Prodysderina, Platnick & Dupérré & Berniker & Bonaldo, 2013

Platnick, Norman I., Dupérré, Nadine, Berniker, Lily & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2013, The Goblin Spider Genera Prodysderina, Aschnaoonops, And Bidysderina (Araneae, Oonopidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013 (373), pp. 1-102 : 6-13

Prodysderina , new genus

Prodysderina (nomen nudum): Dumitrescu and Georgescu, 1987: 98.

TYPE SPECIES: Dysderina armata Simon.

ETYMOLOGY: The generic name refers to the similarities to the genus Dysderina Simon , and is feminine in gender.

DIAGNOSIS: Members of this genus differ from those of other members of the Dysderina complex as follows: from Dysderina , Simonoonops , and Costarina by lacking tranverse ridges on the sternum (figs. 11, 41, 96, 107, 129; cf. Platnick and Dupérre´, 2011a: fig. 3, for Dysderina, Platnick and Dupe´rre´, 2011b: figs. 6, 79, for Simonoonops , and Platnick and Dupérre´, 2012: figs. 63, 79, 103 for Costarina ); from Neoxyphinus Birabe´n by the bifid embolus of males and rounded lateral margins of the genital atrium of females (cf. Abrahim et al., 2012: figs. 49, 50); from Scaphidysderina Platnick and Dupérré and Paradysderina Platnick and Dupérré by the presence of a spinneret scutum (figs. 62, 97) and a groove connecting the posterior spiracles (figs. 76, 87), and from Semidysderina Platnick and Dupérré by the more incised and tuberculate sternum (cf. Platnick and Dupérre´, 2011c: figs. 816, 829) and the presence of a dorsal abdominal scutum in females. As detailed below, the genus is probably closest to Aschnaoonops , sharing with those species a laterally incised sternum bearing tuberculate setal bases along its lateral and posterior margins. Males can easily be recognized by the greatly elongated distal prong and the reduced proximal prong of the embolus (figs. 68, 125); females can be distinguished by the normal (rather than reduced or absent) genital atrium.

DESCRIPTION: Total length of males 1.7– 2.5, of females 1.6–3.1. Carapace, sternum, mouthparts, abdominal scuta, legs orangebrown (except in P. janetae , where redbrown), without pattern; abdomen soft portions white, without pattern. Cephalothorax: Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view (figs. 1, 31), anteriorly narrowed to 0.49 times its maximum width or less, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view (figs. 2, 32), anterolateral corners with strongly sclerotized, triangular extension, pars thoracica with rounded posterolateral corners, without depressions or radiating rows of pits, posterolateral edge without pits, posterior margin not bulging below posterior rim, posterolateral surface without spikes; surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica granulate, sides granulate; fovea absent, lateral margin straight, rebordered, with blunt denticles; plumose setae near posterior margin of pars thoracica absent; marginal, nonmarginal pars cephalica, pars thoracica setae light, needlelike, scattered. Clypeus margin strongly rebordered, sinuous in front view, vertical in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, median projection present, formed by fused small, triangular chilum (figs. 3, 33); setae light, needlelike. Eyes six, well developed, ALE largest, oval, PME squared, PLE oval; posterior eye row recurved from above, procurved from front; ALE separated by less or more than their radius, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum (figs. 11, 41) wider than long, not fused to carapace, surface without transverse ridges or pits, median concavity and hair tufts absent, with radial furrows between coxae I–II, II–III, III– IV, furrows with rows of small pits, radial furrow opposite coxae III absent, sickleshaped structures absent, anterior margin with continuous transverse groove, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV but with posterior hump, anterior corners excavated, lateral margins with infracoxal grooves bearing anterior, posterior openings, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of precoxal triangles absent, lateral margins with bridges to coxae; setae sparse, dark, needlelike, densest laterally, originating from surface, posterior and lateral margins with conspicuous, tuberculate setal bases. Chelicerae slightly divergent, anterior face with slight swelling; usually with one large tooth on promargin, one smaller tooth on retromargin (figs. 4, 5, 34, 35; scanned only in P. megarmata ); fangs without toothlike projections, directed medially, shape normal, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified; setae dark, needlelike, densest medially; paturon inner margin with scattered setae, distal region, posterior surface unmodified, promargin with row of flattened setae, inner margin unmodified, laminate groove absent. Labium (figs. 6, 36) triangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle, same as sternum in sclerotization; with six or more setae on anterior margin, subdistal portion with unmodified setae. Endites (figs. 6, 7, 36, 37) same as sternum in sclerotization, distally not excavated, serrula usually absent (scanned only in P. megarmata ), anterior portion modified in males, posterior portion unmodified; labrum with thumb-shaped projection. Female palp (figs. 38, 39) without claw or spines; tibia with three trichobothria (fig. 40), patella without prolateral row of ridges, tarsus elongate. Abdomen: Ovoid, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, interscutal membrane without rows of small sclerotized platelets. Booklung covers large, ovoid, without setae, anterolateral edge unmodified; posterior spiracles connected by groove, groove continued beyond spiracles almost to lateral edge of postepigastric scutum. Pedicel tube medium, ribbed, scutopedicel region unmodified, scutum extending far dorsal of pedicel, plumose hairs, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area, cuticular outgrowths near pedicel all absent. Dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized, in males covering full length of abdomen, no soft tissue visible from above (smaller in females), sometimes fused to epigastric scutum around midline, middle surface smooth, sides smooth, anterior half without projecting denticles. Epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, surrounding pedicel, not protruding, small lateral sclerites absent, without lateral joints in females. Postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, in males covering nearly full length of abdomen, fused to epigastric scutum (in females smaller, not fused to epigastric scutum, except in P. piedecusta and P. otun ); anterior margin unmodified, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Spinneret scutum present, incomplete ring, with fringe of long setae; supraanal scutum absent. Abdominal setae dark, needlelike, epigastric area setae not basally thickened; dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets absent, interscutal membrane with setae. Colulus present, tiny, with pair of setae. Anterior lateral spinnerets bisegmented, basal segment without oblique membranous strip, posterior medians unisegmented, posterior laterals bisegmented (figs. 12, 42); spigots scanned only in P. megarmata , anterior laterals with single major ampullate gland spigot and four piriform gland spigots in males (fig. 13), five in females (fig. 43); posterior medians with four spigots in males (three with convex bases, presumably minor ampullate gland spigots, one with concave base, presumably aciniform gland spigot, fig. 14), 11 spigots in females (three with convex bases, eight with concave bases, fig. 44), posterior laterals with four spigots in males (three with convex bases, one with concave base, fig. 15), 10 spigots in females (three with convex bases, seven with concave bases, fig. 45). Legs: Femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III, patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace, tibia I unmodified, tibia IV specialized hairs on ventral apex, ventral scopula absent, metatarsi I, II mesoapical comb absent, metatarsi III, IV ventral scopula absent. Leg spines present on anterior femora, tibiae, metatarsi; femoral spines strong, tibial and metatarsal spines long, spines absent on posterior legs. Tarsi without inferior claw. Superior claws (scanned only in P. megarmata ) of males with single row of 2–5 teeth set on inner margin (figs. 17–24), of females with two rows of teeth, outer margin with four teeth, most distal tooth much smaller than others, inner margin with two or three longer teeth (figs. 48–55). Trichobothrial base with numerous parallel ridges (fig. 25). Tarsal organs with three receptors on legs I, II (figs. 26, 27, 56, 57), two on legs III, IV, palps (figs. 28–30, 58–60). Genitalia: Male epigastric region with sperm pore (fig. 16) large, narrow, slitlike, situated between anterior and posterior spiracles, rebordered; furrow without Ω- shaped insertions, without specialized setae. Male palp of normal size, not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical, proximal segments pale orange, cymbium, bulb yellow; embolus dark, without prolateral excavation; trochanter of normal size, unmodified; femur of normal size, two or more times as long as trochanter, without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia with three trichobothria (fig. 10); cymbium (figs. 8, 9) ovoid in dorsal view, completely fused with bulb, no seam visible, extending beyond distal tip of bulb, plumose setae, stout setae, distal patch of setae all absent; bulb shorter than cymbium, stout, elongated. Embolus with greatly elongated distal prong, proximal prong reduced. Female genitalia externally with distinct atrium (fig. 46), internally with pair of slight to pronounced protrusions situated near anterior spiracles (presumably serving as muscle attachments), sclerotized anterior genitalic process, and membranous posterior receptaculum (fig. 47).

