Asturodes bioalfae Solis, 2020

Solis, M. Alma, Rodríguez, Eugenie Phillips-, Hallwachs, Winnie, Dapkey, Tanya & Janzen, Daniel H., 2020, Asturodes Amsel (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae): Three New Species From The Western Hemisphere And Food Plant Records From Area De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 122 (1), pp. 147-171 : 163-165

Asturodes bioalfae Solis , new species

http://zoobank.org/ 496C5234-EF12- 4BF9-AF4D-6AFA7E12FBA4 ( Figs. 3 , 10 , 16‒17 , 22 )

Diagnosis.—A dark brown line in radial area between reniform spot and postmedial line; second lengthwise line of zigzag between Rs4 and M1 1/2 as long as the first lengthwise line ( Figs. 3 , 10 , see red circle); female genitalia with ductus bursae anterior third of equal width throughout ( Fig. 22 ).

Description.—Adult. Head: Vertex with upright yellow scales with mostly dark brown scales on posterior side of and behind scape. Proboscis with yellow scales basally, becoming dark brown as proboscis curves under. Labial palpus as in A. fimbriauralis ( Fig. 6 ) with first and second segments yellow, with dark band anteriorly, entire width. Thorax: Forewing pattern as in Figures 3 and 10 , a dark brown line posterior to M2 near margin, only a spot on M1 with no dark brown band to postmedial line; reniform spot a dark brown circle with a spot in the center, a dark brown line on radial area between reniform spot and postmedial line; first lengthwise line of zigzag between Rs3 and Rs4 broad; second lengthwise line of zigzag between Rs4 and M1 1/2 as long as first lengthwise line ( Fig. 10 , see red circle); antemedial line complete. Abdomen: Third abdominal tergite anteriorly with a dark brown transverse band, fourth with anteromedial dark spot, fifth tergite with a silver transverse band posteriorly ( Fig. 3 ). Male genitalia ( Figs. 16–17 ) with uncus head short, lateral setae, and basally dorsomedial setae; uncus tip not prominent. Parateguminal androconia oblong, trapezoid, not wide. Valva with fibula, or sclerotized, thin, scoop-like process curving toward costal margin. Juxta slightly sclerotized. Phallus with vesica proximally with thick spines in two square-like patterns. Female genitalia ( Fig. 22 ) with ductus bursae with a square-like antrum about 2 mm in width, followed by a sclerotized band and two small, sclerotized structures within that are as wide as the band, remainder membranous, then ductus bursae twice as wide as antrum, then constricted again, similar to antrum width to corpus bursae. Corpus bursae round, signum absent. Ductus seminalis originating about halfway between ostium bursae and corpus bursae.

Etymology.—The species epithet ” bioalfae ” is a noun named for Costa Rica’s new plan to become the first bioliterate tropical nation; BioAlfa is derived from BioAlfabetizado, which in Spanish means to be bioliterate.

Distribution.— Mexico south to South America, including Trinidad. This species is often difficult to distinguish from A. junkoshimurae ; it is recommended that specimens that are rubbed or in poor condition be dissected or barcoded for confirmation.

Biological remarks.—This species has been reared 95 times from wild collected caterpillars on G. polygama (Rhamnaceae) in the ACG rain forest by DHJ and WH ( Janzen and Hallwachs 2019). DNA barcodes of this species are so similar to those of A. junkoshimurae that the BIN algorithm puts them in the same BIN (BOLD:AAA0406), but the distinctive shallow split within the BIN led to detailed examination of their genitalia. This examination confirmed that the BIN contained two similar species that can be distinguished by genitalia and minimal differences in barcodes. It is also notable that A. bioalfae has been found only in the ACG rain forest, while A. junkoshimurae occurs throughout the ACG dry forest, rain forest and intergrades, wherever Gouania occurs.

