Agraphydrus decipiens Minoshima, Komarek & Ôhara, 2015

Komarek, Albrecht & Hebauer, Franz, 2018, Taxonomic revision of Agraphydrus Régimbart, 1903 I. China and Taiwan (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae), Zootaxa 4452 (1), pp. 1-101 : 36-44

Agraphydrus decipiens Minoshima, Komarek & Ôhara, 2015

(Figs. 20, 53, 71, 98, 140)

Agraphydrus decipiens Minoshima, Komarek & Ôhara, 2015: 44 .

Type locality. Taiwan, Taichung City, Heping Distr., Basian Shan National Forest Recreation Area , 24°11.55'N 121°00.83'E.

Type material examined: Paratypes: TAIWAN: Hualien County: 1 ex. ( NMW): Hwalien, Nanan Fall, 27.3.1993, leg. M.L. Jeng ; 1 ex. (NMW): Hwalien, Tailuker, 6.11.1992, leg. Chou & Wang; 1 ex. (NMW): Hwalien, Shanfong, 26.III.1993, leg. M.L. Jeng; Kaohsiung City: 1 ex. ( NMW) : Kaohsiung, Meishan , 1.XI.1992, Weijin str., leg. Jeng & Chou. Nantou County: 1 ex. ( NMW) , Nantou, Thungpu , 18.IX.1992, leg. M.L. Jeng ; New Taipei City: 8 exs. ( NMW) : Taipei, Wulai , 8.IX.1993, leg. M.L. Jeng ; 5 exs. ( NMW): Taipei, Wulai , 9.IX.1993, leg. S.W. Loh ; 1 ex. ( NMW): Taipei, Wulai , 20.III.1995, leg. C.F. Lee ; 1 ex. ( NMW): Taipei, Wulai , waterfall, 11.IV.1995, leg. L.J. Wang ; Taichung City: 5 exs. ( NMW) : Taitung Hsien, Hsinkangshan above Chengkung , 800 m a.s.l., 27.IV.1995, leg. A. Smetana “T168”; 2 exs. ( NMW) : Taitung Hsien, Hsinkangshan above Chengkung , 800 m a.s.l., 17.IV.1998, A. Smetana & L. Robillard “T180”; 19 exs. ( NMW) : Taitung Hsien, Hsinkangshan above Chengkung , 800 m a.s.l., 18.IV.1998, leg. A. Smetana “T183” ; Taoyuan County: 1 Ƌ ( NMW) , Taoyuan, Fuhsing Gauyaw , 30.IX.1995, leg. L.J. Wang ; Yilan County: 4 exs. ( NMW): Ilan, Chiaochi, 5.III.1989, leg. C.F. Lee ; 2 exs. ( NMW): Ilan Hsien, Jaohsi , III.1989, leg. C.F. Lee “36”.

Additional material examined: TAIWAN: New Taipei City : 1 ex. ( NMP): Taipei, Wulai , 11.IV.1995, leg. L.J. Wang ; 19 exs. ( NHM, NMP, NMW); Taipei Hsien, Sanhsia , small waterfall [two labels with additional note: 24°51'21''N 121°24'33''E, 250 m], 16.III.1996, leg. L. J. Wang ; 1 ex. ( NMW): Taipei, Sanhsia, Tsouhe , 18.IV.1995, leg. L.J. Wang ; 13 exs. ( NHM, NMP, NMW): Kaohsiung : Kaohsiung [Prov.], Longtoushan, [three labels indicating “ Naolin ” instead of “ Kaohsiung ”], 360 m a.s.l., 7. II.1995, leg. L.J. Wang ; 1 ex. ( NMW): Kaohsiung, Shanping , 640 m a.s.l., 21.̄ 30.IV.1988, leg. C. Young, R. Davidson, J . Rawlins; Taichung : 1 ex. ( NMP): Taichung county, Heping Distr., Bashianshan Mts., Songhe village , stony stream bed above hiking entry of Songhe , 24.17694°N 120.98858°E, 722 m a.s.l., on wet rocks and among gravel at side of the stony stream, 5.I.2018, Fikáček, Liang & Hsiao, 2018̄TW04.

Differential diagnosis. This species shares broad body shape, four rows of very distinct elytral systematic punctures reaching anterior margin of elytra, evenly excised anterior clypeal margin, absence of clypeal microsculpture, and unicolored palpomeres with A. fikaceki , A. luteilateralis , A. malayanus , and A. thaiensis . It shares shining black dorsal coloration with A. thaiensis , and very fine pronotal and elytral ground punctation with A. malayanus . It differs from A. malayanus and A. thaiensis by distinctly minor size and features of aedeagus. Very similar to A. luteilateralis regarding size (body length not exceeding 2.5 mm), eight-segmented antennae, reduced metafemoral pubescence, and features of aedeagus (parameres distinctly bending mesad apically), differing by black (versus brown) dorsal coloration, more numerous elytral systematic punctures, and shape of mesoventral process. It differs from A. fikaceki by body shape (elytra attenuating), deep black (versus dark yellow) coloration, very fine ground punctation, and features of aedeagus. It shares very similar aedeagus also with A. politus and A. insidiator , differing by four rows of elytral systematic punctures. It shares metafemoral pubescence restricted to basal half with A. reductus , differing by larger size, distinct elytral systematic punctures, emarginated abdominal ventrite 5, and features of aedeagus.

