Hemirrhagus perezmilesi, Garcia-Villafuerte & Locht, 2010

Mendoza Marroquín, Jorge I., 2014, Taxonomic revision of Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), with description of five new species from Mexico, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 170 (4), pp. 634-689 : 664-667

HEMIRRHAGUS PEREZMILESI

GARCÍA- VILLAFUERTE & LOCHT, 2010

( FIGS 23A–G , 24A–D , 25A–F , 48 )

Hemirrhagus perezmilesi García-Villafuerte & Locht, 2010: 82 , figs 2–11. (D ♂, ♀)

Type material: Holotype ♂ CNAN T-0395 and paratype ♀ CNAN T-0396 , MEXICO: Cerro Tres Picos , Mpio. Villa Corzo, Chiapas xi.2007 to vi.2008, col. K. Zárate-Gálvez, C. Pérez-Bonifaz, G. Salinas, M. A. Rabasa. Examined.

Additional material examined: 2 ♂ CNAN T-0397 and CNAN T-0398 , Cerro Tres Picos , Mpio. Villa Corzo, Chiapas xi.2007 to vi.2008, col. K. Zárate-Gálvez, C. Pérez-Bonifaz, G. Salinas, M. A. Rabasa ; 1 ♂ AMNH, same data as previous .

Emended diagnosis: The following character combination is diagnostic for H. perezmilesi . Male palpal bulb with slender embolus, similar in length to tegulum, SA ends at retrolateral face of the embolus; VG shallow; embolus strongly curved retrolaterally on distal third ( Fig. 24A–D ). Ocular tubercle slightly reduced, all eyes normally developed; periocular pigmentation complete in males, in females only in anterior eye row and strongly marked in AME ( Figs 23A, C ; 25A, E ). Metatarsus I straight ( Fig. 23D ). Male tibia I lacks tibial apophyses ( Fig. 23E ). Urticating setae arranged in two lateral round patches, yellowish-orange in colour and with well-defined margins ( Figs 23B , 25B ). With stridulatory setae conformed by CLP on palpal trochanter retrolateral face and SP on trochanter I prolateral face ( Figs 23F, G , 25C, D ). Spermathecae paired, slightly fused at the base; receptacles finger-shaped and slightly bent laterally ( Fig. 25F ). Hemirrhagus perezmilesi differs from all other Hemirrhagus by the stridulatory setae conformed by CLP and SP and by lacking tibial apophyses.

Description of new features: Holotype male CNAN T 0395. Stridulatory setae: on palpal trochanter retrolateral face, almost as long as trochanter, with six CLP that gradually increase in size from 0.2 to 1.0 (ventral to dorsal) ( Fig. 23F ). Trochanter I with three SP on prolateral face ( Fig. 23G ).

Legs and palpi LSC in: femur retrolateral face; leg I coxa retrolateral face, trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face.

Paratype female CNAN T0396 . Stridulatory setae: on palpal trochanter retrolateral face, almost as long as trochanter, with four CLP wider at distal half that gradually increase in size from 0.8 to 0.9 (ventral to dorsal) ( Fig. 25C ). Trochanter I with three PL on prolateral face ( Fig. 25D ) .

Legs and palpi LSC in: femur retrolateral face; leg I coxa retrolateral face, trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face.

Distribution and natural history: Known only from Cerro Tres Picos, Reserva de la Biosfera La Sepultura, Chiapas; inhabits pine forest ( Fig. 48 ). The specimens were collected in pit-fall traps.

HEMIRRHAGUS PERNIX ( AUSSERER, 1875)

( FIGS 26A–K , 27A–C , 49 )

Crypsidromus pernix Ausserer, 1875: 178 , pl. 6 figs 22, 23 (D ♂).

Hapalopus pernix F.O.P.- Cambridge, 1897: 31, pl. 2, fig. 14a–c.

Cyrtopholis pernix Pocock, 1903: 98 ; Simon, 1903: 931; Smith, 1986: 82, fig. 34h; Smith, 1987: 82, fig. 34h; Smith, 1995: 182, figs 1011, 1021.

Hemirrhagus pernix Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003: 374 .

Type material: Holotype ♂ BMNH-351, MEXICO: Veracruz, Pic d’Orizaba. Coll. Keys. Examined by photos.

