Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834 )

Wang, Lu-Yu, Marusik, Yuri M., Peng, Xian-Jin & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2024, Review of the wolf spider genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), Zootaxa 5463 (1), pp. 47-62 : 48-52

Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834) (侏ªDƃ)

Figures 2A–D , 3A–I , 4A–E , 5A–C , 14

Lycosa miniata C.L. Koch, 1834: 123 , pl. 13–14.

Xerolycosa miniata : Dahl 1908: 361, 364, fig. 58 (♂ ♀); Hu & Wu 1989: 238, fig. 196.1–2 (♀); Almquist 2005: 251, fig. 245a–f (♂ ♀); Marusik et al. 2011: 15, figs 6–7, 22, 27–28, 31–34 (♂ ♀).

Pardosa sinensis Yin, Wang, Peng & Xie, 1995: 18 , figs 25–26 (♀); Yin et al. 1997: 233, fig. 110b–c (♀); Song et al. 1999: 334, fig. 198G (♀). New synonymy

Evippa sinensis : Fomichev 2022: 2016.

For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2023).

Type material. Pardosa sinensis , female holotype from China (without further detail) deposited in HNU, examined. Xerolycosa miniata , without more information, not examined.

Additional material examined. CHINA: Xinjiang: 2 males and 2 females, Tekesi County, Tekesi River , 43°12.400′N, 81°52.473′E, elev. 1169 m, 20 May 2009, S. Dong & Y.W. Zhao leg. ( SWUC) ; 1 male and 6 females, Atushi City, West Mountain , 39°41.133′N, 76°9.659′E, elev. 150 m, 20 June 2009, S. Dong & Y.W. Zhao leg. ( SWUC) ; 1 male, Jimunai County, 186 Tuan , 47°30.255′N, 85°39.050′E, elev. 834 m, 13 June 2009, C.L. Zhang & Z. Pan leg. ( SWUC) ; 10 males and 9 females, Xinyuan County, Nalati Town , 43°18.379′N, 84°08.514′E, elev. 1500 m, 8 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. ( SWUC) ; 1 male and 2 females, Nileke County, Tuotie Village , 43°39.773′N, 82°44.360′E, elev. 1283 m, 8 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. ( SWUC) ; 1 male and 1 female, Nileke County, Kemeng Town, Kashi River , 43°46.289′N, 82°38.487′E, elev. 1149 m, 9 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. ( SWUC) ; 1 male and 1 female, Zhaosu County, Race course, 43°03.113′N, 80°59.666′E, elev. 1720 m, 10 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. ( SWUC) ; 2 females, Tacheng City, Emin River , 46°28.399′N, 82°48.917′E, elev. 445 m, 12 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. ( SWUC) ; 2 males, Emin County, 46°19.130′N, 83°51.809′E, elev. 725 m, 13 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. ( SWUC) ; 1 female, Aletai City , 47°39.329′N, 88°01.155′E, elev. 662 m, 15 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. ( SWUC) ; 3 males and 2 females, Fuyun County, Keketuohai , 47°13.044′N, 89°45.202′E, elev. 1119 m, 16 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. ( SWUC) ; 1 male, Urumchi City, Wulapo Reservoir , 43°38.217′N, 87°38.318′E, elev. 1113 m, 21 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg ( SWUC) .

Diagnosis. This species can be differentiated from other congeners by the ventral process of median apophysis round in retrolateral view in X. miniata ( Fig. 2B ) vs. somewhat triangular in both Xerolycosa mongolica ( Schenkel, 1963) and X. nemoralis ( Westring, 1861) ( Figs 6B , 9B ); conductor narrow, with the tip thumb-shaped in retrolateral view in X. miniata ( Fig. 2B ) vs. sheet-like, with rounded tip in Xerolycosa mongolica ( Fig. 6B ) and distal end slightly curved, with rectangle-shaped tip in X. nemoralis ( Fig. 9B ). The female genitalia is distinctive by the atria longer than wide, septal stem width less than a half of septal width, distance between spermathecae stalks as almost equal as the diameter of spermathecal heads ( Figs 2C–D , 3H–I , 5B–C ).