Description. Total length: 2.1̄ 2.5 mm; elytral width: 1.2̄ 1.5 mm; E.I.: 1.2, P.I.: 2.0̄2.1, elytra 2.8̄3.0× as long as pronotum. Habitus broad, elytra weakly attenuating posterior to midlength, strongly convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus and frons black, preocular patches absent; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum black with slight dark reddish brown sheen and with very narrow yellowish margins; elytra black with yellowish, undefined, posterior region and lateral margins; ventrites and legs dark brown to black.

Head (Fig. 53). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 4.2, lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 2.3; microsculpture absent; ground punctures fine, weakly impressed, interspaces 2̄3× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes moderately large, but not protruding. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 71) moderately slender, 0.9× as long as pronotum in midline, 0.8× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.1̄1.3, palpomere 4 almost symmetrical. Mentum with some very fine punctures.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on head and pronotum; systematic punctures very distinct, arranged in four rows, reaching anterior margin, lateral series more irregular than mesal series, additional irregular series present along lateral margin, abbreviated anteriorly; few coarse interserial punctures present. Mesoventrite with strong mesal process, U-shaped anteriorly, rising to pointed elevation posteriorly (detailed description and SEM images of meso- and metaventrite in Minoshima, Komarek & Ôhara 2015).

Legs (Fig. 98). Pubescence present on slightly more than proximal half of pro- and mesofemur, on slightly less than proximal half of metafemur; hairline oblique on profemur, straight on meso- and metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with shallow emargination, 10 µm deep.

Aedeagus (Fig. 140). Length: 0.34̄ 0.37 mm. Phallobase about as long as wide, almost rectangularly bending towards moderately wide, distinctly delimited manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face almost reaching manubrium in midline. Parameres wide basally, with weakly sigmoid margins, tapering apicad; apex narrowly rounded, asymmetrical, distinctly bending mesad; base of dorsal face reaching distal fourth of phallobase; ventral face distinctly shorter than dorsal face. Median lobe moderately wide, fingershaped; apex bluntly rounded, not reaching apex of parameres; ventral face slightly shorter than dorsal face; corona located in apical third; basal apophyses moderately long, slightly inclining laterad, extending to distal third of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between 250 and 920 m a.s.l.; hygropetric, on wet rocks, in waterfalls, and on wet cement.

Distribution. Taiwan.

Agraphydrus fasciatus sp. n.

(Figs. 21, 54, 72, 99, 141)

Type locality. China, Hong Kong Admin. Reg., New Territories, Plover Cove RESERVOIR ( CWBS 4).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( NMW): “ HONG KONG (3) 1992 \ N.T. - Plover C. Res. \ 25.VI., leg. Jäch ” . Paratypes: CHINA : Hong Kong: 1 ex. ( NMW): same sampling data; 3 ♀♀ ( NMW): Lantau Island , 26.VI. 1992, leg. M. Jäch “6” ; Guangdong: 11 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 453 ; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 459; 1 ex. (NMW): CWBS 460; 1 Ƌ (NMW): CWBS 451; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 494; Jiangxi: 1 Ƌ ( NMP) : Jiangxi Prov., Jinggangshan Mts., Shuangxikou (river valley), 26°31.4'N 114°11.3'E, 411 m a.s.l., “exposed wet rocks with algae, moss and fallen leaves at side of stony river”, 24.IV.2011, leg. M. Fikáček, J. Hájek, F. –L. Jia & Song, “MF02”.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with four rows of elytral systematic punctures, absence of clypeal microsculpture, unicolored maxillary palpomeres, wide-stretched metafemoral pubescence, and eight-segmented antennae, together with A. fujianensis , A. longipenis , A. niger , A. wangmiaoi , and A. yunnanensis . Apical emargination on abdominal ventrite 5 present or absent. It shares small eyes and presence of mesoventral carina with A. fujianensis and A. niger . It differs from A. fujianensis by longer maxillary palpi in relation to pronotum and clypeus, from A. wangmiaoi by broad body shape, larger size (body length: 2.0̄ 2.4 mm; A. wangmiaoi : 1.7 mm), and smaller eyes (lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 2.6; A. wangmiaoi = 1.5̄1.6); from A. niger by brown (versus black) pronotum and elytra. Agraphydrus yunnanensis and A. longipenis have larger eyes, differing also by length ratio of palpomeres, and absence of mesoventral carina. It differs from all species of Agraphydrus by shape of parameres.

