Homoneura (Homoneura) henanensis, Yang, Zhu & Hu, 1999

You, Pengyan, Chen, Xulong & Li, Wenliang, 2023, Four new species of the subgenus Homoneura from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae: Homoneura), Zootaxa 5257 (1), pp. 143-159 : 144-146

Key to species of Homoneura (Homoneura) henanensis group in China

(modified from Gao & Shi, 2019; Chen & Li, 2022)

1. Wing with brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1 elongating along costal margin......................................... 2

– Wing without brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1 ................................................................ 3

2. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 behind vertical level of crossvein dm-cu; wing with brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1 slightly elongating along costal margin; surstylus claviform with three long setulae, postgonite long coniform with five short setulae................................................................ H. (H.) hirayamae ( Matsumura, 1916)

– Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of crossvein dm-cu; wing with brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1, extending closely to brown apical spot on R 2+3 along costal margin; surstylus without long setula, short claviform with a subapical concavity in posterior view; postgonite hook-like and sharp at apex....... H. (H.) similicurvata Gao & Shi, 2019

3. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of crossvein dm-cu...................................4

– Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 behind vertical level of crossvein dm-cu...................................11

4. Palpus yellow except for black at tip; surstylus broad, sheet-like with short apical setulae in lateral view and curved apically in posterior view........................................................ H. (H.) dadongshanica Shi & Yang, 2014

– Palpus entirely yellow; surstylus not as above............................................................... 5

5. Subcostal cell not as following........................................................................... 6

– Subcostal cell brown apically........................................................................... 8

6. Male tergites 3−5 each without brown posterior margin; ctenidium with 14 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus with a small acute teeth-like process in lateral view.................................. H. (H.) brevis Gao & Yang, 2004

– Male tergites 3−5 each with brown posterior margin; ctenidium with 17–19 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus not as above..................................................................................7

7. Body length 8.5–9.0 mm; frons with one wide brown stripe; ctenidium with 18–19 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; mid femur with 6–7 anterior setae; wing with brown apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 confluent; brown oval median spot on R 2+3 larger........................................................... H. (H.) shunhuangshana Chen & Li, 2022

– Body length 6.9–7.5 mm; frons with a pair of brown stripes; ctenidium with 17 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; mid femur with 4 anterior setae; wing with brown apical spots on R 4+5 and M 1 confluent, separated from apical spot on R 2+3; brown oval median spot on R 2+3 smaller............................................ H. (H.) anadaequata Gao & Shi, 2019

8. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 6 rows........................................................ 9

– Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 10 rows......................................................10

9. Arista with longest ray slightly shorter than 1/2 height of first flagellomere; surstylus with a small triangluar process with several setulae in lateral view............................................. H. (H.) dagupingensis Gao & Shi, 2019

– Arista with longest ray as long as height of first flagellomere; surstylus ( Fig.26 ) with a long digitiform process in lateral view and without subapical concavity........................................................ H. (H.) wuxica sp. nov.

10. Arista with longest ray shorter than height of first flagellomere; ctenidium with 19 short setae on fore femur................................................................................... H. (H.) stepheni Shi, Gao & Shen, 2017

– Arista with longest ray as long as height of first flagellomere; ctenidium with 13−16 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur.................................................................. H. (H.) yaromi Yang, Hu & Zhu, 2001

11. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of apical spot on R 4+5; apical spot on R 4+5 close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu or at least 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1................................................ 12

– Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 4+5 behind vertical level of apical spot on R 2+3; apical spot on R 4+5 far from brown spot on crossvein dm-cu and shorter than 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1 ........................................... 15

12. Apical spot on R 4+5 close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; ctenidium with 16 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus acute apically in lateral view; pregonite absent; postgonite consisting of a furcated process and a subuliform process in ventral view........................................................... H. (H.) denticulata Shi & Yang, 2014

– Apical spot on R 4+5 about 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1, not close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; ctenidium with 12–14 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus blunt apically in lateral view, pregonite with a reverse U-shaped process and postgonite consisting a pair of subuliform processes in ventral view....................................13

13. Hypandrium with a short ventral process; pregonite with a pair of reverse U-shaped processes in ventral view; postgonite short subuliform, but pregonite longer than postgonite in ventral view................................................ 14

