Physiphora alceae Preyssler, 1791

Chen, Xiao-Lin & Kameneva, Elena P., 2007, A review of Physiphora Fallén (Diptera: Ulidiidae) from China, Zootaxa 1398, pp. 15-28 : 17-22

Physiphora alceae Preyssler, 1791 ( Figs 1–9 )

Musca alceae Preyssler, 1791: 129 .

Physiphora alceae: Rozkošný, Chvála & Pont, 1982: 353 ; Zuska, 1997: 70; Kameneva, 2000: 156; 2001: 156; Kameneva & Greve, 2004.

Musca demandata Fabricius, 1798: 564 .

Tephritis demandata Fabricius, 1805: 324 .

Ulidia demandata: Meigen, 1826: 386 ; Macquart, 1835: 504.

Chloria demandata: Schiner, 1864: 386 .

Chrysomyza demandata: Becker, 1905: 106 ; Hendel, 1910: 617; 1913b: 217; Séguy, 1934: 84.

Physiphora demandata: Hennig, 1940: 11 ; Steyskal, 1977: 167; 1980: 576; Zaitzev, 1984: 60; Evenhuis, 1989: 481.

Chrysomyza splendida Fallén, 1817: 4 .

Ulidia bicolor Schiner, 1864: 86 ; Séguy, 1934: 84; Zaitzev, 1984: 60; attributed to Macquart, 1835: 504 (Macquart’s “U. bicolore” was used clearly as a vernacular French name of Ulidia demandata ; consequently mentioned “ U. bicolor Macquart”, always as a synonym of demandata , is unavailable).

Ulidia smaragdi Walker, 1849: 1059 .

Diagnosis. Similar to P. longicornis in having cell r4+5 narrowly opened, fore leg with basitarsomere mostly whitish yellow, scutum and scutellum with green to blue sheen, but differing by head red­brown, the sheen of scutum and scutellum more bluish than green, aculeus about 8.6 times as long as wide at base.

Description. Head. Frons red­brown, subshiny, with two tomentose areas adjacent to each eye margins; slightly wider than eye, 1.1 times as long as wide, almost parallel­sided. Ocellar triangle and vertical plates usually black; vertical plates bare and subshiny. Ventral half of median facial plate and clypeus brown to darkbrown; dorsal half of median facial plate and antennal groove gray microtrichose; median facial plate slightly wider than antennal groove. Parafacial and gena brown, gena about 1/3 as high as eye. Occiput black, with brown area behind ocellar triangle. Mouthparts black. Antenna red­brown, 1st flagellomere rounded apically, 1.5–2.0 times as long as wide; arista bare ( Figs. 1–2 ).

Thorax. Scutum and scutellum brown to black with golden­green sheen, without mictotrichose areas. All setae and setulae dark­brown.

Wing. Completely hyaline, postero­apical extension of cell cup long, about 3.0 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA2, Cell r4+5 narrowly opened ( Fig. 3 ).

Legs. All coxae, femora and tibiae brown to black; foreleg basitarsomere mostly whitish yellow, blackbrown at very apex, other tarsomeres dark brown; mid and hind tarsi yellow to yellow­brown.

Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites brown or black­brown, sometimes with purple or blue reflection, tergite 2 with black setulae only. Male terminalia: sternite 8 brown to black; epandrium dark brown ( Figs. 6– 7 ); subepandrial sclerite setulose ( Fig. 7 : x), with 2 somewhat thickened setae at posteroventral margin; proctiger ( Fig. 7 : c) with paired nipple­like ventral projections, each with short sensilla on apex; glans as on Fig. 8 , basalmost spine not longer than phallus width at apex; ejaculatory apodeme ( Fig. 9 ) wide fan­like. Female: aculeus 8.6 times as long as wide at base, cercal unit with 1 pair basal dorsal setae 1.5 times and pair of subapical lateroventral setae twice as long as cercal unit width ( Fig. 4 ); 3 spherical spermathecae ( Fig. 5 ).

Measurements: Wing length: 3.5 mm. Body length: 6.0 mm.

Abbreviations: C = proctiger (cerci); X = subepandrial sclerite (decasternum).