DISTRIBUTION: Known from Venezuela and Colombia.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PRODYSDERINA

1. Males (unknown in P. filandia and P. otun ) .......................... 2

– Females (unknown in P. santander )..... 8

2. Distal prong of embolus extending much farther prolaterally than base of embolus (figs. 68, 81, 114, 125, 135)........... 3

– Distal prong of embolus not extending so far (figs. 92, 103).................... 7

3. Distal prong of embolus relatively narrow (figs. 68, 81)..................... 4

– Distal prong of embolus wider (figs. 114, 125, 135)........................... 5

4. Palpal bulb relatively large (fig. 79)........................... megarmata

– Palpal bulb relatively small (fig. 66)... armata

5. Distal prong of embolus sharply bent (fig. 125)..................... rasgon

– Distal prong of embolus otherwise (figs. 114, 135)........................... 6

6. Base of distal prong much wider than tip (fig. 136)................... santander

– Base of distal prong not much wider than tip (fig. 115).................. piedecusta

7. Distal prong of embolus relatively wide at base (fig. 92)................ rollardae

– Distal prong of embolus relatively narrow at base (fig. 103)................ janetae

8. Postepigastric scutum fused to epigastric scutum (figs. 108, 674).............. 9

– Postepigastric scutum not fused to epigastric scutum......................... 10

9. Genital atrium semicircular (fig. 109); pedicel margin not invaginated (fig. 108).... piedecusta

– Genital atrium oval (fig. 675); pedicel margin ventrally invaginated (fig. 674)...... otun

10. Aside from tuberculate setal bases, sternum surface smooth (as in fig. 118)..... rasgon

– Sternum surface finely or coarsely reticulate........................... 11

11. Anterior genitalic process relatively long (figs. 95, 106).................... 12

– Anterior genitalic process shorter...... 13

12. Sclerite connecting apodemes relatively straight (fig. 95)............. rollardae

– Sclerite connecting apodemes more sinuous (fig. 106).................... janetae

13. Conspicuous sclerotization obvious at level of anterior edge of postepigastric scutum (figs. 73, 84)..................... 14

– No conspicuous sclerotization at level of anterior edge of postepigastric scutum (fig. 147)....................... filandia

14. Conspicuous sclerotization large, rounded (fig. 84)....................... megarmata

– Conspicuous sclerotization smaller (fig. 73)......................... armata