Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, 2019

Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2019, Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species, Zootaxa 4685 (1), pp. 1-67 : 30-32

Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar sp. nov.

( Figures 10 a–e; 12; 18c–f, h, k, n, p–s)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3E84782E-6B53-41AF-90AD-F35CFAD3ED05

Type material. HOLOTYPE (♀) deposited in UB with the following labels: ‘ MEX: 123, Camotepec (Zacatlán, PUE), 20°2’49.596’’ N, 98°4’4.476’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Dros perlentum, 2511m , Q. obtusata , (16. i.2012) 23.i.2012, A. Equihua & E. Estrada leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Holotype ♀ Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (red label). PARATYPES (35♂ & 29♀) deposited in UB (29♂ & 23♀), USNM (3♂ & 3♀) and AMNH (3♂ & 3♀) with the following labels: STATE OF CIUDAD DE MÉXICO: ‘ MEX: 156 (2782), Bosques de Santa Fe (Cuajimalpa, CDMX), 19°21’00.59” N, 99°16’25.38” W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Neuroterus eugeros, 1571m , Q. laeta , (07.v.2013) 07-19.vi.2013, D. Cibrián leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (4♂ and 3♀); MEX: 182, same as MEX: 156: 3♂ and 6♀; MEX: 303, same as MEX: 156 and 182, Ex. gall of Andricus sphaericus , (28.vi.2016) after xi.2016: 2♀; ‘ MEX: P225, same as MEX: 156, 182 and 303, Ex. unknown gall, (21.vi.2013) 1–15.xi.2013, JP-V leg.: 1♂ and 1♀; MEX: P323 (2783), same as MEX: 156 and 182: 7♂ and 7♀. STATE OF JALISCO: ‘ MEX: 338, Maravatio- Guadalajara Highway km. 275 ( JAL)’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Melikaiella amphibolensis , Q. castanea , (24. v.2018) after 15.vii.2018, A. Equihua & E. Estrada’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (1♀). STATE OF MÉXICO: ‘ MEX: 206 (naranja 47), Plateros-Arenales (San Fe- lipe del Progreso, EDO. MEX.), 19°41’20.912’’ N, 99°55’12.697’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Andricus georgei, 2600m , Q. candicans , (18.i.2014) 20.i–20.ii.2014, Delia leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato- Vila & Pujade-Villar, IL-V desig-2019’ (red label) (1♂); ‘ MEX: 225 (naranja 28a), Plateros-Arenales (San Felipe del Progreso, EDO. MEX.), 19°41’20.912’’ N, 99°55’12.697’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. leaf gall of Neuroterus sp., 2600m, Q. laeta , (19.xii.2013) 30.iv.2014, Delia leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (1♀); ‘ MEX: 232 (naranja 16), Plateros-Arenales (San Felipe del Progreso, EDO. MEX.), 19°41’20.912’’ N, 99°55’12.697’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Dros perlentum, 2600m , Q. laeta , (19. xii.2013) 05.ii.2014, Delia leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (1♂); ‘ MEX: 234 (naranja 46), same as MEX: 232, (18.i.2014) 30.iv.2014: 1♀; MEX: 236 (naranja 54a), same as MEX: 232 and 234, (15.ii.2014) 27.ii.2014: 1♂; ‘ MEX: 238 (naranja 28), Tunal-Salto (San Felipe del Progreso, EDO. MEX.), 19°42’53.28’’ N, 99°57’10.08’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Dros perlentum, 2555m , Q. laeta , (26.xii.2013) 03.iv.2014, Delia leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade- Villar, IL-V desig-2019’ (5♂); MEX: 239 (naranja 25), same as MEX: 232, 234 and 236, (19.xii.2013) 23.ii.2014: 1♂ and 1♀; MEX: 243 (naranja 44), same as MEX: 232, 234, 236 and 239, (16.ii.2014) 30.iv.2014: 2♂ and 1♀; ‘ MEX: 304, Cerro Tláloc, Ejido de San Pablo (Tequexquinahuac, EDO. MEX.), 19°26’29.3’’ N, 98°46’02.26’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Andricus sphaericus , 3715m, Q. rugosa , (01.vii.2016) viii.2016, A. Equihua & E. Estrada leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (2♂); ‘ MEX: P320 (rosa 112), San Juan de Coajomulco (Jocotitlán, EDO. MEX.), 19°45’6.335’’ N, 99°57’46.167’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Dros perlentum, 2630m , Q. laeta , (19.vi.2014) 30.vi.2014, Delia leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (1♀); ‘ MEX: P322, Tunal-El Salto (San Felipe del Progreso, EDO. MEX.), 19°42’53.28’’ N, 99°57’10.08’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Atrusca pictor, 2555m , Quercus sp., (26.xii.2013) i-ii.2014, Delia leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (1♂); ‘ MEX (13B6), Rancho La Concepción (San Felipe del Progreso, EDO. MEX.), 19°41’35.5’’ N, 99°59’5.1’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. unknown gall, 2903m, Q. acutifolia , (14.vii.2016) 08.iii.2017, N. Flores leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (1♂). STATE OF MICHOACÁN: ‘ MEX: P307, San Lorenzo (Puruandiro, MICH), 19°59’28.02’’ N, 101°38’44.32’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. unknown galls on leaf nerves, 2111m, Quercus sp., (09.vii.2016) ii–iii.2017, A. Equihua leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , ILV desig-2019’ (3♂ and 1♀). STATE OF MORELOS: ‘ MEX: P328 (2-B), Chamilpa (Cuernavaca, MOR), 20°47’26’’ N, 98°43’31’’ W’ (white label) / ‘Ex. gall of Atrusca sp., 1655m, Q. obtusata , (06.x.2014) 27.xi.2014, E. Tovar leg.’ (white label) / ‘ Paratype Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar , IL-V desig-2019’ (1♀). STATE OF PUEBLA: same data as the holotype: 2♂ and 2♀.