Emended diagnosis: The following character combination is diagnostic for H. pernix . Male palpal bulb with slender embolus, longer than tegulum, SA retrolaterally extended, ends at embolus retrolateral face; VG deep ( Fig. 27A–C ). Embolus strongly curved retrolaterally on distal half ( Fig. 27C ). Metatarsus I curved ( Fig. 26J ). Ocular tubercle and eyes normally developed, periocular pigmentation complete ( Fig. 26C ). With stridulatory setae conformed by SP on retrolateral face of palp trochanter and PL on prolateral face of trochanter I ( Fig. 26F, G ). Urticating setae arranged in one dorsomedian patch, platinum in colour. Hemirrhagus pernix differs from most Hemirrhagus species by the stridulatory setae being conformed by SP and PL. It differs from H. nahuanus by the strongly curved metatarsus I and from H. franckei sp. nov. by the strong posterior curvature of SA.

Redescription: Holotype male: body length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 26.90, carapace: 10.90 long, 9.20 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea recurved ( Fig. 26A ).

Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation complete and all eyes normally developed. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.29; ALE 0.31; PME 0.22; PLE 0.27; AME–AME 0.23; AME–ALE 0.15; PME–PME 0.82; PME–PLE 0.039; ALE–PLP 0.17. Ocular tubercle normally developed, width 1.80; length 1.40; clypeus lacking ( Fig. 26C ). Labium: length 1.40; width 1.80; with 30 cuspules ( Fig. 26D ). Maxilla inner corner with approximately 120 cuspules. Cheliceral pro- margin with 11 teeth (proximal to distal: first-third large, fourth-sixth medium, seventh-eleventh large). Sternum length 4.30. Sigillae oval, third and fourth pairs hardly visible; fourth pair one and a half times its length from the margin ( Fig. 26B, E ).

Leg formula: IV, I, III, II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 8.6, 4.6, 6.7, 7.0, 5.5, 32.4. II: 8.3, 4.3, 6.3, 6.9, 5.3, 31.1. III: 8.4, 3.8, 6.3, 7.9, 5.5, 31.9. IV: 10.2, 4.3, 8.1, 10.9, 6.7, 40.2. Palp: 6.5, 3.6, 5.4, -, 1.54, 17.04. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.9 long, 0.8 apart; PLS, 2.1 basal, 1.2 middle, 1.3 distal.

Scopulae: tarsi I– IV densely scopulate, III and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I densely scopulate, II scopulate on distal half, III scopulate on distal third, and IV scopulate on distal fifth.

Tibia I with two apophyses, which do not originate from a common base, Pap normally developed with one large spinose seta on ventral face, the spinose seta does not exceed the apex of Pap; Rap normally developed, broad at its base, with one large spinose seta on dorsal face, the spinose seta does not exceed the apex of Rap ( Fig. 26H, I ). Metatarsus I curved ( Fig. 26J ).

Stridulatory setae: located on palpal trochanter retrolateral face, positioned proximally. With c. 11 SP of similar size, disorganized. Trochanter I with PL on prolateral face ( Fig. 26F, G ).

Legs and palpi LSC in: unknown, the holotype lost most of its body setae due to conditions of preservation.

Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 1p; II 3p, 3r; III 2p, 4r; IV 2p, 3r; palp 1p, 1r; patellae III 1d; IV 1d; palp 1d; tibiae I 3p, 9v; II 4p, 12v; III 5p, 12v, 3r; IV 6p, 11v, 4r; palp 6p, 4r; metatarsi I 3v; II 1d, 5v; III 3p, 11v, 5r; IV 2d, 6p, 13v, 5r.

Palp: embolus wide at the base, tapering distally, longer than tegulum, SA retrolaterally extended, ends at embolus retrolateral face; VG deep ( Fig. 27A ). Embolus strongly curved retrolaterally on distal half ( Fig. 27C ).

Urticating setae: type VI, arranged in one dorsomedian patch, platinum in colour; all margins of the patch well defined, anterior and posterior margins undivided.

Colour pattern: the colour is black in ethanolpreserved specimens ( Fig. 27K ).

Distribution and natural history: Known only from Pico de Orizaba, Veracruz-Puebla, México, presumed habitat of this species is pine forest ( Fig. 49 ).

Note: The exact distribution site of this species is unknown. However, in 2012 after a review of potential sites for these tarantulas near Pico de Orizaba, two Hemirrhagus juveniles were collected that seem to match the diagnostic features of H. pernix . These

specimens are being kept alive to wait for them to mature in order to establish their specific identity.

