Hemirrhagus papalotl, Perez-Miles & Locht, 2003

Mendoza Marroquín, Jorge I., 2014, Taxonomic revision of Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), with description of five new species from Mexico, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 170 (4), pp. 634-689 : 663-664

HEMIRRHAGUS PAPALOTL

PÉREZ- MILES & LOCHT, 2003

( FIGS 1G–I , 20A–J , 21A–D , 22A–D , 48 )

Hemirrhagus papalotl Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003: 372 , figs 35–38 (D ♀).

Type material: Holotype ♀ and paratype ♀ LAAH, MEXICO: Guerrero, Mpio. Taxco de Alarcón, Gruta de Aguacachil. 29.xi.1980, col. I. Cascalera. Examined.

Additional material examined: 1 immature male LAAH, MEXICO: Guerrero, Mpio. Taxco de Alarcón, Gruta de Ahuacachil , 03.viii.1980, col. J. Palacios ; 1 ♀ CNAN 4458 , MEXICO: Guerrero, Mpio. Taxco de Alarcón, Gruta de Zacatecolotla , 03.ii.2012 , col. R. Monjaraz ; 11 ♀ and 5 ♂ CNAN4459 , CNAN 4460 , CNAN 4461 , MEXICO: Guerrero, Mpio. Taxco de Alarcón, Gruta de Aguacachil , 21.iv.2012, col. J. Mendoza, G. Contreras , R. Monjaraz, D. Ortíz .

Emended diagnosis: The following character combination is diagnostic for H. papalotl . Male palpal bulb with slender embolus, longer than tegulum, SA ends at embolus retrolateral face ( Fig. 21A, C ); VG deep ( Fig. 21D ). The posterior curvature of SA occurs at the base of the embolus and forms an angle of 90° ( Fig. 21C ). Embolus strongly curved retrolaterally on distal third ( Fig. 21A, B ). Metatarsus I curved ( Fig. 20I ). Ocular tubercle slightly reduced and PME slightly reduced; periocular pigmentation only strongly marked on anterior eye row ( Figs 20D , 22A ). Urticating setae arranged in one dorsomedian patch, brown in colour, with anterior and posterior margins notched medially, with rounded edges (butterflyshaped) ( Figs 20C , 22B ). Spermathecae receptacles are straight or nearly so; receptacles can vary from short and wide to large and thin ( Fig. 21C, D ). Hemirrhagus papalotl differs from most Hemirrhagus species by the posterior curvature of SA, which forms an angle of 90°. It differs from H. gertschi and H. valdezi sp. nov. by the urticating setae being arranged in one dorsomedian, butterfly-shaped patch.

Description: Male CNAN 4461: body length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 23.46, carapace: 10.16 long, 8.96 wide. Caput not elevated; fovea recurved, width 1.875 ( Fig. 20A ).

Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation only strongly marked on anterior eye row. PLE slightly reduced. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.275; ALE 0.375; PME 0.15; PLE 0.175; AME–AME 0.15; AME– ALE 0.075; PME–PME 0.75; PME–PLE 0.075; ALE– PLE 0.1. Ocular tubercle reduced, width 1.525; length 0.875; clypeus lacking ( Fig. 20D ). Labium: length 1.45; width 1.85; with 23 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with approximately 130 cuspules ( Fig. 20E ). Cheliceral promargin with ten teeth (proximal to distal: firstthird large, fourth-fifth medium, sixth-eighth large, ninth-tenth small) ( Fig. 20G ). Sternum length 4.5. Sigillae circular, third and fourth pairs hardly visible; fourth pair once its length from margin ( Fig. 20B, F ).

Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 12.20, 5.80, 11.29, 11.13, 8.07, 48.49. II: 11.87, 5.94, 10.74, 11.19, 7.72, 47.46. III: 11.64, 4.96, 10.05, 12.47, 8.00, 47.12. IV: 13.78, 5.25, 12.95, 17.39, 9.54, 58.91. Palp: 8.32, 4.25, 7.04, -, 3.47, 23.08. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.2 long, 1.1 apart; PLS, 2.4 basal, 1.8 middle, 2.7 distal.

Scopulae: tarsi I– IV densely scopulate, III and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I– II densely scopulate; III scopulate on distal half, IV scopulate on distal quarter.

