Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966

Hassan, Muhammad Asghar & Liu, Xingyue, 2022, The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species, Zootaxa 5180 (1), pp. 1-83 : 21-22

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B6D071D8-6D56-46FD-B1B6-250394D9D6F7
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7047013
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E10867-FFAB-FF8E-348B-B009FA33E30C
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966
status

Treatment

Genus Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966 View in CoL View at ENA

Diagnosis

The genus Apertochrysa can be distinguished from other chrysopid genera in Pakistan by the following characters: antennal scape with lateral markings present (occasionally absent); forewing with elongated fifth and six cells beneath Rs ( Figs 3C–D View FIGURE 3 ); basal inner gradates in both fore- and hindwing not arise from pseudomedia (Psm); outer gradate always arise from pseudomedia ( Figs 17A–B View FIGURE 17 ); tibial spurs ratio in each legs are 0-1-1 ( Figs 3H–J View FIGURE 3 ); legs with basal dilation of pretarsal claw present (occasionally absent); sternum 8 and 9 fused, rounded posteriorly ( Fig. 19A View FIGURE 19 ); male genitalia with or without tignum, but the entoprocessus and gonapsis are always present ( Figs 19C, E View FIGURE 19 ); gonapsis with distinctive shapes (see Breitkreuz et al. 2021a), and a pair of lateral wings, which are connected to a single anteriorly-directed rod; female with variable shapes, wider than long ( Fig. 19M View FIGURE 19 ) or longer than wide ( Fig. 23F View FIGURE 23 ).

Notes

The genus Apertochrysa currently includes 183 species worldwide and is one of the largest genera within the family ( Duelli et al. 2017; Breitkreuz et al. 2021a). The taxonomic history of this genus is presented by Dong et al. (2004), Duelli et al. (2017), and Breitkreuz et al. (2021a). Here we record eight species of Apertochrysa from Pakistan. Among them, five species could not be identified to species, and the other two species are newly transferred to this genus. Among the undetermined female Apertochrysa species, A. sp. 2 has the subgenitale wider than long, while it is longer than wide in A. sp. 4 and A. sp. 5. All of these species, which are solely described based on females, require additional specimens to investigate the male genitalia; however, at present, these species differ in body coloration and shape of pretarsal claws. The known ranges of all these species is in in the northern portion of the country.

Key to Apertochrysa species from Pakistan

1 Pretarsal claws with basal dilation present ( Fig. 15D View FIGURE 15 )........................................................ 2

– Pretarsal claws with basal dilation absent ( Fig. 18E View FIGURE 18 )......................................................... 4

2 Frons with a transverse dark marking below antennal torulus; scape and pedicel distinctly dark brown in dorsal view ( Dobosz et al. 2016: figs 2–3); widespread species.................................................. A. venosa (Rambur)

– Frons without dark marking below antennal torulus; scape and pedicel entirely yellow ( Figs 15B–C View FIGURE 15 ) or narrowly dark brown at dorsolateral margins ( Tjeder 1963: fig. 17); endemic to Pakistan............................................... 3

3 Scape and pedicel entirely yellow ( Figs 15B–C View FIGURE 15 ); gonapsis butterfly-shaped, lateral wings broad, median stem long, digitiform ( Figs 16C–D View FIGURE 16 )................................................................................... A. sp. 1

– Scape and pedicel with dark brown stripes; gonapsis rounded in frontal view, slightly wider medianly, lateral wings and median stem narrow, nearly equal in length ( Tjeder 1963: fig. 10)................................... A. murreensis (Tjeder) View in CoL

4 Pretarsal claws feebly curved ( Fig. 20D View FIGURE 20 )...................................................................5

– Pretarsal claws strongly curved ( Fig. 18E View FIGURE 18 )................................................................. 7

5 Head pale brown without large spots; thorax dorsally pale brown............................ A. vartianorum (Hölzel)

– Head yellow, vertex with two median longitudinal dark stripes ( Fig. 20E View FIGURE 20 ) or four pink spots ( Fig. 22D View FIGURE 22 ); thorax yellow, with dark brown markings or laterally with dark brown............................................................... 6

6 Vertex with two median longitudinal dark stripes ( Fig. 20E View FIGURE 20 ); frons brownish with a narrow median yellow spot ( Fig. 20A View FIGURE 20 )................................................................................................ A. sp. 3

– Vertex with four dark pink spots ( Fig. 22D View FIGURE 22 ); frons yellow with a crescentic pink stripe above tentorial pits ( Fig. 22A View FIGURE 22 ).................................................................................................... A. sp. 4

7 Vertex with four red spots ( Fig. 18C View FIGURE 18 ); female subgenitale wider than long ( Fig. 19M View FIGURE 19 )........................ … A. sp. 2

– Vertex with four dark pink spots ( Fig. 25C View FIGURE 25 ); female subgenitale longer than wide ( Fig. 26F View FIGURE 26 ).................... A. sp. 5