, 3.iv.1990, J.C. Deeming, roosting in moist cave in bank of dry river, NMW.1981–001 [1♂ labelled Curtonotum striatifrons Malloch ♂ det. J.C. Deeming 1990] (NMWC). SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, 1♀, South Africa, Transvaal, Kruger Park, 9.xii.1972, Timbavati River banks riparian bush, road S-39, B. & P. Stuckenberg, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976 [♂ head missing]; 2♂, 1♀, South Africa, Transvaal, Kruger Park, xii.1972, Sabie River 4 Km E Skukuza, Ficus gallery forest, 2431Dc, B. & P. Stuckenberg, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976 [♀ head missing]; 1♂, So. Africa, Transvaal, Pafuri, N, Kruger Nl. Pk., 22–23.iv.1981, 22°27'S, 31°17'E, nr. Levuhu Riv., R.M. Miller & P.A. Stabbins; 1♂, S. Africa, Transvaal, Ofcolaco, Selati River, SE2430Ab, 7–8.xii.1976, R. Miller [not plotted on Fig. 323 ] (all NMSA); 1♀, S. Afr., N. Tvl, Phalaborwa, 23°57'S, 31°05'E, xii.1989, S. Vokes (AMGS); 1♂, South Africa, Natal, Mtubatuba, 24–25.iii.1968, Paul J. Spangler, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1973 (USNM); 2♀, M’fongosi, Zululand, W.E. Jones, Mar.–Apr. 1934 (SAMC); 1♂, South Africa, TVL, Kruger Nat. Park, Pafuri, 22.26S 31.12E, 29.i.1984, M.W. Mansell, Collected at light, Curtonotidae , Curtonotum cuthbertsoni Duda (PPRI) . SUDAN: 2♂, 1♀, Sudan, Roseires, 16.v.1944, Sudan Govt., Com. Inst. Ent. Coll. No. 11245, Cyrtonotum striatifrons Mall. van Emden det. 1949, Pres. by Com. Inst. Ent. B.M.1950–323, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976 [1♂ head missing] (BMNH). [ TANZANIA]: 1♂, 2♀, Nyassa-See, Langenburg [= Lumbira], IV.[18]99, Fülleborn S; 3♂, 1♀, same except: V.[18]98; 1♀, same except: Ende III.–Ant IV.[18]98; 1♂, same except: Ende IV.[18]98 (all ZMHB); 1♀, East Africa: Dar-es-Salaam, 14.i.1918, A.W.J. Pomeroy, 1919–276, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976; 1♂, Tanzania, [no locality], 19, Ex Coll. W.H. Potts, B.M. 1967–472, 6412, Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976 (both BMNH). [ ZIMBABWE]: 2♂, 1♀, S. Rhodesia, Chipinda Pools [= Chipinga], Lower Lundi R., Tsetse Fly Ops., 28.x.1960, R. Goodier [1♂ labelled: 1377; 1♂ labelled: 1378; ♀ labelled: 1379], Curtonotum tigrinum Séguy L. Tsacas det. 1976 [♀ head missing]; same except: 2♂, 25.x.1960, 1343; 1♂, 21.x.1960, 1319; 1♂, 22.x.1960, 1335; 1♀, 23.x.1960, 1337 (all BMNH); 1♂, Zimbabwe, Zambezi, 16°08'S, 30°15'E, SE Angwa Bridge M3, Sept. 1988, leg. J. Weyrich, Curtonotum tigrinum Ség. ♂ det. Schacht, Zoologische Staatssammlung München; 1♀, Zimbabwe, Zambezi, 16°10'S, 29°25'E, Rukometje-Res. St. RM2, Juni 1988, leg. J. Weyrich, Zoologische Staatssammlung München (both ZSM).

Distribution. Botswana, Burundi, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania and Zimbabwe ( Fig. 323 ). A species largely confined to medium to high elevations between ca. 801–1200 m, although there are two isolated coastal records.

Bionomics. Occurring in 13 habitat types; predominantly in Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands, with records from Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests and Montane Grasslands vegetation types (Appendix III). Collected at light and from fresh dung of the African Bush Elephant in Mozambique and roosting in a moist cave in a dry riverbank in Nigeria. Tsacas (1977: 147, as C. tigrinum ) further notes a report by Stuckenberg (in lit.) that in the Kruger National Park, South Africa “… [the species] was found to live in burrows in the ground occupied by warthogs, and seemed invariably to be present in such burrows, resting on the walls a few feet down from the entrance.”