Description. Total length: 2.0̄ 2.4 mm; elytral width: 1.2̄ 1.3 mm; E.I.: 1.1̄1.3, P.I.: 2.1, elytra 2.8× as long as pronotum. Habitus broad, evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum with light brown anterior margin and dark brown posterior portion in most cases; clypeus and frons black, with preocular yellowish patches, about as wide as diameter of eye or slightly wider, but smaller than diameter of eye in dark individuals; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum yellowish brown, unicolored, or with undefined dark brown mesal area of variable extension, comprising almost entire clypeus (in some individuals from Jiangxi Province; elytra light brown with weakly defined dark brown horizontal band in midlength or unicolored black; ventrites and legs dark brown to black.

Head (Fig. 54). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin, small median notch present in some individuals; C.I.: 3.9, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 2.6; microsculpture absent; ground punctures fine, interspaces 1̄2× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes small, not protruding, slightly oblong. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 72) slender, 1.2× as long as pronotum in midline, 1.0̄1.1× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.1̄1.2, palpomere 4 almost symmetrical. Mentum with some fine punctures on lateral portion, without microsculpture.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as fine as on head, interspaces 2× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation fine, very slightly coarser than on pronotum, interspaces as wide as punctures; systematic punctures indistinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows 1̄3 with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with a very low median carina in posterior 2/3.

Legs (Fig. 99). Pubescence present on proximal 3/4 of profemur with oblique hairline, with larger extension and straight to slightly curved hairlines on meso- and metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with very flat apical emargination, or emargination absent (in some specimens from Guangdong).

Aedeagus (Fig. 141). Length: 0.31 mm. Phallobase slightly longer than parameres, abruptly bending towards triangular, pointed manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face distinct, reaching manubrium in midline. Parameres wide basally, almost straight in basal 2/3, bending mesad in apical third, tapering towards very narrowly rounded apex; base of dorsal face almost reaching halflength of phallobase; ventral face shorter than dorsal face. Median lobe narrow; margins almost parallel-sided, apex blunt, not reaching apex of parameres; corona in subapical position; basal apophyses short, inclining laterad, extending to halflength of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between sea level and 460 m a.s.l. in streams and rivers flowing through degraded forests and cultivated land; in stagnant section (artificial lake) of a river with submerged vegetation in dense forest; in river on exposed wet rocks with algae, moss and leaves.

Distribution. China (Guangdong, Hong Kong, Jiangxi).

Etymology. fasciatus (Lat.) = banded, striped. The name refers to the coloration of the elytra with horizontal bands.

Agraphydrus fikaceki sp. n.

(Figs. 22, 55, 100, 142)

Type locality. China, Jiangxi Prov., Jinggangshan Mts., Pingshui Shan , 26°30.4'N 114°06.9'E.

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( NMP): “ CHINA: Jiangxi Prov. \ Jinggangshan Mts., Pingshui-shan \ 26°30.4'N, 114°06.9'E \ 1590 m, 28.iv.2011; lgt . Fikáček \ Hájek, Kubeček, Jia, Song, Zhao [MF13] | sifting moist leaf litter in a sparse forest with bamboo, and of mosses (partly Sphagnum ) in a dried up fen in a low Azalea forest”. Paratypes: CHINA: Jiangxi: 13 exs. ( NMP, NMW): same sampling data; 2 exs. ( NMP): Jiangxi Prov., Jinggangshan Mts., Huyagta, 26°29.9'N 114°07.3'E, 1490 m a.s.l., “large accumulation of moist leaf litter at side of stream in dense bush”, 28.IV.2011, leg. M. Fikáček, J. Hájek, Kubeček, F .- L. Jia, Song & Zhao “MF12”; 2 exs. ( NMP): Jiangxi Prov., Jinggangshan Mts., Wankeng (stream valley), 26°31.8'N 114°11.8'E, 525 m a.s.l., “flood debris accumulated in stream, sifted or sampled by sieve”, 28.IV.2011, leg. M. Fikáček, J . Hájek, F. -L. Jia & Song “MF15”; Hong Kong: 2 exs. (CPA): Lantau, Tung Chung, 10.VII.2012 .

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with four rows of elytral systematic punctures, absence of clypeal microsculpture, unicolored maxillary palpomeres, presence of wide-stretched metafemoral pubescence, and nine-segmented antennae, together with A. splendens , A. masatakai , and A. chinensis . It differs from these species by dark yellow (versus brown or black) clypeus and pronotum, and by very distinct serial punctures. Four rows of very distinct elytral systematic punctures with all series reaching anterior margin also present in A. activus , A. anhuianus , A. decipiens , A. luteilateralis , A. malayanus , and A. thaiensis . It differs from these species by yellow (versus brown or black) clypeus, moreover from A. activus and A. anhuianus by evenly emarginated anterior clypeal margin, from A. decipiens and A. luteilateralis by nine-segmented antennae, wider extension of femoral pubescence, and larger size (body length A. luteilateralis : 1.8̄ 2.2 mm, A. decipiens : 2.1̄2.5); from A. malayanus and A. thaiensis by smaller eyes (lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 1.5 in A. malayanus and A. thaiensis ), stronger pronotal and elytral ground punctation, and absence of apical emargination on abdominal ventrite 5. It differs from all species of Agraphydrus by features of aedeagus.