HEMIRRHAGUS PUEBLA ( GERTSCH, 1982)

( FIGS 28A–F , 49 )

Spelopelma puebla Gertsch, 1982: 91 , fig. 16 (D ♀); Schmidt, 1993: 68, fig. 132; Smith, 1995: 36, figs 44–54; Schmidt, 2003: 118, fig. 70.

Hemirrhagus puebla Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003: 373 .

Type material: Holotype ♀ AMNH, MEXICO: Puebla, Mpio. Cuetzalan del Progreso, Cueva de Tasalolpan. 22.xii.1976, col. J. Reddell, A. Grubbs, C. Soileau and D. McKenzie. Examined.

Note: Smith, 1995 mentioned one juvenile specimen deposited in AMNH belonging to H. puebla . This specimen was collected in Cueva de la Barranca, 8 km south-west of Cuetzalan, Puebla, 25.xii.1973, col. D. McKenzie. After review, it was determined that this specimen does not belong to H. puebla and it is an undescribed species.

Emended diagnosis: The following character combination is diagnostic for H. puebla . Ocular tubercle not developed, PLE reduced, AME and PME as integumentary spots; periocular pigmentation absent ( Fig. 28C ). Lacking urticating setae on abdomen ( Fig. 28E ). Tarsi I and II scopulae divided by narrow band of setae, III and IV divided by strong band of setae. Spermathecae paired, receptacles close together and strongly fused at their base ( Fig. 28F ). Hemirrhagus puebla differs from all other Hemirrhagus species by the spermathecae receptacles being close together and strongly fused at their base and in having the AME and PME as integumentary spots.

Redescription: Holotype female: body length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 12.99, carapace: 6.64 long, 4.68 wide. Caput not elevated; fovea recurved, width 1.10 ( Fig. 28A ).

Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row straight. Periocular pigmentation absent, PLE reduced, AME and PME as integumentary spots. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.24; ALE 0.11; PME 0.081; PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.15; AME–ALE 0.14; PME–PME 0.48; PME–PLE 0.065; ALE–PLE 0.073. Ocular tubercle undeveloped, width 1.10; length 0.3; clypeus lacking ( Fig. 28C ). Labium: length 0.65; width 1.20; with eight cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with approximately 115 cuspules ( Fig. 28D ). Cheliceral promargin with 13 teeth (proximal to distal: first medium, second-fifth large, sixth-seventh medium, eighth-thirteenth large) ( Fig. 22F ). Sternum length 2.6. Sigillae oval, second, third, and fourth pairs hardly visible; fourth pair one and a half times its length from the margin ( Fig. 28B ).

Leg formula: IV, I, III, II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 6.60, 3.49, 6.08, 5.30, 3.53, 25.0. II: 5.85, 3.33, 5.23, 4.74, 3.45, 22.60. III: 5.73, 3.18, 5.30, 5.93, 4.14, 24.28. IV: 7.28, 3.04, 7.24, 8.32, 4.25, 30.13. Palp: 4.90, 2.71, 4.07, -, 2.97, 14.65. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.3 long, 0.1 apart; PLS, 1.1 basal, 0.5 middle, 0.8 distal.

Scopulae: tarsi I– IV densely scopulate; I and II divided by narrow band of setae, III and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I and II densely scopulate; III scopulate on distal half, and IV scopulate on distal third.

Stridulatory setae: lacking.

Legs and palpi LSC in: palp trochanter prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral and retrolateral faces; leg I coxa retrolateral face, trochanter prolateral face.

Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 1p; II 1p; III 1p, 2r; IV 1p, 1r; palp 1p; patellae palp 1v; tibiae I 4v; II 2p, 3v; III 2p, 8v, 2r; IV 2p, 7v, 3r; palp 1p, 9v; metatarsi I 2v; II 3v; III 5p, 7v, 1r; IV 3p, 10v, 2r.

Genitalia: spermathecae paired, receptacles close together and strongly fused at their base; slightly curved outwards from the base, without neck defined by interior and exterior margins ( Fig. 28F ).

Urticating setae: lacking ( Fig. 28E ).

Colour pattern: live specimens have not been observed. In ethanol the colour is yellowish.

Distribution and natural history: Known only from Cueva de Tasalolpan in Cuetzalan, Puebla, México ( Fig. 49 ). The species has not been found outside this cave.