Type Material.— HOLOTYPE ♀: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Rincon Rain Forest : Sendero Huerta , 527 m, pupa eclosed 11/14/2011, larva collected 10/31/2011, fp: Gouania polygama , 11- SRNP-4249 [USNMENT01462909]. PARATYPES: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: 1♂, Camino Porvenir , 383 m, 10.90383, -85.25964, ecl. 11.II.2011, coll. 26.I.2011, fp: G. polygama , USNM slide #115636, 11-SRNP-40462 [USNMENT01462946]; 1♂, Conguera , 420 m, 10.91589, -85.26631, ecl. 14.III.2010, coll. 17.II.2010, fp: G. polygama , USNM slide #115634, 10- SRNP-40612 [USNMENT01462940]; 1♀, Estación Caribe, 415 m, 10.90187, -85.27495, ecl. 30.IX.2009, coll. 11. IX.2009, fp: G. polygama , 09-SRNP- 42529 [USNMENT01462954]; 1♀, Flecha , 491 m, 10.94741, -85.31501, ecl. 11.VIII.2009, coll. 27.VII.2009, fp: G. polygama , USNM slide #115492, 09- SRNP-69657 [USNMENT01462895]; 2♂♂, Llano Conostegia , 430 m, 10.89492, -85.26671, ecl. 17.X.2011, coll. 27. IX.2011, fp: G. polygama , 11-SRNP- 44365 [USNMENT01462941]; 2♀♀, Quebrada Escondida, 420 m, 10.89928, -85.27486, ecl., coll. 22.IX.2009, fp: G. polygama , 09-SRNP-42658 [USN- MENT01462956 ]; 1♀, Rio Areno , 460 m, 10.91407, -85.38174, ecl. 18.IX. 2009, coll. 4.IX.2009, fp: G. polygama , 09-SRNP-4636 [USNMENT01462951]; 2♀♀, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500 m, 10.90037, -85.37254, ecl. 11.IV.2009, coll. 29.III.2009, fp: G. polygama , 09-SRNP- 1225 [USNMENT01462957]; ecl. 1.XII.2009, coll. 16.XI.2009, fp: G. polygama , 09-SRNP-6047 [USN- MENT01462953 ]; 1♀, Rio Francia Arriba , 400 m, 10.89666, -85.29003, ecl. 13.VIII.2012, coll. 25.VII.2012, fp: G. polygama , 12-SRNP-43772 [USN- MENT01462939 ]; 1♀, 3♂♂, San Lucas, 320 m, 10.91847, -85.30338, ecl. 1.X.2009, coll. 18.IX.2009, fp: G. polygama , 09- RNP-42578 [USNMENT01462952]; ecl. 30.X.2009, coll. 7.X.2009, fp: G. polygama , 09-SRNP-42790 [USNMENT- 01462955]; ecl. 24.VI.2010, coll. 11. VI.2010, fp: G. polygama , USNM slide #115493, 10-SRNP-42150 [USNMENT- 01462900]; ecl. 30.VI.2010, coll. 14.VI. 2010, fp: G. polygama , 10-SRNP-42226 [USNMENT01462944]; 2♀♀, same data as holotype, ecl. 5.II.2010, coll. 11.I. 2010, 10-SRNP-297 [USNMENT- 01462950]; ecl. 7.XI.2011, coll. 22.X. 2011, fp: G. polygama , 11-SRNP-4164 [USNMENT01462935]; 1♀, Sendero Venado , 420 m, 10.89678, -85.27001, ecl. 20.IV.2010, coll. 3.IV.2010, fp: G. polygama , USNM slide #115637, 10- SRNP-41302 [USNMENT01462942]; 1♀, Tajo Angeles , 540 m, 10.86472, -85.41531, ecl. 27.VII.2010, coll. 12.VII.2010, fp: G. polygama , 10-SRNP-3827 [USN- MENT01462948 ].