Description. Total length: 2.3̄ 2.5 mm; elytral width: 1.3̄ 1.4 mm; E.I.: 1.2, P.I.: 2.2, elytra 2.7× as long as pronotum. Habitus broad, evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum and clypeus yellowish brown; frons black; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum dark yellowish brown; elytra dark yellow to dark brown; ventrites and legs light brown.

Head (Fig. 55). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 2.7, lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 2.2; microsculpture narrowly present on lateral margins of clypeus, always absent from anterior margin; ground punctures moderately fine, interspaces 2̄3× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures moderately distinct. Eyes small, not protruding, slightly oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, as long as pronotum in midline, 0.9× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.2, palpomere 4 almost symmetrical. Mentum with coarse punctures, evenly distributed, without microsculpture.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on head and pronotum; systematic punctures very distinct, arranged in four rows, reaching anterior margin, number of punctures not reduced in number; one or two short additional series present laterally in many individuals. Mesoventrite with strong mesal bulge, abruptly declining posteriorly and with very low, very short, median carina posterior to bulge.

Legs (Fig. 100). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of pro- and mesofemur, on proximal 3/4 of metafemur; hairline oblique on pro- and mesofemur, straight on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 flattened apically, emargination absent.

Aedeagus (Fig. 142). Length: 0.38̄ 0.39 mm. Phallobase about half as long as parameres, almost rectangularly bending towards distinct manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face reaching manubrium in midline. Parameres widening from basis to apex; margins strongly sigmoid with distinct subapical indentation laterally, dorsal face also with strong indentation mesally; apex with broad, flat dent; basal portion reaching midlength of phallobase. Median lobe long, moderately wide; apex of dorsal face bluntly rounded, almost reaching apex of parameres; ventral face shorter and wider than dorsal face, with deeply and narrowly excised apex; corona large, in basal position; basal apophyses short, widely separated, extending to midlength of phallobase.

Remarks. One specimen from Guangdong Province (NMP: 30 km NE Shaoguan, Duanshi village, Danxiashan NP, 125 m a.s.l., streams, pools, 4.̄ 5.V.2011, J. Hájek) is very similar, including features of the aedeagus; it differs slightly by coloration (darker), serial elytral punctures (less numerous in mesal rows), and aedeagus (corona distal to midlength). Its assignment to A. fikaceki is not certain and the specimen therefore excluded from the type series.

Ecology. Collected between 525 and 1590 m a.s.l. in streams and in a fen in forests with bamboo, Azalea and bushes; in moss (Sphagnum), moist leaf litter, and flood debris.

Distribution. China (Jiangxi).

Etymology. The species is dedicated Martin Fikáček (NMP), collector of the type specimens.

Agraphydrus forcipatus sp. n.

(Figs. 23, 101, 143)

Type locality. China, Anhui Prov., Weizhou Prefecture; Huang Shan NP; 60 km NNW Huang Shan City (= Tunxi ), near Tang Kou ( CWBS 292 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ CHINA: Anhui, Huang Shan \ 60 km NNW Tunxi , 31.10.1997 \ nr. Tang Kou, 900–1000 m \ leg. M. Wang ( CWBS 292 )” . Paratypes: CHINA: Anhui: 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ ( NMW): CWBS 285 ; 60 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 287 ; 13 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 293 ; Fujian: 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ ( NMW): CWBS 249 ; 27 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 250 ; Guangdong: 1 ex. ( NMW): CWBS 457 ; Guizhou: 2 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 445 ; Hubei: 2 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 538 ; 4 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 545 ; Hunan: 3 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 498 ; 2 exs. ( NMW): CWBS

499; 9 exs. (NMW): CWBS 500; 2 ♀♀ (NMW): CWBS 502; Jiangxi: 1 Ƌ, 5 E ( NMW): CWBS 506 ; 1 ♀ (NMW): CWBS 517; 1 ♀ ( NMW): Jiangxi W Jinggang Shan, Ciping env., 2.̄ 14.VI.1994 ; 4 ♀♀ ( NMP): Jiangxi Prov., Jinggangshan Mts., Baiyinhu env., 26°36.8'N 114°11.1'E, 800 m a.s.l., “drying-up stream in stony bed, night collecting in isolated pools in stream on wet rocks with algae”, 23̄ 29.IV.2011, leg. M. Fikáček, J. Hájek & Kubeček “MF01” ; 1 ♀ ( NMP): CHINA: Jiangxi Prov., Jinggangshan Mts., Xiangzhou , forested valley S of the village, 26°35.5'N 114°16.0'E, 374 m a.s.l., “rice fields in village, very shallow water with lots of mud”, 26.IV.2011 ; leg. M. Fikáček & J. Hájek, “MF08”; Zhejiang: 1 Ƌ ( NMW): CWBS 419 ; 2 exs. (NMW): CWBS 420.

