Ceroptres Hartig, 1840

Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2019, Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species, Zootaxa 4685 (1), pp. 1-67 : 13-14

Ceroptres Hartig, 1840

( Figures 1 , 3–17 )

Type species. Ceroptres clavicornis Hartig, 1840 , designated by Förster (1869: 364).

Diagnosis. Ceroptres differs from Buffingtonella by having a pubescent depressed area between or below the toruli, which is always present, even if the lower face vertical carinae are very short or almost absent (for example, Figs 11a, d ; 12a ; 13a ; 14a ; 15a ; 16a ; 17a ), whereas both carinae and the depressed area are absent in Buffingtonella ( Fig. 2e ); by having the first metasomal tergum as a dorsal smooth crescent-shaped scale (for example, Figs 12f ; 13h ; 14e ; 15i ; 16l ; 17i ), whereas this is ring-shaped and longitudinally sulcate, like most of Synergini , in Buffingtonella (inset image in Fig. 2c; 2d, k ); and by having the propodeal carinae uniformly straight or very slightly curved along their entire length (for example, Figs 12e ; 13d ; 14f ; 15g ; 16j ; 17k ), whereas the carinae are straight in the anterior 1/3, clearly divergent and curved in the posterior 2/3 and somewhat branched distally in Buffingtonella ( Fig. 2j ).

Redescription. Female antenna 12–13-segmented and usually subclavate (rarely filiform), male antenna 15- segmented and filiform. Front and vertex weakly sculptured, almost smooth or alutaceous to finely coriaceous, without frontal carinae. Malar space usually much shorter than height of compound eye, rarely 0.6 or more. Lower face with striae radiating from sides of clypeus, which can be short ( Fig. 1a, c ) or long ( Fig. 1b ). Usually with two vertical carinae running from inner ventral margin of the toruli, which can be complete ( Fig. 1a ) or incomplete ( Fig. 1b ); sometimes, they are very short or inconspicuous to absent ( Fig. 1c ). A densely pubescent depressed area between and below the toruli, that is usually delimited by the two vertical carinae when these are conspicuous (whether complete or not), but even visible when these are very short or absent ( Fig. 1 ), is always present. Pronotum without lateral carinae. Dorsal part of pronotal plate complete, with two distinct and usually more or less widely spaced foveae. Mesoscutum smooth to strongly coriaceous, sometimes with weak discontinuous transversal elements. Notauli complete or incomplete, but never absent (although they are sometimes very narrow and shallow; for example, Figs 12h , 13g ). Mesopleuron usually completely smooth and shiny, rarely with some striae or with an alutaceous sculpture anteriorly ( Figs 6d ; 11b ). Propodeal carinae uniformly straight or very slightly curved in their whole length (for example, Figs 12e ; 13d ; 14f ; 15g ; 16j ; 17k ). First metasomal tergum reduced to a dorsal smooth crescent-shaped scale (for example, Figs 12f ; 13h ; 14e ; 15i ; 16l ; 17i ). Second metasomal tergum (T2) small and free in both sexes, usually with a dense patch of setae anterolaterally, rarely with sparse pilosity. Third metasomal tergum (T3) without punctures or just with a small posterodorsal patch of micropunctures, never dorsodistally incised. Radial cell of the forewing closed. Tarsal claws bidentate, with a basal lobe.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Morphological traits important for characterization and identification of Ceroptres species and its separation from Buffingtonella: a) vertical carinae on the lower face complete, with a long depressed area between them, and short striae radiating from clypeus (head in frontal view of C. clavicornis Hartig, 1840); b) vertical carinae on the lower face incomplete but visible, with a shorter depressed area between them, and long radiating striae (head in frontal view of C. mexicanus Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar sp. nov.); c) vertical carinae on the lower face inconspicuous to absent, with a very small depressed area between them, and moderately long radiating striae (head in frontal view of C. quadratifacies Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar sp. nov.). VC = Vertical carinae on the lower face (yellow arrow); LFD = Lower face depressed area (red arrow); RS = Radiating striae (white arrows).

FIGURE 2. Type material of Ceroptres politus Ashmead, 1896: a) female habitus; b) male habitus; c) female dorsal view; d) male dorsal view; e) female lower face; f) female front; g) female head and mesosoma in dorsal view; h) male antenna; i) female antenna; j) propodeum; k) female lateral metasoma; l) forewing; m) pinned leaf fragment of Q. rubra with some nerve swellings deposited in USNM; n) type labels.

FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view.

FIGURE 4. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. kovalevi (type), discontinuous lines point out vertical carinae; b) C. lanigerae (type); c) C. minutissimi (type); d) C. montensis (type); e) C. petiolicola (type); f) C. pisum (type); g) C. quercusobtusilobae (type); h) C. rufiventris (type); i) C. snellingi (type).

FIGURE 5. a) Ceroptres catesbaei lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. cerri lateral and d) dorsal habitus; e) C. clavicornis lateral and f) dorsal habitus; g) C. confertus lateral and h) dorsal habitus (type).

FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type).

FIGURE 7. a) Ceroptres lanigerae lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. minutissimi lateral and d) dorsal habitus (type); e) C. montensis lateral and f) dorsal habitus (type); g) C. petiolicola lateral habitus, h) forewing and i) detail of mesoscutuellum and propodeum (type).

FIGURE 8. a) Ceroptres pisum lateral and b) dorsal habitus, c) detail of female antenna and d) forewing (type); e) C. quercusobtusilobae lateral habitus and f) mesosoma in dorsolateral view (type); g) C. rufiventris lateral and h) dorsal habitus (type).

FIGURE 9. a) Ceroptres snellingi lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type).

FIGURE 10. New species of Ceroptres described from Mexico: a) female lateral habitus of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; b) male lateral habitus of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; c) female antenna of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; d) forewing of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; e) first segments of male antenna of C. junquerasi sp. nov.; f) female lateral habitus of C. lenis sp. nov.; g) female lateral habitus of C. mexicanus sp. nov.; h) female lateral habitus of C. nigricrus sp. nov.; i) female lateral habitus of C. quadratifacies sp. nov.; j) male lateral habitus of C. quadratifacies sp. nov.; k) forewing of C. quadratifacies sp. nov.; l) first segments of male antenna of C. quadratifacies sp. nov.

FIGURE 11. Ceroptres cerri a) head in anterior view, b) mesosoma in lateral view and c) metasoma in lateral view; C. clavicornis d) head in anterior view, e) mesosoma in lateral view and f) metasoma in lateral view.

FIGURE 12. Ceroptres junquerasi sp. nov.: a) female head in anterior view; b) female head in dorsal view; c) male head in anterior view; d) male head in dorsal view; e) propodeum; f) female metasoma in lateral view; g) mesosoma in lateral view; h) mesosoma in dorsal view; i) tarsal claws.

FIGURE 13. Ceroptres lenis sp. nov.: a) female head in anterior view; b) female head in dorsal view; c) mesosoma in lateral view; d) propodeum; e) female antenna; f) tarsal claws; g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) female metasoma in lateral view; i) radial cell of the forewing.

FIGURE 14. Ceroptres mexicanus sp. nov.: a) female head in anterior view; b) female head in dorsal view; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) mesosoma in lateral view; e) female metasoma in lateral view; f) propodeum; g) tarsal claws; h) female antenna.

FIGURE 15. Ceroptres nigricrus sp. nov.: a) female head in anterior view; b) female head in dorsal view; c) mesosoma in lateral view; d) mesosoma in dorsal view; e) female antenna; f) radial cell of the forewing; g) propodeum; h) tarsal claws; i) female metasoma in lateral view.

FIGURE 16. Ceroptres quadratifacies sp. nov.: a) female head in anterior view; b) female head in dorsal view; c) male head in anterior view; d) male head in dorsal view; e) detail of the last segments of female antenna; f) female antenna; g) tarsal claws; h) mesosoma in lateral view; i) mesosoma in dorsal view; j) propodeum; k) radial cell of the forewing; l) female metasoma in lateral view; m) detail of the micropunctuation of the metasoma.

FIGURE 17. Ceroptres snellingi (material from Mexico): a) female head in anterior view; b) female head in dorsal view; c) male head in anterior view; d) male head in dorsal view; e) female antenna; f) male antenna (with a detail of the last segments, inset image); g) mesosoma in dorsal view; h) mesosoma in lateral view; i) female metasoma in lateral view; j) tarsal claws; k) propodeum; l) radial cell of the forewing.