Additional material. 2♂ ( MEX: 123 and 238) and 2♀ ( MEX: 123) dissected and gold coated .

Etymology. Named in honor of Oriol Junqueras i Vies, Catalan political prisoner since 2017.

Diagnosis. This species can be separated from the rest of Ceroptres by having the mesoscutum smooth and with small punctures, very finely alutaceous in large specimens, especially anteriorly (never smooth in the rest of species except in C. lenis sp. nov.; however, C. lenis sp. nov. has the head also smooth, females with 13-segmented antennae and vertical carinae on the lower face complete, see below); and transfacial line short, 0.7 times as long as height of compound eye (longer in the rest of species).

Description. Female. Length. Body length 1.1–2.3 mm (n=30).

Color ( Fig. 10a ). Dark brown or black. Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown or black, tegulae yellow. Hypopygium testaceous.Antennae yellow, tips somewhat darker (testaceous in small specimens). Legs yellow, base of metacoxae dark (legs testaceous and with more infuscate areas in small specimens), pretarsi infuscated. Wings hyaline, veins pale yellow.

Head. In anterior view ( Fig. 12a ) round-shaped, about 1.2 times as wide as high, genae not expanded behind compound eyes. Face with long and moderately dense pubescence, lower face with long striae radiating from sides of clypeus, reaching ventral margin of both compound eyes and the toruli; medially without striae; vertical carinae incomplete, running from inner ventral margin of the toruli 1/3 to 1/2 of the lower face length and delimiting a small depressed area that is slightly bulged above the clypeus. Clypeus distinct, ventral margin just slightly projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.4 times as long as height of compound eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal sulcus absent, epistomal sulcus slightly marked. Transfacial line about 0.7 times as long as height of compound eye. Toruli situated mid-height of compound eye; distance between torulus and compound eye shorter than diameter of the toruli; distance between the toruli clearly shorter than diameter of the toruli. Front finely coriaceous to alutaceous, shiny, with scarce small piliferous punctures; without frontal carinae. Head in dorsal view ( Fig. 12b ) is about 2.1 times as wide as long. Vertex finely coriaceous to alutaceous, shiny, without punctures. POL:OOL:LOL = 12:6:6 and diameter of the lateral ocelli, 4. Occiput finely coriaceous to alutaceous, shiny and without punctures.