Description. Male ( Fig. 3A ) total length 5.56. Carapace 3.22 long, 2.10 wide; opisthosoma 2.38 long, 1.79 wide. Carapace black brown, with a wide white median band. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.09, PME 0.23, PLE 0.20; AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.22, PME–PLE 0.25. Clypeus height 0.12. Chelicerae brown. Labium and endites yellow brown. Sternum black brown, with brown setae. Leg measurements: I 6.97 (1.88, 2.33, 1.54, 1.22); II 6.60 (1.81, 2.07, 1.55, 1.17); III 6.34 (1.75, 1.97, 1.60, 1.02); IV 9.34 (2.38, 2.78, 2.67, 1.51). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum gray brown, with white and black mark, cardiac mark yellow brown. Venter brown.

Palp ( Figs 2A–B , 3C–G , 4A–E ). Subtegulum baso-prolaterally located. Terminal apophysis membranous and wide, with a bifurcate tip. The anterior branch stronger than the posterior one. Embolus strong, curved, almost a semicircle. Conductor small and membranous. Median apophysis strong, with a deep groove retrolaterally and a rounded ventral process.

Female ( Fig. 3B ) total length 5.40. Carapace 2.67 long, 1.95 wide; opisthosoma 3.07 long, 1.85 wide, color as in male. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.08, PME 0.20, PLE 0.18; AME–AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.20, PME–PLE 0.27. Clypeus height 0.11. Leg measurements: I 6.12 (1.74, 2.09, 1.27, 1.02); II 6.05 (1.72, 2.01, 1.31, 1.01); III 5.97 (1.61, 1.88, 1.55, 0.93); IV 8.69 (2.16, 2.65, 2.59, 1.29). Leg formula: 4123.

Epigyne ( Figs 2C–D , 3H–I , 5B–C ). Septum wide, nose-shaped, with short and narrower stem than the width. Atria large, slightly longer than wide. Copulatory openings located at posterior end under the lateral margins of septum. Spermathecal heads ball-like, stalks long and twisty, with about the same distance as the width of spermathecal heads.

Remarks. The female holotype of Pardosa sinensis ( Figs 5A–C ) is clearly conspecific with females of X. miniata . However, the male allotype of P. sinensis (examined, in HUC) shows it would be a species of Pardosinae ( Fig. 15 ) and will be revised after checking all species of Chinese Pardosinae.

Distribution. China (Xinjiang, Fig. 14 ); Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834).A. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: At, atria; CO, copulatory opening; Co, conductor; Em, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; HS, head of spermatheca; MA, median apophysis; Se, septum; SS, stalk of spermatheca; St, subtegulum; Te, tegulum; VP, ventral process.

FIGURE 3. Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834) from Nalati Town, Xinyuan County, Xinjiang.A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Female habitus, dorsal view; C. Left male pedipalp, bulb, ventral view; D. Same, retrolateral view; E. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view; G. Terminal apophysis and embolus, ventral view; H. Epigyne, ventral view; I. Vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURE 4. Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834). A. Left male pedipalp, bulb, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Terminal apophysis and median apophysis, ventral view; D. Median apophysis and conductor, retrolateral view; E. Terminal apophysis and embolus, ventral view.

FIGURE 5. Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834), female holotype of Pardosa sinensis Yin et al., 1995. A. Female habitus, dorsal view; B. Epigyne, ventral view; C. Vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURE 6. Xerolycosa mongolica (Schenkel, 1963). A. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURE 9. Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861).A. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURE 14. Geographic distribution of Xerolycosa in China.

FIGURE 15. Pardosa sinensis Yin, Wang, Peng & Xie, 1995. Allotype male. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view.