Other specimens examined: BELIZE: Cayo: 1♀, M[oun]t[ai]n. Pine Ridge, Granite Cairn , 15.VI.1990, L.C. Dow [MGCL]; 1♂, 1♀, San Ignacio, 22. VI. 1990, L.C. Dow [MGCL]; 1♂, 10-11. VI.1990 [MGCL]; Stan Creek: 1♀, Cockscomb Wildlife Sanct [uary]., Jaguar Preserve , 10-12.V.1990, L.C. Dow [MGCL]. BRAZIL: Rondonia: 3♂♂, 62 km S Ariquemes, Fazenda Rancho Grande , 62 ° 48 ̍ W, 0 ° 32 ̍ S, 165 m, 18‒26.IV.1991, R. Leuschner [USN- MENT01116069 , USNMENT01116070, USNMENT01116071]; 2♂♂, Faz. Rancho Grande, Vic. Cacaulândia , 16.III.91, C.V. Covell, Jr. [USNMENT01116081]; 15.III.91 [USNMENT01116076]; 1♂, Porto Velho, 180 m, 30.IV.1989, V. O. Becker [USNMENT01116072]; 1♂, 24- 30.IV.1989 [USNMENT01116077]; Para: 2♂, Belem , 20 m, I.1984, V. O. Becker [USNMENT01116073, USNMENT01- 116078]; 4♂♂, Maraba, 50 m, 9.I.1977, V. O. Becker [USNMENT01116074, USN- MENT01116075 , USNMENT01116079, USNMENT01116080]; Maranhao: 1♂, Acailandia, 150 m, 19‒27.XI.1990, V. O. Becker and G. S. Dubois [USNME- NT01116236]; abdomen missing, Rondonia, 62 km S Ariquemes, 165 m, Faz. Rancho Grande, 10 ° 32 ̍ S, 62 ° 48 ̍ W, 27.VIII‒8.IX.1994, R. Leuschner [MGCL]. COLOMBIA: Valle: 1♂, Calima Dam , 76 ° 34 ̍, 3 ° 53 ̍, 100 m, 11.I.1992, J.B. Sullivan [USNMENT01469976]; 1♂, Narino, Las Marias, Rio Satinga , 20.VIII.1977, R.W. Hutchings [MGCL]. COSTA RICA: Limón: 1 ♀, Six [a]ola Riv [er], IV.1907, W. Schaus [USN- MENT01116105 ]; Heredia: 2 ♀♀, Chilamate, 100 m, 11.VIII.1986, C.V. Covell, Jr. [USNMENT01116104, USNMENT01116105]; Cartago: 1♂, 1 ♀, Turrialba , 15‒19.VII.1965, P.J. Spangler [USNMENT01116238, USN- MENT01116239 ]; Guanacaste: 1 ♀, Rio La Vieja nr. Lagarto, 2‒3.VII.1967, Flint & Ortiz [USNMENT011162402]; 1♀, Hacienda Los Inocentes , 350 m, 11 ° 2 ̍ 0.67", 85 ° 30 ̍ 14.29", 8‒9.IX.2005, A. Sourakov [MGCL]. ECUADOR: Morona Santiago: 1♀, Macas , no date, E.W. Rorer [USNMENT01116096]; Napo: 1♀, Limoncocha, el. 240, 24‒ 27.VI. 1980, C.V. Covell, Jr. [USN- MENT01116102 ]; 1♂, Jct. Rio Napo & Misahualli, 77 ° 664 ̍ W, 1.034 ° S, 366 m, 6‒18.IX.1998, R. Leuschner [USN- MENT01116100 ]; Orellana: 1♂, Rio Shripuno, Shiripuno Lodge , 26 km SE bridge on rd. from Coca , 76 ° 43.54 ̍ W, 1 ° 06.17 ° S, 230 m, 20‒22.I.2009, J.S. Miller, D. Wagner, E. Tapia, and W. Simbana [USNMENT01116101]; 1♀, Coca , Rio Napo, 20.VI.1986, L. Kasarov [MGCL]; Pichincha: 1♂, Sto Domingo de los Colorados , 22.IX.1970, R.E. Dietz [USNMENT01116095]; 2♂♂, 1♀, 600 m, 6‒11.V.1990, R. Leuschner [USN- MENT01116097 , USNMENT01116098, USNMENT01116099]. FRENCH GUI- ANA: Saint-Laurent-du Maroni: 1♂, St. Jean , no date, W. Schaus [USNMENT01116092]; Cayenne: 2♂♂, vic. Cacao , 30.III.1986, C.V. Covell, Jr. [USNMENT01116093, USNMENT01116094]; 1♂, Roura , 40 km E, R. dePatawa, 20.XII.1997, W.H. Russell [MGCL]. GUATEMALA: Izabal: 2♀♀, Cayuga , IV, Schaus and Barnes [USN- MENT01116257 , USNMENT01116258]; 2♀♀, Biotopo Chocon Machacas, 5 m, at MV Light , 18‒20.VI.2002, J.C. Schuster and R.E. Woodruff [MGCL]; 1♀, Matis de Galvez, 14‒16.VIII.1965, Flint and Ortiz [USNMENT01116262]; 1♀, 5 mi. S. Guatemala City, 7.VIII.1965, no collector [USNMENT01116259, USN- MENT01116260 ]; Suchitepequez: 1♂, Cuyotenango , 10‒20.VI.1966, Flint and Ortiz , [USNMENT01116261]. HONDURAS: 1♀, 18 km west of La Ceiba, 2.VI.1979, R. Lehman [USN- MENT01116289 ]. MEXICO: Chiapas: 1♂, Chiapas , no date, Hoffman [USNMENT01116263]; Veracruz: 1♀, Cordoba , 6.V.08, F. Knab [USN- MENT01116267 ]; 1♂, 19.VI.1966, A.B. Lau [USNMENT01116268]; Orizaba: 1♀, Orizaba , I.1911, R. Muller [USN- MENT01116264 ]; 