Differential diagnosis. Belongs to evenly oval or parallel-shaped species with reduced clypeal chagrination, unicolored maxillary palpomeres, dark brown or black pronotum, and nine-segmented antennae, together with A. audax , A. connexus , A. globipenis , A. narusei , A. ogatai , and A. setifer . It differs from A. audax and A. setifer by minor size (total body length 2.1̄ 2.3 mm; A. audax : 2.6̄3.0 mm; A. setifer 2.3̄ 2.5 mm); from A. narusei and A. ogatai by distinctly larger eyes and broader habitus. It differs from all species by features of aedeagus (wide median lobe, apex of parameres with lateral extensions).

Description. Total length: 2.1̄ 2.3 mm; elytral width: 1.1 mm; E.I.: 1.4, P.I.: 2.1, elytra 3.0× as long as pronotum. Habitus moderately broad, evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus and frons black; clypeus with very narrow, indistinct, rufous lateral margins, rarely absent; maxillary palpi yellow, infuscations absent; pronotum yellowish brown, or dark brown mesally with narrow yellow margins; elytra dark brown, or light brown with darker areas in some individuals, forming indistinct longitudinal stripes in some individuals; ventrites and legs dark brown.

Head. Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.7, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 1.9; microreticulation present on anterior and lateral third of clypeus; ground punctures fine, interspaces 1̄3× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes moderately small, not protruding, oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres, but individuals with incomplete subdivision of antennomere 4 occur. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.1× as long as pronotum in midline, 0.9× as long as maximum width of clypeus, palpomere 2 very indistinctly curved mesad; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.4̄1.6, palpomere 4 slightly asymmetrical. Mentum with coarse punctures situated on lateral portions, without microsculpture.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on head and pronotum; systematic punctures moderately distinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with a slight mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 101). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of femora; hairline slightly oblique on profemur, straight or slightly curved on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with almost semicircular apical emargination.

Aedeagus (Fig. 143). Length: 0.33̄ 0.36 mm. Phallobase slightly shorter than parameres, as wide as long, evenly curving towards wide, distinctly delimited manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face reaching midlength in midline. Parameres wide basally; margins distinctly sigmoid, with strong subapical constriction; apex flat, with blunt mesal and lateral extensions; ventral face very wide, right and left lobe meeting in midline; base reaching distal third of phallobase. Median lobe very delicate and almost unpigmented; strongly widening apicad, widest distal to midlength, deeply embedded between dorsal and ventral faces of parameres; apex wide, blunt, reaching apex of parameres; dorsal face deeply split into two lobes with distinctly sigmoid mesal margins; corona located in distal third; basal apophyses very narrowly separated, extending to proximal third of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between 250 and 1000 m a.s.l. in streams flowing through primary and secondary forests, tea and vegetable gardens, rice fields, bamboo; in pools; in sand, gravel, on rocks, among leaves and debris; in a mountain stream through burnt Cunninghamia forest with rocks and moss; occurs also in very cold water.

Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang).

Etymology. forcipatus (Lat. adjective, derived from forceps, pincers) = forceps-like. The name refers to the shape of the parameres, embracing the wide median lobe like forceps.

Agraphydrus fujianensis sp. n.

(Figs. 24, 56, 73, 102, 144)

Type locality. China, Fujian Prov., Jianyuan Prefecture, Chong’an City Region, Wuyi Shan , 3 km SW Wuyi Gong Village (= Shanqian ) ( CWBS 242 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ CHINA: Fujian, Chong’an \ Wuyi Shan , 3 km SW Wuyi Gong \ 250 m, 16.1.1997 \ leg. Ji & Wang, CWBS 242 ” . Paratype: CHINA: Fujian: 1 ♀ ( NMW): CWBS 241 .

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with four rows of elytral systematic punctures, absence of clypeal microsculpture, unicolored maxillary palpomeres, and wide-stretched metafemoral pubescence, together with A. chinensis , A. fasciatus , A. fikaceki , A. longipenis , A. masatakai , A. niger , A. splendens , A. wangmiaoi , and A. yunnanensis . It shares eight-segmented antennae and absence of apical incision on abdominal ventrite 5 with A. fasciatus and A. wangmiaoi ; small eyes and mesoventral carina with A. fasciatus and A. niger ; absence of emargination on abdominal ventrite 5 and very similar aedeagus with A. chinensis . It differs from A. fasciatus by shorter maxillary palpi in relation to pronotum and clypeus; from A. wangmiaoi by broad body shape, larger size (body length: 2.0 mm; A. wangmiaoi : 1.7 mm), and smaller eyes (lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 2.5; A. wangmiaoi = 1.5̄1.6); from A. niger by absence of emargination on abdominal ventrite 5 and by dark yellow (versus black) pronotum and elytra; from A. chinensis by eight-segmented (versus nine-segmented) antennae and carinate mesoventrite (horizontal ridge present in A. chinensis ). It differs from A. yunnanensis and A. longipenis by smaller eyes, presence of mesoventral carina, and absence of incision on abdominal ventrite 5; differs from A. fikaceki , A. splendens , and A. masatakai by eight-segmented antennae.