HEMIRRHAGUS REDDELLI ( GERTSCH, 1973)

( FIGS 29A–K , 49 )

Schizopelma reddelli Gertsch, 1973: 143 , fig. 2b (D ♀).

Spelopelma reddelli Gertsch, 1982: 91 , fig. 15; Schmidt, 1993: 68, fig. 131; Smith, 1995: 36, figs 55–63; Schmidt, 2003: 118, fig. 71.

Hemirrhagus reddelli Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003: 374 .

Type material: Holotype ♀ AMNH, MEXICO: Oaxaca, Cueva del Nacimiento del río San Antonio. 09.iii.1973, col. J. Reddell, S. Murphy, D. McKenzie, M. McKenzie and M. Butterwick. Examined.

Additional material examined: 1 ♀ AMNH, MEXICO: Oaxaca, 10 km south-south-west of Acatlán, Cueva del

Nacimiento del río San Antonio. 31.xii.1973, col. J. Reddell, W. Elliott, R. Jameson.

Emended diagnosis: The following character combination is diagnostic for H. reddelli . Ocular tubercle undeveloped; PME reduced to integumentary spots; periocular pigmentation only in AME ( Fig. 29C ). With stridulatory setae conformed by HFS on the base of retrolateral face of palp femur, PL on retrolateral face of palp trochanter and three SP distally on prolateral face of trochanter I ( Fig. 29F–H ). Lacking urticating setae on abdomen. Labium with fewer than ten cuspules ( Fig. 29D ). Metatarsus IV lacking scopula. Spermathecae paired, receptacles separated at base, straight and slender throughout their length ( Fig. 29J, K ). Hemirrhagus reddelli differs from all other Hemirrhagus species by the stridulatory setae being conformed by HFS on retrolateral face of palp femur.

Redescription: Holotype female: body length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 20.22, carapace: 8.99 long, 7.05 wide. Caput not elevated; fovea recurved, width 2.50 ( Fig. 29A ).

Eyes: anterior eye row recurved, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation only present in AME, PME very reduced, only integumentary spots. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.185; ALE 0.14; PME 0.11; PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.071; AME–ALE 0.23; PME–PME 0.625; PME–PLE 0.057; ALE–PLE 0.071. Ocular tubercle undeveloped, width 1.25; length 0.4; clypeus lacking ( Fig. 29C ). Labium: length 1.15; width 1.70; with seven cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with approximately 122 cuspules ( Fig. 29D ). Cheliceral promargin with 11 teeth (proximal to distal: first medium, second-fifth large, sixth medium, seventh-tenth large, eleventh medium; Fig. 29I ). Sternum length 4.1. Sigillae large oval, second, third, and fourth pairs hardly visible; fourth pair once its length from the margin ( Fig. 29B, E ).

Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 10.37, 4.77, 10.88, 10.09, 6.68, 42.79. II: 9.90, 4.74, 10.06, 10.02, 6.97, 41.69. III: 10.11, 3.95, 9.16, 10.89, 7.12, 41.23. IV: 11.90, 4.32, 12.59, 15.05, 8.34, 52.20. Palp: 7.48, 3.93, 6.32, -, 6.09, 23.82. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.0 long, 1.1 apart; PLS, 2.4 basal, 1.7 middle, 2.3 distal.

Scopulae: tarsi II – V densely scopulate, III and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I and II densely scopulate; III scopulate on distal half, and IV without scopulae.

Stridulatory setae: SP on trochanter I prolateral located distocentrally, with three spinose setae large and curved ( Fig. 29G ). There is also a group of c. 20 hard setae ( FHS), congregated in a subcircular spot basally on palp femur retrolateral ( Fig. 29F ). Palp trochanter with PL retrolaterally ( Fig. 29H ).

Legs and palpi LSC in: palp femur retrolateral face; leg I coxa retrolateral face, trochanter prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral face; leg II trochanter prolateral face.

Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 1p; II 2p; III 2p, 2r; IV 1p, 1r; palp 1p; patellae none; tibiae I 2p, 6v; II 2p, 5v, 1r; III 2p, 8v, 3r; IV 2p, 8v, 3r; palp 1p, 8v, 1r; metatarsi I 1v; II 5v; III 4p, 9v, 3r; IV 2d, 4p, 8v, 1r.

Genitalia: spermathecae paired; receptacles completely separated at their base, longer than wide, straight and slender throughout their length; with neck defined by interior and exterior margins ( Fig. 29J ).