1♂, Orizaba, no date, W. Schaus [USNMENT01116265]; San Luis Potosi: 1♂, 25 mi. N. Tamazunchale, 400 ft, 3‒4.VIII.1963, Duckworth and Davis [USNMENT01116270]; 1♂, 2 mi. N. Tamazunchale, 400 ft, 16‒ 18.VII.1963, Duckworth and Davis [USN- MENT01116271 ]; Tabasco: 1♀, Reforma , 2.VI.1938 [USNMENT01116266]. PAN- AMA: Cabima: 1♂, Cabima , 16.V.1911, A. Busck [USNMENT01116066]; Canal Zone: 1♂, Fort Clayton , Q[uar]t[er]s. 426, 9.VII.1951, no collector [USN- MENT01116067 ]; 1♀, Ft. Clayton, F.S. Blanton [USNMENT01116256]; 2♀♀, Rio Trinidad, 15‒31.III.1912, A. Busck [USN- MENT01116244 , USNMENT01116243]; 1♀, Barro Colo. I[s]l[an]d, Z. No. 4725, Lot No. 41-4653, at light, 21.III.1942, J. Zetek [USNMENT01116247]; 1♀, Z. No. 4927, Lot No. 42-4149; at light, 2.III.1942, no collector [USNMENT01116248]; 1♀, Barro Colo. I[sland], Z. No. 4683, Lot No. 40-21578, 10.X.1940, no collector [USNMENT01116249]; 1♂, San Lorenzo , 79 ° 58 ̍ W, 9 ° 17 ̍ N, 22.X.2003, CAN1 , R. L. Kitching [USNMENT01116252]; 1♂, GRND 3 , 13.X.2003 [USNMEN- T01116251]; 1♂, Canopy 2, 27.IX.2003 [USNMENT01116252]; 1♂, Canopy 2, 27.IX.2003, no collector [USNMENT- 01116253]; 1♂, Canopy 1, 5.I.2003, no collector [USNMENT01116254]; Bocas del Toro: 1♂, Bocasdelton [sic], I.1914, no collector [USNMENT01116245]. PERU: 1♂, Madre de Dios: Rio Tambopata Res; 30 air km SW P[uer]to Maldonado , 290 m, subtropical moist forest, 6‒10.XI.1979, J.B. Heppner [USNMENT01116091]; Manu: 1♀, Pakitza , Trail 2, m[ar]k[e]r. 9, 71 ° 18 ̍ W, 11 ° 56 ̍ S, 250 m, 21-22.IX. 1989, D. Adamski and M. Epstein [UN- MENT01116065 ]; Maynas: 1♂, Iquitos , 24.III.1987, L. Kasarov [MGCL]. TRI- NIDAD: 1♀, Mornebleu , 9.I.1982, O. Pellmyr [USNMENT01116241]; 1 ♀, Arima Valley, Andrew Trace , sec. forest UTM 848 844, Uv light, 10.I.1982, O. Pellmyr [USNMENT01116242]; 1♂, Asa Wright Nature C[en]t[e]r, 6 mi. N of Arima , 1000 ̍, 2‒7.IX.2000, R. Leuschner [USNMENT01469975]; 1♀, St. Augustine, Pax Guest House , blacklight trap, 3‒10.XI.2000, R.E. Woodruff [MGCL]. VENEZUELA: Amazonas: 1♂, Cerro de la Neblina Basecamp, 66 ° 10 ̍ W, 0 ° 50 ̍ N, 140 m, At black light in rainforest clearing near Rio Baria , 27.I.1985, P.J. and P.M. Spangler, R. Faitoute, W. Steiner [USNMENT0- 1116090]; Aragua: Rancho Grande : 1 ♀, 1100 m, 22‒31.VIII.1967, R. W. Poole [USNMENT01116085]; 2♂♂, 1100 m, cloud forest, 16-20.VII.1981, J. Heppner [USNMENT01116278, USNMENT- 01116279]; 1♂, 1100 m, 22‒23.VI.1984, C.V. Covell, Jr. [USNMENT01469942]; Barinas: 1♂, Barrancas Research Sta [tion]. Rio Yuca , 400 ft, seasonal forest, black light, 1.II.1978, J.B. Heppner [USNMENT0- 1116083]; Bolivar: 1 ♀, 14 km S of El Dorado , lowland rain forest, black-light, 19.III.1978, J.B. Heppner [USNMENT- 01116084]; 1 ♀, Kanarakuni , 450 m, 8.II.1967, F. Fernandez and A.D. Ascoli [USNMENT01116266]; Carabobo: 3♂♂, 1 ♀, San Esteban, 1–20.XII.1939, P.J. Anduse [USNMENT01116087, USNMENT01116- 088, USNMENT01116089, USNMEN- T01116272]; Merida: 1♂, 5 km SW Santa Maria de Caparo , 500 ft, lowland seasonal forest, 23.II.1978, J.B. Heppner [USN- MENT01116086 ]; Yaracuy: 3♂♂, 2 ♀, Aroa , no date, W. Schaus [USN- MENT01116273 , USNMENT01116274, USNMENT01116275, USNMENT01116276, USNMENT01116277]; Zulia: 3♂♂, 2 ♀, Guasare coal camp, 45 km W. Cassasquero, Sierra Perija , 80-140 m, 19-25.VIII.1981, J. Heppner [USNMENT01116280, USN- MENT01116281 , USNMENT01116282, USNMENT01116283, USNMENT01116284, USNMENT01116285]; 1♂, Yurubi Nat [iona]l. Park 20 km SE Yumare , montane seasonal forest, 9.III.1978, J. B. Heppner [USNMENT01116082].