Description. Total length: 2.0 mm; elytral width: 1.0 mm; E.I.: 1.3, P.I.: 2.1, elytra 2.8× as long as pronotum. Habitus broad, evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum, clypeus and frons black; clypeus with yellow lateral margins; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum and elytra dark yellowish to rufous brown; ventrites black; legs dark brown.

Head (Fig. 56). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.8, lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 2.5; microsculpture absent; ground punctures fine, interspaces about 2̄3× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures indistinct. Eyes small, not protruding. Antennae with eight antennomeres. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 73) slender, as long as pronotum in midline, 0.9× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.2, palpomere 4 slightly asymmetrical. Mentum with fine punctures grouped laterally, without microsculpture.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures indistinct. Elytral ground punctation slightly stronger than on pronotum; systematic punctures very indistinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with very few punctures, not reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with a low mesal carina.

Legs (Fig. 102). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of profemur with oblique hairline, on proximal 3/4 of meso- and metafemur with straight hairlines.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 weakly sclerotized apically, truncate, emargination absent.

Aedeagus (Fig. 144). Length: 0.30 mm. Phallobase as long as parameres, about as wide as long, evenly curving towards conical manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face distinct, almost reaching manubrium in midline. Parameres wide in basal half, margins sigmoid, mesal margin strongly bending in midlength to narrower distal half; apex blunt, not inflated, asymmetrical; base slightly extending into phallobase mesally. Median lobe with narrow, finger-shaped dorsal face; apex almost reaching apex of parameres; ventral face very short and wide, half as long as dorsal face; corona large, in basal position; basal apophyses moderately short, widely separated, inclining laterad, weakly extending into phallobase.

Ecology. Collected at 250 m a.s.l. in small, sandy, streams with slowly flowing water, and in pools with plant debris.

Distribution. China (Fujian).

Etymology. The name refers to the Chinese province Fujian, the type locality.

Agraphydrus globipenis sp. n.

(Figs. 25, 103, 145)

Type locality. China, Hunan Prov., Huaihua Pref., Huitong County, Jinlong Shan , ca. 30 km NE Huitong City ( CWBS 32 ).

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( CASS): “ CHINA, SW-Hunan 1993 \ NE Huitong, 5.11. \ Jinlong Shan, 600̄ 650 m \ leg. L. Ji (11)” . Paratypes: CHINA: Hunan: 12 exs. ( NMW): same sampling data, but “leg. L. Ji, H. Schillhammer, H. Schönmann ” ; Guangxi: 1 Ƌ ( NMW): 10 km N Liuzhou [ City ], 200 m a.s.l., 10.XI.1993, leg. H. Schönmann “17”.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with evenly oval body shape or parallelshaped elytra, reduced clypeal microsculpture, unicolored maxillary palpomeres, and black pronotum and elytra, together with A. connexus , A. forcipatus , A. audax , and A. setifer . It differs from A. audax by less strongly punctured dorsal surface and minor size, from all species by globular shape of aedeagus.

Description. Total length: 2.2̄ 2.3 mm; elytral width: 1.1 mm; E.I.: 1.3̄1.4, P.I.: 2.2, elytra 3.2× as long as pronotum. Habitus broad, evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum black; clypeus black with very narrow, undelimited, yellowish lateral margins; frons black; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum dark brown in center, with undefined broad yellow lateral margins and narrow yellow anterior margin; elytra dark brown with weakly defined light brown areas, particularly along lateral margins and posteriorly; ventrites dark brown to black; legs lighter brown.

Head. Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.9, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 3.1; microsculpture present along anterior and lateral margin of clypeus; ground punctures fine, distinctly impressed, interspaces 2̄3× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes small, not protruding, slightly constricted anteriorly. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.2× as long as pronotum in midline, as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.3̄1.5, palpomere 4 slightly asymmetrical. Mentum with some coarse punctures on lateral portion, without microsculpture.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on head and pronotum; systematic punctures moderately distinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 103). Pubescence present on basal 2/3 of femora; hairline oblique on profemur, straight to slightly curved on meso- and metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with distinct apical emargination.