– Hypandrium with a long ventral process; shape of pregonite and postgonite not as above, but pregonite shorter than postgonite in ventral view.................................................... H. (H.) pseudograndis Papp & Gaimari, 2013

14. Phallus with a pair of lateral teeth subapically in ventral view; two arms of reverse U-shaped pregonite asymmetrical distinctly............................................................... H. (H.) simigrandis Shi & Yang, 2014

– Phallus without a pair of lateral teeth subapically in ventral view; two arms of reverse U-shaped pregonite almost symmetrical in length.................................................................... H. (H.) grandis ( Kertész, 1915)

15. Wing with brown string-like spot on R 2+3 and apical spots on R 4+5 and M 1; epandrium slender and surstylus acute apically with a long seta in lateral view.................................................. H. (H.) curvispina Gao & Yang, 2003

– Wing with round, elliptical or quadrate spot on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1, not as above; epandrium and surstylus not as above......16

16. Wing with brown apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 entirely confluent, or slightly confluent and forming pale brown connecting area between apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 ............................................................. 17

– Wing with brown apical spots on R 4+5 and M 1 confluent, separated from apical spot on R 2+3, or apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 entirely separated.................................................................................... 21

17. Brown medial spot on R 4+5 separated from brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu...................................... 18

– Brown medial spot on R 4+5 confluent with brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu...................................... 19

18. Fore femur with 8 posterodorsal setae and 3 posteroventral setae; abdominal tergites 2–5 without blackish brown posterior margin; syntergosternite without broad membranous ventral process and with 2–3 long hairs around spiracle; surstylus without apical concavity; phallus not curved, with a pair of triangular subapical processes in lateral view............................................................................................ H. (H.) martini Shi, Gao & Shen, 2017

– Fore femur with 10 posterodorsal setae and 4–5 posteroventral setae; abdominal tergites 2–5 with blackish brown posterior margin ( Fig.5 ); syntergosternite ( Fig.8 ) with broad membranous ventral process and without long hair around spiracle; surstylus ( Figs.6-7 ) with apical concavity; phallus ( Fig.10 ) curved, without subapical processes in lateral view.................................................................................................. H. (H.) apiconcava sp. nov.

19. Fore femur with 4 posteroventral setae; syntergosternite circular............................................... 20

– Fore femur with 6 posteroventral setae; syntergosternite semicircular................... H. (H.) yangi Gao & Yang, 2005

20. Abdominal tergites 2–5 without blackish brown posterior margin; surstylus indistinct, blunt apically; hypandrium Y-shaped; phallus without triangular median process in ventral view...................... H. (H.) guizhouensis Gao & Yang, 2002

– Abdominal tergites 2–5 with blackish brown posterior margin ( Fig.35 ); surstylus ( Fig.36 ) distinctly digitiform in lateral view; hypandrium ( Fig.39 ) H-shaped; phallus ( Fig.39 ) with a pair of triangular median process in ventral view............................................................................................. H. (H.) yintiaolingica sp. nov.

21. Wing with brown apical spot on R 4+5 and M 1 slightly confluent and forming pale brown connecting area between two apical spots; apical spot on R 2+3 distinctly separated from apical spot on R 4+5 ............................................22

– Wing with brown apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 entirely separated........................................... 35

22. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 10 rows............................................................. 23

– Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 6–8 rows............................................................ 26

23. Subcostal cell hyaline..................................................................................24

– Subcostal cell pale brown or brown apically............................................................... 25

24. Surstylus bulged claviform, with long setulae in lateral view; abdominal tergites 2–5 with pale brown posterior margin; arista with longest ray as long as height of first flagellomere; ctenidium with 16–17 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; hypandrium Y-shaped................................................... H. (H.) bispinalis Yang, Hu & Zhu, 2001

– Surstylus T-shaped and rounded apically in lateral view; abdominal tergites 2–5 without pale brown posterior margin; arista with longest ray shorter than height of first flagellomere; ctenidium with ten short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; hypandrium H-shaped................................................. H. (H.) fujianensis Yang, Zhu & Hu, 2003