Tibia I with two apophyses, which do not originate from a common base, Pap reduced with one large spinose seta on ventral face, the spinose seta is bent apically and exceeds the apex of Pap; Rap with one large spinose seta on dorsal face, the spinose seta exceeds the apex of Rap ( Fig. 20H, J ). Metatarsus I curved ( Fig. 20I ).

Stridulatory setae: lacking.

Legs and palpi LSC in: palp trochanter retrolateral face, femur prolateral and retrolateral faces; leg I coxa retrolateral face, trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face; leg II coxa prolateral face, trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face.

Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 2p, 3r; II 4p, 3r; III 4p, 4r; IV 6p, 5r; palp 2p, 3r; patellae none; tibiae I 2p, 8v, 4r; II 3p, 9v, 4r; III 4p, 10v, 6r; IV 7p, 15v, 11r; palp 3p, 9v; metatarsi I 3v; II 1p, 6v, 1r; III 5p, 9v, 4r; IV 7p, 12v, 6r.

Palp: embolus slender, longer than tegulum. SA ends at embolus retrolateral face. The posterior curvature of SA occurs at the base of the embolus and forms an angle of 90°. VG deep ( Fig. 21A–D ).

Urticating setae: type VI arranged in one dorsomedian patch, brown in colour, with anterior and posterior margins notched medially, with rounded edges (butterfly-shaped). The margins are clearly defined ( Fig. 20C ).

Colour pattern: in ethanol the colour is brown, with the carapace, legs, and palps darker. In live specimens the general colour is very dark brown, with femora and carapace darker than rest of the body ( Fig. 1G ).

Distribution and natural history: Known only from Gruta de Aguacachil/Zacatecolotla in Guerrero, México ( Fig. 48 ). The species lives only inside the cave; specimens were collected on walls at a depth of 20 m from the entrance ( Fig. 1H ). Females laid fixed hammock egg-sacs in the cave wall; these were fixed between two protuberances on the wall ( Fig. 1I ). The females with egg-sacs were found close together, each protecting their egg sac. One of the egg-sacs contained 63 eggs.

Figures

Figure 1. A–H, J–L, Hemirrhagus spp. habitus; I, Hemirrhagus papalotl egg-sac. A, Hemirrhagus chilango, male CNAN 4253, in life; B, C, Hemirrhagus eros, B, female, C, male; D, E, Hemirrhagus ocellatus, D, male CNAN 4457, in life, E, female; F, Hemirrhagus benzaa sp. nov., female; G–I, H. papalotl, G, male CNAN 4461, in life, H, female CNAN 4461, in life, I, female CNAN 4459 with fixed hammock egg-sac, in life; J, K, Hemirrhagus stygius, J, male CNAN 4462, in life, K, female CNAN 4462, in life; L, Hemirrhagus franckei sp. nov., holotype male CNAN-T0776, in life. Photos: A, C, D, E, G–K: J. Mendoza; B, F, L: E. Goyer.

Figure 20. Hemirrhagus papalotl Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, male CNAN 4460. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection of the coxa (RP) on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth legs). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, sternum. G, cheliceral teeth, ventral view. H, tibial apophyses, ventral view. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view. J, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm (A–C, F, H, I), 1 mm (E, G, J), 0.5 mm (D).

Figure 21. Hemirrhagus papalotl Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, male CNAN 4460, left palpal bulb. A, ventral view. B, dorsal view. C, retrolateral view. D, prolateral view. Abbreviations: SA, subapical keel; VG, ventral groove. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 22. A–C, Hemirrhagus papalotl Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, holotype female LAAH; D, female CNAN 4459. A, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. B, opisthosoma, dorsal view. C, spermathecae, ventral view. D, spermathecae, ventral view. Scale bars = 2 mm (B), 1 mm (D), 0.5 mm (A, C).

Figure 48. Known distribution of Hemirrhagus stygius (Gertsch, 1971), Hemirrhagus elliotti (Gertsch, 1973), Hemirrhagus embolulatus sp. nov., Hemirrhagus eros Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus chilango Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus nahuanus (Gertsch, 1982), Hemirrhagus papalotl Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus grieta (Gertsch, 1982), Hemirrhagus coztic Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, and Hemirrhagus perezmilesi García-Villafuerte & Locht, 2010.