Material examined: China: Xinjiang: 10Ψ, 3ɗ: Tulufan, 20–140m, 8.VI.1956 (Wang Guang) ( IZCAS); Xinjiang: 3Ψ, 7ɗ: Ku Er Le, 1000–1020m, 13. VIII.1958 (Li Changqing) ( IZCAS); Xinjiang: 2Ψ, 3ɗ: A ke Su, 1210–1240m, 31. VIII.1958 (Li Changqing) ( IZCAS); Beijing: 3Ψ, 4ɗ: Da Xing, 16. VIII.1970 (no collector) ( IZCAS); Jiangsu: 1ɗ: Xu Zhou, VI.1960 (no collector) ( IZCAS). Japan: 1ɗ: "[Taisyaku­Kyou], Jinseki­cho, Hiroshima Pref., Honshu", 18.VII.1995 (Sueyoshi) ( BKUF).

Biology: Larvae apparently associated with various dead plant matters and also with dung ( Hennig, 1940).

Distribution: China (new records from Xinjiang, Beijing, Jiangsu); Japan; Europe, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, India, Pakistan, south of Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Australia, North and South America.

Physiphora clausa ( Macquart, 1843) ( Figs 10–19 )

Musca aenea Fabricius, 1794: 335 , unavailable name (junior primary homonym of Musca aenea Scopoli, 1763 ). Ulidia aenea: Wiedemann, 1830: 167 .

Chrysomyza aenea: Hendel, 1913a: 35 ; 1913b: 218. Physiphora aenea: Steyskal, 1977: 167 .

Ulidia clausa Macquart, 1843: 251 .

Physiphora clausa: Steyskal, 1980: 576 ; Evenhuis, 1989: 481; Kameneva, 2001: 156. Ulidia melanopsis Walker, 1849:1058 .

Ulidia divergens Walker, 1852:397 .

Ulidia fulviceps Walker, 1858:227 .

Diagnosis. Similar to P. hainanensis Chen , n. sp. in vein M and vein R4+5 forming petiolate at wing tip, head yellow­brown, and scutellum with whitish microtrichose beneath, but differing by the thorax and abdomen with golden­green and golden­red sheen, and by spemathecae spherical.

Description. Head. Frons yellow­brown to red­brown, subshiny, with two tomentose areas adjacent to eye margins; 1.2 times as long as wide, almost as wide as eye and parallel­sided. Ocellar triangle and vertical plates usually black; vertical plates bare and subshiny. Ventral half of median facial plate and clypeus brown to darkbrown, dorsal half of median facial plate and antennal groove gray microtrichose, median facial plate slightly wider than antennal groove. Parafacial and gena brown, gena about 1/3 as high as eye. Occiput black, with brown area behind ocellar triangle and narrow tomentose areas adjacent to eye margins. Mouthparts black. Antenna red­brown, 1st flagellomere rounded apically, 1.5–2.0 times as long as wide; arista bare ( Figs 10–11 ).

Thorax. Scutum and scutellum brown to black, usually with different sheen: scutum golden­green and scutellum golden­red. Scutellum with gray microtrichose beneath. All setae and setulae dark­brown.

Wing. Completely hyaline, postero­apical extension of cell cup long, about 2.0 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA2, cell r4+5 completely closed, forming petiolate at wing tip ( Fig. 13 ).

Legs. Yellow­brown except fore leg with basitarsomere pale yellow and other tarsomeres black brown, tarsi dark brown.

Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites brown or black­brown, with green, red­golden, purple or blue reflection; abdominal tergite 2 yellowish white setulose on sides. Male postabdomen ( Figs. 15–19 ) yellow, otherwise as described for P. a l c e a e. Female terminalia: aculeus 6.5–8 times as long as wide at base, similar to that of P. alceae ( Fig.14 ); 3 spherical spermathecae ( Fig. 12 ).

Measurements: Wing length: 3.8–4.2 mm. Body length 4.0–6.0 mm.