25. Mesoscutum with one square or oval brown spot before scutoscutellar suture, scutellum with one square brown spot at middle; fore femur with seven to eight posterior dorsal setae, ctenidium with 22 short setae; surstylus long spine-like in lateral view, without inner process.................................................. H. (H.) maculiscutellata Chen & Li, 2022

– Mesoscutum without spot before scutoscutellar suture, scutellum without brown spot; fore femur with five posterior dorsal setae, ctenidium with 12 short setae; surstylus with one short claviform inner process in lateral view.......................................................................................... H. (H.) tianeensis Gao & Yang, 2004

26. Abdomen yellow or pale brown, at least tergites 2–5 with black or brown posterior margin.......................... 27

– Abdomen yellow, tergites 1–6 without brown posterior margin................................................ 28

27. Arista with longest ray as long as height of first flagellomere; abdomen pale brown; surstylus straight claviform in lateral view...................................................................... H. (H.) serrata Gao & Yang, 2002

– Arista with longest ray as long as 1/2 height of first flagellomere; abdomen yellow; surstylus long subuliform in lateral view....................................................................... H. (H.) longiacutata Gao & Shi, 2019

28. Mid femur with 5–6 anterior setae........................................................................29

– Mid femur with 4 anterior setae......................................................................... 32

29. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 6 rows.............................................................. 30

– Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 8 rows.............................................................. 31

30. Arista with longest ray as long as 4/5 height of first flagellomere; surstylus long and curved at apex in lateral view................................................................................ H. (H.) longicurva Gao & Shi, 2019

– Arista with longest ray slightly shorter than height of first flagellomere; surstylus ( Fig.16 ) short and narrow in lateral view.............................................................................. H. (H.) chongqingensis sp. nov.

31. Fore femur with 6 posterior dorsal setae, two posterior ventral setae and ctenidium with 12 short setae; surstylus consisting of a small acute apical process, directed downward and a slender knife-like process with dense setulae on dorsal margin in lateral view.............................................................. .. H. (H.) henanensis Yang, Zhu & Hu, 1999

– Fore femur with 8 posterior dorsal setae, four posterior ventral setae and ctenidium with 15–17 short setae; surstylus claviform in lateral view.......................................................... H. (H.) pangae Shi, Gao & Shen, 2017

32. Wing with a brown spot between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 distinctly or slightly confluent with brown spot on crossvein dmcu; surstylus claviform or digitiform...................................................................... 33

– Wing with a brown quadrate spot between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 separated from brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; surstylus not as above..........................................................................................34

33. Ctenidium with 15 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus absent; pregonite short, broad and acute apically in ventral view; postgonite consisting of a furcated process and a slender subuliform process in ventral view.................................................................................. H. (H.) curvispinosa Yang, Hu & Zhu, 2001

– Ctenidium with 13 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus digitiform with long setulae in lateral view; pregonite and postgonite furcated apically, pregonite shorter than postgonite in ventral view..... H. (H.) zonalis Yang, Zhu & Hu, 1999

34. Fore femur with 3 posteroventral setae; epandrium blunt triangular apically; surstylus separated from epandrium and originated from anterior ventral corner of epandrium, with dense tiny setulae on apical 2/3.... H. (H.) tianjingshanica Shi & Yang, 2014

– Fore femur with 4 posteroventral setae; epandrium and surstylus fused, blunt round apically............................................................................................ H. (H.) tianmushana Yang, Hu & Zhu, 2001

35. Ctenidium with 17–19 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur.............................................. 36

– Ctenidium with 10–16 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur..............................................37

36. The first flagellomere about 1.8 times longer than high; surstylus narrow columnar in lateral view and broad with tiny setulae in posterior view; postgonites triangular with sharp apex in lateral view........... H. (H.) zhangjiajiensis Shi & Yang, 2014

– The first flagellomere about 2.3 times longer than high; surstylus light colour and narrow at base while dark yellow and broad at apex, nearly trapeziform with two long setulae in lateral view; postgonite hook-like in lateral view........................................................................................... H. (H.) bicolorata Gao & Shi, 2019

37. Pregonite and postgonite long subuliform in ventral view or short triangular in lateral view.......................... 38

