Paraphronima crassipes Claus, 1879

Gasca, Rebeca & Hendrickx, Michel E., 2021, Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae, Zootaxa 5071 (4), pp. 563-578 : 565

Paraphronima crassipes Claus, 1879

Paraphronima crassipes Claus, 1879: 7 (65), 8 (66), pl. 1, figs. 6‒9, pl. 2, fig. 10; Siegel-Causey, 1982: 139 (key), 140; Vino- gradov et al., 1996: 316‒318, fig. 127; Zeidler, 2003: 89 (key), 91‒94, figs. 37B, 38; Brusca & Hendrickx 2005: 149 (list); García Madrigal, 2007: 143 (list); Guillén Pozo, 2007: 20 (key), 36, fig. 8, 121 (tab. 1), 138‒178 (passim), 149 (tab. 40); Lavaniegos & Hereu, 2009: 142 (tab. 1), 151 (appendix 1); Valencia & Giraldo, 2009: 268 (tab. 1); 2012: 1492 (tab. 1); Valencia et al. 2013: 51 (tab. 1); Lavaniegos, 2014: 4 (tab. 1). Hyperia pedestris Guérin-Méneville, 1836 : pl. 25, fig. 6; Zeidler, 1995: 310‒311 (passim). Paraphronima clypeata Bovallius, 1885: 11 , fig. 2. Paraphronima pectinata Bovallius, 1887: 13‒14 . Paraphronima cuivis Stebbing, 1888: 1337‒1342 , pl. 157.

Material examined. 18M and 11F from 9 localities ( Fig. 1 ). TALUD III. St. 19B (25°18’24”N, 109°18’36”W), August 20, 1991, 2M, IK from surface to 600 m ( TD, 1890 m) (ICML-EMU-12829). TALUD IV. St. 7 (22°00’22”N, 106°49’18”W), August 23, 2000, 3M, 1F, MN from surface to 500 m ( TD, 1970 m) (ICML-EMU-12830-A); St. 22 (24°17’20”N, 108°50’30”W), August 26, 2000, 4M, 1F, MN from surface to 1325 m ( TD, approx. 1800 m) (ICML- EMU-12830-B); St. 36 (25°51’59”N, 110°11’00”W), August 27, 2000, 3M, 3F, MN from surface to approx. 1300 m ( TD, 2100 m) (ICML-EMU-12830-C). TALUD V. St. 5 (22°00’57”N, 106°40’00”W), December 13, 2000, 5M, 2F, MN from surface to ca 1400 m ( TD > 1600 m) ( ECO-CH-Z 10547 ); St. 36 (25°54’30”N, 110°11’24”W), December 17, 2000, 1M, MN from surface to 1340 m ( TD, 1990 m) (ICML-EMU-12831). TALUD VI. St. 7 (22°21’39”N, 107°01’42”W), March 14, 2001, 2F, MN from surface to 1305 m ( TD, 2100 m) (ICML-EMU-12832-A); St. 29 (25°16’24”N, 109°24’54”W), March 16, 2001, 1F, MN from surface to 1440 m ( TD, 2080 m) (ICML-EMU-12832- B); St. 36 (25°53’15”N, 110°10’06”W), March 17, 2001, 1F, MN from surface to 1360 m ( TD, 2000 m) (ICML- EMU-12832-C) .

Distribution. Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical waters including the Mediterranean Sea. In the Atlantic and Pacific oceans occurring up to 42°N and 52°N, respectively; rarely found in the Antarctic convergence ( Vinogradov et al. 1996). In the eastern Pacific it ranges from Newport, California, USA, to the Gulf of California, Mexico (García Madrigal 2007).

Remarks. Collected in 0‒1600 m, but rare below 500 m ( Vinogradov et al. 1996). This species and its congener, P. gracilis Claus, 1879 , are very difficult to identify because the characteristics used to differentiate them are sometimes mixed-up. These characters include the amplitude of the angle between the pereion and the first epimeral plate, the presence of spines on the ventral margin of pereopods 5‒7, and the relative length of pereopod 7. Both species are frequently found in the same sample.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Localities where Paraphronima crassipes Claus, 1879, and P. gracilis Claus, 1879 were captured during this survey.