Antennae ( Fig. 10c ). 12-segmented (7: 5: 8: 9: 9: 9: 8.5: 8: 7.5: 7: 6.5: 15.5); subclavate, just slightly broadened apically; pubescence dense and short; placodeal sensilla visible on flagellar segments F4–F10. Pedicel about 1.4 times as long as wide; F1 0.9 times as long as F2, F2 and F3 subequal. Last flagellar segment about 4.0 times as long as wide and 2.3 times as long as F9.

Mesosoma. About 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view ( Fig. 12g ), including nucha, with long, but not dense, pubescence. Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.3. Dorsal part of pronotal plate complete, with two distinct widely spaced foveae. Lateral pronotum alutaceous to smooth, without lateral carina. Mesoscutum ( Fig. 12h ) 1.2 times as wide as long, smooth (very finely alutaceous in some large specimens, especially anteriorly) and with small punctures; anterior grooves very shallow to inconspicuous. Notauli incomplete, very shallow and short (visible at most in the posterior 1/3 of the mesoscutum), sometimes in a form of short incision or even inconspicuous. Parapsidal grooves very shallow to inconspicuous. Median groove usually inconspicuous or absent, rarely appearing as a very short incision. Mesoscutellum ( Fig. 12h ) rounded, about as long as wide, laterally and posteriorly wrinkled, anteriorly and medially finely alutaceous to smooth; circumscutellar carina absent; scutellar foveae very small, ovate, usually very shallow and not well defined (more deeply impressed and well defined in large specimens), smooth and separated by a wide septum. Mesopleuron ( Fig. 12g ) smooth and shiny; little pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus reaching about 4/5 parts of the mesopleural height. Propodeum ( Fig. 12e ) pubescent and smooth; propodeal carinae straight and parallel, somewhat branched posteriorly. Nucha weakly sulcate dorsally and laterally.

Legs. Tarsal claws bidentate, with a small basal tooth ( Fig. 12i ).

Wings ( Fig. 10d ). Forewings pubescent with moderately long marginal setae (usually longer in small specimens), longer than mesosoma plus metasoma. Radial cell closed, about 3.0 times as long as wide; areolet large but not well defined, anterior and basal veins inconspicuous. Rs+M inconspicuous. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.

Metasoma ( Fig. 10a , 12f ). Shorter than head plus mesosoma, slightly longer than high in lateral view. First metasomal tergum crescent-shaped and smooth. Second metasomal tergum short and free, 0.3 times as long as the metasomal length and with a dense hair patch anterolaterally. Third metasomal tergum without micropunctures and not dorsodistally incised; subsequent terga finely punctate. Hypopygium somewhat projected above the upper surface of the metasoma. Prominent part of the hypopygial spine about 1.6 times as long as wide and slightly projected.

Male ( Figs. 10b, e ; 12c, d ). Similar to female, except for the following morphological traits: body length 1.1–1.7 mm (n=35). Antennae 15-segmented (10: 5: 11: 13: 12: 12: 10: 10: 9: 8: 7.5: 7: 6: 5.5: 9), filiform; placodeal sensilla present in all flagellar segments; pedicel about as long as wide; F1 strongly expanded apically ( Fig. 10e ); last flagellar segment about 2.6 times as long as wide and just slightly longer than the penultimate. OOL shorter than lateral ocelli, ocelli big ( Fig. 12d ). Vertical carinae more marked than in females ( Fig. 12c ). Mesosoma sometimes with a coarser sculpture (finely coriaceous) and notauli sometimes deeper impressed and longer.