Figures

FIGURE 323. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Topographical: C. herrero, C. maculiventris and C. striatifrons.

FIGURES 106–111. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 106. C. herrero (N- T, Namibia, Amkarub 269, NMNW). 107. C. maculiventris (N-T, [Zimbabwe], Chipinda Pools, BMNH). 108. C. striatifrons (LT, Chad, Bahr el Ghazal, BMNH). 109. C. marriott sp. n. (PT, Cameroon, Kriba (beach), TAU). 110. C. moffatt sp. n. (PT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 111. C. platyphallum (♀ N-T, Liberia, 8 mi. NW Zorzor, CAS). Not to scale.

FIGURES 130–141. Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 130. C. herrero (N-T, Namibia, Amkarub 269, NMNW). 131. C. maculiventris (N-T, [Zimbabwe], Chipinda Pools, BMNH). 132. C. striatifrons (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 133. C. marriott sp. n. (♀ PT, Cameroon, Kriba (beach), TAU). 134. C. moffatt sp. n. (PT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 135. C. platyphallum (♀ N-T, Liberia, 8 mi. NW Zorzor, CAS). 136. C. angolense (PT, Angola, 10 mi. NE Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 137. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 138. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mnts., TAU). 139. C. hay sp. n. (PT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 140. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mnts., TAU). 141. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). Not to scale.

FIGURES 154–159. Head of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 154. C. herrero, frontolateral view (N-T, Namibia, Amkarub 269, NMNW). 155. Same, lateral view. 156. C. maculiventris, frontolateral view (N-T, S. Rhodesia [= Zimbabwe], Chipinda Pools, BMNH). 157. Same, lateral view. 158. C. striatifrons, frontolateral view (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 159. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 160–165. Wing of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 160. C. herrero (N-T, Namibia, Amkarub 269, NMNW). 161. C. maculiventris (N-T, S. Rhodesia [= Zimbabwe], Chipinda Pools, BMNH). 162. C. striatifrons (♀ LT, Sudan, Bal el Ghanal, BMNH). 163. C. marriott sp. n. (♀ PT, Cameroon, Kriba beach, TAU). 164. C. moffatt sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 165. C. platyphallum (HT, Liberia, Robertsport, AMNH). 166–171. Scutellum of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 166. C. herrero (same). 167. C. maculiventris (same). 168. C. striatifrons (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 169. C. marriott (same). 170. C. moffatt (♀ PT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 171. C. platyphallum (same). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 191–202. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 191–193. Sternite 6 (ventral view). 191. C. herrero (N- T, Namibia, Amkarab 269, NMNW). 192. C. maculiventris (N-T, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 193. C. striatifrons (PT, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 194–196. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 194. C. herrero (same). 195. C. maculiventris (same). 196. C. striatifrons (same). 197–199. Phallus (right lateral view). 197. C. herrero (same) [ejaculatory apodeme removed and illustrated dorsally]. 198. C. maculiventris (same). 199. C. striatifrons (same). 200–202. Detail of distiphallus (ventral view). 200. C. herrero (same). 201. C. maculiventris (same). 202. C. striatifrons (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 203–217. Females of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 203–206. Postabdomen. 203. C. maculiventris (lateral) (N-T, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC) [not fully distended]. 204. Same (ventral). 205. C. striatifrons (lateral) (N-T, Sudan, Roseires, MNHN) [t7 distorted]. 206. Same (ventral). 207–209. Auxiliary sclerites in region of sternite 7. 207. C. herrero. 208. C. maculiventris. 209. C. striatifrons. 210–217. Spermatheca/e of Curtonotum spp. 210. C. herrero. 211. C. maculiventris. 212. C. striatifrons. 213. C. marriott sp. n. (PT, Cameroon, Kribi (beach), TAU). 214. C. moffatt sp. n. (PT, Uganda, Katona, HNHM). 215. C. platyphallum (N-T, Liberia, 8 mi. N.W. Zorzor, CAS). 216. C. helvum (N-T, [Canada], Sandbanks P.P., Picton, DEBU). 217. C. anus (lateral) (Israel, Park HaYarden, TAU). (Figs 207–212 from Tsacas (1977), figs 5e, 12e, 11e, 5d, 12f and 11d respectively; figs 12f and 12e as C. tigrinum). Scale bars: 203–206 = 1 mm; 207–212 = 0.2 mm; 213–217 = 50 µm.