– Pregonite and postgonite not as above.................................................................... 40

38. Surstylus without acute or triangular process, blunt round apically and slightly rolled up with several setulae in lateral view............................................................................ H. (H.) miaoae Gao & Shi, 2019

– Surstylus with acute or triangular process, not as above in lateral view.......................................... 39

39. Surstylus very broad ball-like with a triangular process apically in lateral view; hypandrium H-shaped; phallus acute subapically in lateral view.................................................... H. (H.) kuankuoshuiensis Wang & Yang, 2012

– Surstylus narrow, acute apically in lateral view; hypandrium Y-shaped; phallus blunt round subapically in lateral view................................................................................. H. (H.) chinensis Malloch, 1926

40. Subcostal cell hyaline or pale yellow apically............................................................... 42

– Subcostal cell dark apically............................................................................ 43

41. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in regular six rows; surstylus curved knife-like in lateral view; postgonite absent.............................................................................. H. (H.) spectabilis Gao & Shi, 2019

– Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular ten rows; surstylus not as above................................... 42

42. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 4+5 at same vertical level of apical spot on M 1; surstylus consisting of a slender knifeshaped process and a furcated process with several setulae on subapical and apical margin and a small tooth on lateral margin in lateral view............................................................... H. (H.) caoi Wang & Yang, 2012

– Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 4+5 behind vertical level of apical spot on M 1; surstylus short and broad, with a row of long apical setulae...................................................... H. (H.) jiangxiensis Shi, Gao & Shen, 2017

43. Syntergosternite elliptic without sternal part flat; surstylus broad and slightly curved apically in lateral view.................................................................................. H. (H.) platimarginata Gao & Shi, 2019

– Syntergosternite circular, but with sternal part flat; surstylus not as above.........................................44

44. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 8 rows................................. H. (H.) curvata Yang, Zhu & Hu, 1999

– Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 10 rows......................................................45

45. A brown elliptical spot present between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5; mid femur with 6–8 anterior setae; surstylus curved knifelike, acute apically in lateral view; postgonite longer than phallus, long subuliform, curved forward apically in lateral view........................................................................ H. (H.) longispina Gao & Yang, 2004

– A brown square spot present between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5; mid femur with 4 anterior setae; surstylus short, triangular and acutate apically, with several long setae on dorsal margin and a row of short setulae on ventral margin in lateral view; both pregonite and postgonite short subuliform, about half length of phallus in ventral view.................................................................................................... H. (H.) acutata Yang, Zhu & Hu, 1999

Figures

FIGURES 26–30. Homoneura (Homoneura) wuxica sp. nov. Male. 26. syntergosternite and epandrium, lateral view; 27. epandrial complex, posterior view; 28. syntergosternite, anterior view; 29. aedeagal complex, ventral view; 30. aedeagal complex, lateral view. Scale 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 1–5. Homoneura (Homoneura) apiconcava sp. nov. Male. 1. head, anterior view; 2. wing; 3. habitus, lateral view; 4. thorax, dorsal view; 5. abdomen, dorsal view.

FIGURES 6–10. Homoneura (Homoneura) apiconcava sp. nov. Male. 6. syntergosternite and epandrium, lateral view; 7. epandrial complex, posterior view; 8. syntergosternite, anterior view; 9. aedeagal complex, ventral view; 10. aedeagal complex, lateral view. Scale 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 31–35. Homoneura (Homoneura) yintiaolingica sp. nov. Male. 31. head, anterior view; 32. wing; 33. habitus, lateral view; 34. thorax, dorsal view; 35. abdomen, dorsal view.

FIGURES 36–40. Homoneura (Homoneura) yintiaolingica sp. nov. Male. 36. syntergosternite and epandrium, lateral view; 37. epandrial complex, posterior view; 38. syntergosternite, anterior view; 39. aedeagal complex, ventral view; 40. aedeagal complex, lateral view. Scale 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 16–20. Homoneura (Homoneura) chongqingensis sp. nov. Male. 16. syntergosternite and epandrium, lateral view; 17. epandrial complex, posterior view; 18. syntergosternite, anterior view; 19. aedeagal complex, ventral view; 20. aedeagal complex, lateral view. Scale 0.5 mm.