Distribution. Mexico. States of Ciudad de México, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos and Puebla.

Biology. Reared from galls of Dros perlentum Kinsey, 1937 ( Fig. 18c ) on Quercus obtusata Humb. and Bonpl. and Q. laeta Liebm. ( Quercus section ); from Andricus sphaericus Pujade-Villar, 2016 ( Fig. 18h ) on Q. rugosa Née and Q. laeta ( Quercus section ), and from Andricus georgei Pujade-Villar, 2011 ( Fig. 18e ) on Q. candicans Née (Lobatae section); from Neuroterus eugeros Pujade-Villar, 2018 ( Fig. 18d ) and from an unknown leaf gall of Neuroterus ( Fig. 18f ) on Q. laeta ; from Atrusca pictor (Kinsey, 1936) ( Fig. 18q ) on Quercus sp. and from an undetermined species of Atrusca ( Fig. 18r ) on Q. obtusata ; from unknown galls on Q. acutifolia Née (Lobatae section) ( Fig. 18s ) and Q. laeta ( Fig. 18n ); from Melikaiella amphibolensis Pujade-Villar, 2014 on Q. castanea Née (Lobatae section) ( Fig. 18k ); and from an unknown gall inside secondary leaf nerves on an undetermined oak ( Fig. 18p ).

Remarks. Ceroptres junquerasi displays a moderate degree of morphological variability, especially regarding the specimens’ size and body color (small specimens usually show a brownish coloration), mesoscutum sculpture (from finely alutaceous in larger specimens to smooth in the rest), notauli and median groove (more or less visible) and scutellar foveae (more deeply impressed and defined in larger specimens and very shallow to almost inconspicuous in the rest). These differences appear even between specimens that emerged from the same gall and are usually dependent on the size of the specimen.

Figures

FIGURE 10. New species of Ceroptres described from Mexico: a) female lateral habitus of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; b) male lateral habitus of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; c) female antenna of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; d) forewing of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; e) first segments of male antenna of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; f) female lateral habitus of C. lenis sp. nov.; g) female lateral habitus of C. mexicanus sp. nov.; h) female lateral habitus of C. nigricrus sp. nov.; i) female lateral habitus of C. quadratifacies sp. nov.; j) male lateral habitus of C. quadratifacies sp. nov.; k) forewing of C. quadratifacies sp. nov.; l) first segments of male antenna of C. quadratifacies sp. nov.

FIGURE 12. Ceroptres junquerasi sp. nov.: a) female head in anterior view; b) female head in dorsal view; c) male head in anterior view; d) male head in dorsal view; e) propodeum; f) female metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in lateral view; h) mesosoma in dorsal view; i) tarsal claws.

FIGURE 18. Some of the galls mentioned in this study: a) an undescribed species of Andricus (ref. 069); b) Sphaeroteras nr pulchripennis (ref. 103); c) Dros perlentum (ref. 123); d) Neuroterus eugeros (ref. 182); e) Andricus georgei (ref. 206); f) unknown leaf gall of Neuroterus (ref. 225); g) unknown leaf spherical gall (ref. 266); h) Andricus sphaericus (ref. 303); i) Andricus sphaericus (ref. 307); j) Andricus group georgei (ref. 312); k) Melikaiella amphibolensis (ref. 338); l) an undescribed species of Andricus on leaves (ref. P015); m) Atrusca sp. (ref. P149); n) unknown (P225); o) unknown undetachable leaf gall (ref. P233); p) unknown gall inside secondary leaf nerves (ref. P307); q) Atrusca pictor (ref. P322); r) Atrusca sp. (ref. P328); s) unknown (ref. 2B10, 13B6); t) unknown, a mix of galls (ref. 2840); u) unknown leaf petiole gall (ref. P366); v) unknown twig gall (ref. P308).