Urticating setae: lacking.

Colour pattern: live specimens have not been observed. In ethanol the colour is yellowish.

Distribution and natural history: Known only from Cueva del Nacimiento del Río San Antonio, Oaxaca, México ( Fig. 49 ). The species has not been found outside this cave.

Figures

Figure 22. A–C, Hemirrhagus papalotl Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, holotype female LAAH; D, female CNAN 4459. A, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. B, opisthosoma, dorsal view. C, spermathecae, ventral view. D, spermathecae, ventral view. Scale bars = 2 mm (B), 1 mm (D), 0.5 mm (A, C).

Figure 23. Hemirrhagus perezmilesi García-Villafuerte & Locht, 2010, holotype male CNAN-T0395. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, opisthosoma, lateral view. C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, metatarsus I, prolateral view. E, tibia I, ventral view. F, palp trochanter claviform parallel setae (CLP), retrolateral view. G, trochanter I spiniform setae (SP), prolateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm (A, B), 1 mm (D–G), 0.5 mm (C).

Figure 24. Hemirrhagus perezmilesi García-Villafuerte & Locht, 2010, holotype male CNAN-T0395, left palpal bulb: A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. C, dorsal view. D, ventral view. Abbreviations: SA, subapical keel; VG, ventral groove. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figure 25. Hemirrhagus perezmilesi García-Villafuerte & Locht, 2010, paratype female CNAN-T0396. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, opisthosoma, dorsal view. C, palp trochanter claviform parallel setae (CLP), retrolateral view. D, palp trochanter CLP and trochanter I spiniform setae (SP), ventral view. E, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. F, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm (A, B), 1 mm (C, D), 0.5 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F).

Figure 26. Hemirrhagus pernix (Ausserer, 1875), holotype male BMNH 351. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection of the coxa (RP) on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth legs). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial cuspules. E, sternum. F, trochanter I plumose setae (PL), prolateral view. G, palp trochanter spiniform setae (SP), retrolateral view. H, tibial apophyses, ventral view. I, tibial apophyses, ventral view. J, metatarsus and tarsus I, retrolateral view. K, habitus. Scale bars = 10 mm (K), 4 mm (J), 2 mm (A, B, E, H, I), 1 mm (C, D, F), 0.5 mm (G).

Figure 27. Hemirrhagus pernix (Ausserer, 1875), holotype male BMNH 351, right palpal bulb: A, prolateral view. B, retrolateral view. C, ventral view. Abbreviations: SA, subapical keel; VG, ventral groove. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 28. Hemirrhagus puebla (Gertsch, 1982), holotype female AMNH. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection of the coxa (RP) on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth legs). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, opisthosoma, dorsal view. F, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm (A, B, E), 1 mm (C, D), 0.2 mm (F).

Figure 29. A–J, Hemirrhagus reddelli (Gertsch, 1973), holotype female AMNH; K, female AMNH. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection of the coxa (RP) on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth legs). C, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D, labial and maxillary cuspules. E, sternum. F, palp trochanter plumose setae (PL) and femur hard setae (FHS), retrolateral view. G, trochanter I spiniform setae (SP) distally, ventral view. H, palp trochanter PL and femur FHS, dorsal view. I, cheliceral teeth, ventral view. J, spermathecae, dorsal view. K, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm (A, B, E), 1 mm (C, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (G, J, K).

Figure 48. Known distribution of Hemirrhagus stygius (Gertsch, 1971), Hemirrhagus elliotti (Gertsch, 1973), Hemirrhagus embolulatus sp. nov., Hemirrhagus eros Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus chilango Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus nahuanus (Gertsch, 1982), Hemirrhagus papalotl Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus grieta (Gertsch, 1982), Hemirrhagus coztic Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, and Hemirrhagus perezmilesi García-Villafuerte & Locht, 2010.

Figure 49. Known distribution of Hemirrhagus mitchelli (Gertsch, 1982), Hemirrhagus puebla (Gertsch, 1982), Hemirrhagus ocellatus Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus gertschi Pérez-Miles & Locht, 2003, Hemirrhagus valdezi sp. nov., Hemirrhagus pernix (Ausserer, 1875), Hemirrhagus franckei sp. nov., Hemirrhagus reddelli (Gertsch, 1973), Hemirrhagus benzaa sp. nov., and Hemirrhagus guichi sp. nov.