Material examined. Type: Syntypes M. aenea : 2 specimens [sex? — heads and abdomens entirely destroyed]: “ aenea ” [Fabricius handwriting] ( ZMUC: Kiel collection). Syntype U. clausa : 1Ψ U. clausa : Indonesia: “M. h. Java” [black­framed gray paper handwritten label (“Bosc’s style”)], “526”, “ Ulidia / clausa ” [Macquart’s handwriting], “Museum Paris / Coll. Bosc 1828” [printed] ( MNHNP).

Non­type: China: Taiwan: 2ɗ, 2Ψ: “Chaipin”, VII.1912; 1ɗ, 2Ψ: “Pilam”, VII.1912; 7ɗ, 2Ψ: “Tainan” VII–XI.1912; 2ɗ, 4Ψ: “Anping”, V.1912 (Sauter) ( DEI), 1Ψ: same locality, V.1910; 3Ψ: “Takao”, 27.VI.1907 (Sauter) ( ZMHB); Yunnan: 1Ψ: Mangshi, 1000m, 4.VI.1956 (Huang Tianrong); 1ɗ: 900m, 1955. V. 16 (Wu Le & Bu Xike) ( IZCAS); 1Ψ,4ɗ: Menga, Xishuangbanna, 1050–1080 m, 5.VII.1958 (Chen Zhizi); 1ɗ, 5Ψ: same locality, 14.X.1958; 7Ψ,12ɗ: same locality, 15.X.1958 (no collector) ( IZCAS); Hainan: 1Ψ,1ɗ, Bao Ting, 80 m, 17.V.1960 (Li Suofu); 2Ψ,4ɗ, Bao Ting, 80 m, 26.VII.1960 (Zhang Xuezhong); 1ɗ: Wantian, Lingui, 260 m, 30.VI.1963 (Wang Shuyong) ( IZCAS); Guangxi: 1Ψ,2ɗ: Guilin, 25.VIII.1952 (no collector) ( IZCAS). Japan: 15 specimens: “Kuste 92º n. Breite”, IV.1895 (collector unknown) ( DEI); India: 1ɗ: “Calcutta, Indian Museum”, “ Chloria clausa Mcq. ” ( NHMW); Sri Lanka: 5ɗ, 7Ψ: “ Ceylon ” ( DEI); 2ɗ, 1Ψ: “ Ceylon ” (Nietner) ( ZMHB); Vietnam: 1ɗ, 1Ψ: “Kieng Giang, Tho Tu Isl.”, 9–10.IV.1987 (Ponomarenko) ( SIZK); Philippines: 1ɗ, 1Ψ: “Manilla” ( ZMHB); Singapore: 2ɗ: 14.I.1933 ( DEI); Indonesia: 1ɗ: Java, 1922; 1ɗ: “Yelok Ayer, Borneo”, 27.IX.1906; 1Ψ: “Borneo”, 29.VIII.1906 ( ZMHB); 2ɗ: “Java”, “aeneus”, “coll. Winth[em] ( NHMW). Additional 226 specimens from Arabian Peninsula, Africa, Australia and America ( DEI; ZMHB; NHMW; USNM; BMNH and other collections) examined, but not listed here.

Biology. G.S.Steyskal made a remark in his unpublished manuscript as “ P. c l a u s a reared in Thailand from mushroom Pleurotus cystidiosus ” (USNM).

Distribution. China ( Taiwan; new records from Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan); Seychelles to Samoa, Japan and Hawaii to Australia; South Africa; North and South America.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 5. Physiphora alceae Preyssler; 1, head, dorsal view; 2, head, lateral view; 3, wing; 4, apex of aculeus; 5, spermatheca (one of three).

FIGURES 6 – 9. Physiphora alceae Preyssler; 6, epandrium, posterior view; 7, same, ventral view; 8, phallus, distal portion; 9, ejaculatory apodeme.

FIGURES 10 – 14. Physiphora clausa Macquart; 10, head, dorsal view; 11, head, lateral view; 12, spermatheca (one of three); 13, wing; 14, apex of aculeus.

FIGURES 15 – 19. Physiphora clausa Macquart; 15, epandrium and hypandrium, right lateral view (phallus removed); 16, same, ventral view; 17, epandrium, anterior view; 18, phallus, distal portion; 19, ejaculatory apodeme.