Aedeagus (Fig. 145). Length: 0.27 mm. Phallobase about as long as parameres, globular; manubrium very short, wide; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face reaching basal third in midline. Parameres moderately wide; margins almost straight, parallel-sided; apex flattened, with blunt lateral angle and weak, short, blunt, mesal projection; basal portion reaching distal third of phallobase. Median lobe clumsy, barrelshaped; apex slightly projecting above apex of parameres; dorsal face deeply split, slightly surmounted by ventral face; corona situated in midlength; basal apophyses short, narrowly separated, extending to halflength of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between 200 and 60 m a.s.l.; aquatic without specified habitat information.

Distribution. China (Guangxi, Hunan).

Etymology. globus (Lat.) = globe. The name refers to the globular basal lobe of the aedeagus.

Agraphydrus gracilipalpis sp. n.

(Figs. 26, 57, 74, 104, 146)

Type locality. China, Guangdong Prov., Zhaoqing Prefecture, Dinghu Nature Reserve , 23°11'03"N 112°33'06"E ( CWBS 453 ).

Type material. Holotype ( CASS): “ CHINA: Guangdong Prov. \ Dinghu Nat. Res. \ 23°11'03"N 112°33'06"E \ 29.10.2001, ca . 20–30 m \ Jäch & Komarek ( CWBS 453 )”. Paratypes: CHINA: Guangdong: 10 exs. ( NMW): same sampling data; 2 ƋƋ, 1 ♀ ( NMW): CWBS 449 ; 5 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 450 ; 6 exs. ( NMW): CWBS 454 ; Fujian: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ ( NMW): CWBS 262 .

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with almost entirely chagrinated clypeus and unicolored maxillary palpomeres, together with A. arduus , A. connexus , A. igneus , A. orientalis , A. reticuliceps , A. schoenmanni , and A. umbrosus . It differs from A. orientalis by nine-segmented antennae and features of aedeagus. It shares moderately coarse pronotal and elytral ground punctation with A. reticuliceps (versus fine punctation in A. connexus , A. schoenmanni , A. arduus and A. igneus ). It differs by larger size from A. connexus , A. schoenmanni and A. igneus ; by attenuating elytra from A. reticuliceps (with parallel-shaped elytra) and A. connexus , A. arduus , and A. igneus (with evenly curved elytra). It differs from A. reticuliceps also by slightly smaller eyes; from A. igneus and A. arduus by absence of microsculpture on anterolateral angles of pronotum; from all species by features of aedeagus.

Description. Total length: 2.4̄ 2.5 mm; elytral width: 1.2̄ 1.3 mm; E.I.: 1.2̄1.3, P.I.: 2.1̄2.3, elytra 2.8̄3.1× as long as pronotum. Habitus broad, elytra weakly attenuating posterior to midlength, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum dark brown; clypeus black with distinctly delimited yellow preocular patches as wide as eyes or wider; frons black; maxillary palpi unicoloured yellow; pronotum dark brown mesally with wide, undefined, light brown lateral margins; elytra unicolored light brown or dark brown with light brown lateral margins and posterior area, and with indistinctly lighter colored areas on elytral disc; ventrites and legs dark brown.

Head (Fig. 57). Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.5, lateral length ratio clypeus/ eyes = 2.1; clypeus almost entirely microreticulated; few, very weakly impressed, indistinct ground punctures located on posterior portion of clypeus; frons with dense, coarse ground punctation, interspaces 2× as wide as punctures; systematic punctures distinct. Eyes small, not protruding, oblong. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 74) slender, 1.2̄1.3× as long as pronotum in midline, 1.1× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.5, palpomere 4 asymmetrical. Mentum with some coarse punctures and microsculpture on lateral portion.

Thorax. Pronotal ground punctation as on frons; systematic punctures distinct. Elytral ground punctation as on pronotum; systematic punctures indistinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with distinct mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 104). Pubescence present on proximal 2/3 of profemur with oblique hairline; on proximal 4/5 of meso- and metafemur with curved hairline.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with distinct, almost semicircular, apical emargination, ca. 10 µm deep.

Aedeagus (Fig. 146). Length: 0.31̄ 0.36 mm. Phallobase shorter than parameres, longer than wide, abruptly bending towards distinct, conical manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face reaching basal third in midline. Parameres moderately slender in whole length; mesal margin very slightly sigmoid; lateral margin almost straight with distinct supapical constriction; apex flat, distinctly projecting laterad; basal portion of dorsal face extending to distal third of phallobase; ventral face shorter. Median lobe wide basally, margins of ventral face evenly converging to narrow, parallel-sided apical half; dorsal face completely subdivided into left and right half; apex of ventral face blunt or slightly indented, distinctly projecting above dorsal face, almost reaching apex of parameres; corona large, in basal position; basal apophyses short, inclining laterad, extending to distal third of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected between sea level and 750 m a.s.l. in streams flowing through forests and rice fields, with rocky steps, waterfalls, and in pools with sand and coarse gravel.

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong).

Etymology. gracilis (Lat.) = slender, slim. The name refers to the slender maxillary palpomeres.

