Nephasoma (Nephasoma) abyssorum abyssorum (Koren and Danielssen, 1875)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.3906/zoo-1405-74 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87CB-2662-FFF6-FCB6-19AD4B429D58 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Nephasoma (Nephasoma) abyssorum abyssorum (Koren and Danielssen, 1875) |
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Nephasoma (Nephasoma) abyssorum abyssorum (Koren and Danielssen, 1875) View in CoL
Description: Body wall smooth, whitish ( Figure 5D View Figure 5 ). Trunk with elliptical skin bodies and some dome-shaped papillae at posterior end. Introvert with digitiform tentacles. Hooks spirally arranged on introvert. Two retractor muscles. Weakly developed spindle muscle present. Eyespots absent.
Distribution: Northwestern Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian oceans and Mediterranean Sea ( Saiz Salinas, 1993a; Cutler, 1994; Açik, 2011).
Nephasoma (Nephasoma) constrictum (Southern, 1913)
Description: Body wall semitransparent, pale gray and brownish ( Figure 5E View Figure 5 ). Large, numerous dome-shaped papillae covering entire trunk; finger-like papillae on posterior part of trunk. Distinct constriction present on trunk-introvert junction. Hooks not present.
Distribution: Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea ( Cutler, 1994; Açik, 2011).
Nephasoma (Nephasoma) diaphanes diaphanes (Gerould, 1913)
Description: Body wall translucent or transparent ( Figure 5F View Figure 5 ). Trunk length 8–10 times longer than trunk width. Digitiform papillae at trunk end. Introvert with small scattered hooks and with few short tentacular lobes. Nephridiopores at level of anus.
Remarks: Cutler and Cutler (1986) regarded Nephasoma (N.) minutum as a hermaphrodite species and its distribution limited in the northeastern Atlantic, whereas N. (N.) diaphanes is dioecious and cosmopolitan. Therefore, the reports of N (N.) minutum from the Mediterranean Sea, including those from the coasts of Turkey (i.e. Ostroumoff, 1894, 1896; Jakubova, 1948; Caspers, 1968; Bacescu et al., 1971), most likely are also N (N.) diaphanes diaphanes .
Distribution: Cosmopolitan in deep waters ( Cutler, 1994).
Nephasoma (Nephasoma) eremita (Sars, 1851)
Description: Body wall smooth, pale creamy tan to dark reddish brown ( Figure 5G View Figure 5 ). Unclear transverse and parallel grooves present on trunk wall. Cylindrical trunk with abrupt taper to introvert. Introvert with digitiform tentacles. Hooks absent. Nephridiopores anterior to anus.
Distribution: Northern and southern Atlantic, Arctic, Antarctic, and eastern Pacific oceans ( Cutler, 1994), and Mediterranean Sea (Açik, 2011).
Nephasoma (Nephasoma) rimicola (Gibbs, 1973)
Description: Body wall smooth, semitransparent ( Figure 5H View Figure 5 ). Introvert shorter than trunk length. Hooks arranged in rings. Nephridiopores anterior to anus. Two reddish eye spots present.
Distribution: Southwestern England and Mediterranean Sea ( Cutler, 1994; Açik, 2010, 2011).
Thysanocardia procera (Moebius, 1875)
Description: Skin smooth with fine ridges ( Figure 5I View Figure 5 ). Tentacles surrounding bilobed nuchal organ. Two retractor muscles fused for much of their length, originating in posterior third of length. Contractile vessel with villi. Nephridiopores at same level or slightly anterior to anus.
Distribution: North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea ( Saiz Salinas and Villafranca Urchegui, 1990; Açik, 2011).
Phascolion (Isomya) tuberculosum Théel, 1875
Description: Trunk cylindrical; skin semitransparent ( Figure 6A View Figure 6 ). Holdfast papillae lack dark proteinized borders. Introvert with large, broad, recurved hooks. Two retractor muscles, of equal width, attached at near posterior part of trunk. Nephridiopore posterior to anus.
Distribution: Indian Ocean, western Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea ( Saiz Salinas and Villafranca Urchegui, 1990; Saiz Salinas, 1993b; Açik, 2011), and Atlantic Ocean ( Murina and SØrensen, 2004).
Phascolion (Phascolion) strombus strombus (Montagu, 1804)
Description: Body wall semitransparent ( Figure 6B View Figure 6 ). Distinct proteinized borders on holdfast papillae. Introvert with claw-like, pointed hooks. Ventral retractor muscles much thinner than dorsal pairs. Intestine in loose loops without spiral. Single nephridium located at right side of ventral nerve cord.
Distribution: North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea ( Cutler et al., 2004), and southwest Indian Ocean ( Cutler and Cutler, 1996).
Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii Koren and Danielssen, 1875
Description: Pear-shaped or barrel-shaped trunk variously colored: gray, yellow, orange, and rusty red ( Figure 6C View Figure 6 ). Small papillae covering surface of trunk. Keel-like structures in posterior end of trunk. Only one retractor attached at posterior part of body. Spindle and wing muscle absent. Anus located near mouth. Intestine with several coils. Nephridia single, elongate.
Distribution: Atlantic Ocean, western Pacific Ocean, southwest Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea ( Cutler, 1994; Açik, 2011), and Red Sea ( Pancucci-Papadopoulou et al., 1999).
Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) agassizii agassizii Keferstein 1866
Description: Body wall opaque ( Figure 6D View Figure 6 ). Introvert with irregular dark pigmented bands. Hook with variable clear streak; triangle usually indistinct; unidentate, sometimes with small secondary tooth. Rings of hooks fewer than 50. Two pairs of retractors present. Spindle muscle arising in front of anus, attached to posterior end of trunk. Two dark eye spots present.
Distribution: North Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea ( Cutler, 1994; Açik, 2008).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.