Figures

Figs. 1‒7. Adults, Asturodes. 1, A. junkoshimurae, USNMENT01462908, forewing length=10.0 mm. 2, A. fimbriauralis, USNMENT01462896, forewing length=11.0 mm. 3, A. bioalfae, USNMENT01462909, forewing length 0.9 mm. 4, A. encisoensis, USNMENT01116302, forewing length=0.8 mm. 5, Holotype male of A. fimbriauralis [BMNH]. 6, A. fimbriauralis, head, lp=labial palpi. 7, A. encisoensis, head.

Figs. 8–11. Asturodes stylized wing patterns, red circles indicate distinguishing patterns (see text and key). 8, A. junkoshimurae. 9, A. fimbriauralis. 10, A. bioalfae. 11, A. encisoensis.

Figs. 12–19. Asturodes male genitalia and phallus. 12–13, A. junkoshimurae, USNM slide #115489. 14–15, A. fimbriauralis, USNM slide #115491. 16–17, A. bioalfae, USNM slide #115493. 18-19, A. encisoensis, USNM slide #115502, #115504.

Figs. 20–23. Asturodes female genitalia. 20, A. junkoshimurae, USNM slide #115488. 21, A. fimbriauralis, USNM slide #115490. 22, A. bioalfae, USNM slide #115492. 23, A. encisoensis, USNM slide #115503.