Agraphydrus igneus sp. n.

(Figs. 27, 105, 147)

Type locality. China, Hong Kong, Lantau Island, Ngong Ping village, Po Lin Monastery environment, 22°15.2̄5'N 113°54.6''E.

Type material. Holotype Ƌ ( NMP): “ China, Hongkong, Lantau Isl. \ Ngong Ping vill., 26.̄ 28.VI.2007 \ Po Lin monastery env., 480̄ \ 590 m a.s.l., 22°15.2̄5'N 113°54.6''E \ J. Hájek & J. Růžička leg. | individually on vegetation \ in stream \ wet broad-leaved forest”. Paratypes: CHINA: Guangdong: 5 ♂♂, 2 EE ( NMW): CWBS 487. LAOS: 2 exs. ( KMNH): Route 8, nr. Houay Bordod Br., 2 km SSW of Nam Phao border, Bolikhamxai Prov., roadside ditch, 670 m a.s.l., 18°22.25'N 105°09.01'E, 24.V.2008, leg. Y. Minoshima “MiYu-L-08-035”; 1 Ƌ ( NMP): NE Laos, Houa Phan Prov., Phou Pane Mt., 20°13'09''̄19''N 103° 59'54''̄ 104°00'03''E, 1480̄ 1510 m a.s.l., 22.IV. ̄ 14.V.2008, leg. Vít Kubáň.

Differential diagnosis. This species belongs to the group of species with entirely microsculptured clypeus and unicolored maxillary palpomeres, together with A. arduus , A. connexus , A. gracilipalpis , A. orientalis , A. reticuliceps , A. schoenmanni , and A. umbrosus . It differs from A. orientalis by nine-segmented antennae and features of aedeagus. It shares evenly oval body, presence of chagrination on anterolateral angle of pronotum, and similar aedeagus (apex of parameres distinctly inflated) with A. arduus , differing mainly by elytral coloration (unicolored ferruginous, black sublateral band absent) and slightly stronger dorsal ground punctation. Evenly oval body shape also present in A. connexus , A. schoenmanni and A. umbrosus ; differs from these species by elytral coloration and features of aedeagus.

Description. Total length: 2.1̄ 2.2 mm; elytral width: 1.0̄ 1.1 mm; E.I.: 1.3, P.I.: 2.2, elytra 3.1× as long as pronotum. Habitus evenly oval, moderately convex dorsally.

Coloration. Labrum and clypeus ferruginous; frons slightly darker; maxillary palpi unicolored yellow; pronotum and elytra ferruginous with indistinct, undefined darker brown areas; ventrites and legs ferruginous.

Head. Clypeus with distinctly, evenly excised anterior margin; C.I.: 3.9, lateral length ratio clypeus/eyes = 1.7; clypeus entirely microreticulated; ground punctures on clypeus very fine, on frons fine, distinctly impressed, interspaces about as wide as punctures; systematic punctures indistinct. Eyes large, slightly protruding, oval. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Maxillary palpi slender, 1.2× as long as pronotum in midline, 1.0̄1.1× as long as maximum width of clypeus; length ratio palpomere 4:3 = 1.4, palpomere 4 slightly asymmetrical. Mentum with densely distributed, partially confluent punctures in lateral thirds.

Thorax. Pronotum very weakly microsculptured in antero-lateral corner, ground punctation as on head; systematic punctures indistinct. Elytral ground punctation slightly stronger than on pronotum, interspaces about as wide as punctures; systematic punctures moderately distinct, arranged in four rows, mesal rows with strongly reduced number of punctures, not reaching anterior margin. Mesoventrite with mesal bulge.

Legs (Fig. 105). Pubescence present on more than proximal half of profemur and on more than proximal 2/3 of meso- and metafemur; hairlines oblique on pro- and mesofemur, curved on metafemur.

Abdomen. Ventrite 5 with shallow apical emargination.

Aedeagus (Fig. 147). Length: 0.27̄ 0.30 mm. Phallobase about as long as parameres, as long as wide, abruptly bending towards distinct, triangular manubrium; border between pigmented and unpigmented portion of ventral face reaching basal third in midline. Parameres wide; lateral margin strongly sigmoid, with distinct subapical constriction, mesal margin evenly curving; apex strongly inflated; base of dorsal face reaching halflength of phallobase. Median lobe wide; apex of ventral face almost reaching apex of parameres, bluntly rounded, with numerous distinct setae on top; dorsal face almost completely subdivided into left and right half, mesal face wider than dorsal face; corona located in distal third; basal apophyses very short, narrowly separated, extending to midlength of phallobase.

Ecology. Collected at 180̄ 1510 m a.s.l., in a small spring in steep broadleaf forest, in a roadside ditch, and in a forest stream among vegetation.

Distribution. China (Guangdong, Hong Kong), Laos.

Etymology. igneus (Latin = igneous).The name refers the fire-coloured surface.