Philodromus alascensis KEYSERLING, 1884

Szita, É., Logunov, D. & O, P., 2008, A Review Of The Histrio Group Of The Spider Genus Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae, Philodromidae) Of The Eastern Palaearctic Region, Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 54 (1), pp. 23-73 : 42-46

Philodromus alascensis KEYSERLING, 1884

(Figs 24–26, 39–40, 71–72, Map 6 )

Philodromus alascensis KEYSERLING, 1884: 674 , plate 21, fig. 22 (D f; the f holotype in the American Museum of Natural History , New York, USA; not examined).

Material examined: RUSSIA: Tyumen Region: Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region, Yamal Distr., S part of Yamal Pnsl. , Khadita-Yakha [=Kadytayakha] River valley , c. 67°09’N, 69°59’E, 3–30 m a.s.l., S. L. Esyunin, earlier det. as P. fallax, PSU – 1/07/1985, 1 f. Gorno-Altai Republic: Kosh-Agach Distr. , Taltura [= Chagan-Uzun] River canyon, c . 55 km W of Kosh-Agach, c. 25 km W of Bel’tir [=Kyzyl-Many], c. 49°55’50”N, 87°50’50”E, 2100–2300 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, SZMN – 25–30/06/1999, 2 f. Tuva: Erzin Distr., Shara-Nur Lake , c . 37 km W of Erzin, c. 50°14’10”N, 94°37’40”E, 900–920 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, SZMN – 10/05/1989, 2 m 1 f; Kyzyl Distr., Verkhnii Enisei [=Verkhnii Yenisey, Ulug-Khem] River valley , c. 51°46’N, 94°27’E, c . 3 km W of Kyzyl, 650–900 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, SZMN – 20/05/1989, 3 f; Tes-Khem Distr., S slope of East Tannu-Ola Mt. Range , c . 4.5 km E of Khol’ -Oozhu [=Khol’-Ozhu], Aryskannyg-Khem River canyon, c. 50°45’N, 94°29’E, c. 1200 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, SZMN – 15–16/07/1993, 1 f; Ovyurskii Distr., S foothills of East Tannu-Ola Mt. Range , Irbitei River valley , c . 43 km WNW of Oo-Shynaa, c. 13 km WNW of Ak-Chyraa [=Ak-Chira], 50°44’20”N, 93°08’30”E, 960–1000 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, SZMN – 18–19/07/1993, 1 f ; same locality, S. Koponen, ZMTU – 11–15/06/1995, 2 f; Mongun-Taiga Distr., Barlyk River canyon, c. 50°29’10”N, 90°44’E, 1800–2000 m a.s.l., O. V. Lyakhov, SZMN – 6/06/1990, 1 m 2 f. Irkutsk Region: Slyudyanka Distr., Khamar-Daban Mts., S part of Komarinskii Mt. Range , NW slope of Cherskogo Mt. , nr. Khamar-Daban meteorological station, c. 51°31’50”N, 103°35’10”E, c. 1440 m a.s.l., K. G. Mikhailov, ZMMU – 27/07/1990, 1 f. Buryatia: nr. Ulan-Ude, Vakhmistrovo [=Nizhnii Sayantui], c. 51°44’10”N, 107°30’50”E, 500–520 m a.s.l., S. N. Danilov, SZMN – 31/05/1983, 1 f. Magadan Region: Yagodnoe Distr., upper reaches of Kolyma River, E slope of Bol’shoi Annachag [=Bol’shoi Anngachak] Mt. Range , ‘ Aborigen’ Natural Station , c. 61°56’40”N, 149°36’50”E, c. 520 m a.s.l., Yu. M. Marusik, ZMMU – summer 1986, 4 m 11 f; Yagodnoe Distr. , Sibiktelyakh River valley , nr. Sibit-Tyellakh [=Sibik-Tyellakh], c. 61°56’10”N, 149°40’30”E, c. 460 m a.s.l., Yu. M. Marusik, SZMN – summer 1986, 6 f; ‘ Nalobo’, Mosina, PSU – 18/07/1987, 1 f. – USA: Washington State: no exact locality, P. Tikhmenev, ZMMU – 15/06/1905, 1 f.

Figs 24–29. Male genitalia of Philodromus spp. 24–26. = P. alascensis – 24 v, 25 rl, 26 pl. 27–29. = P. tuvinensis – 27 v, 28 rl, 29 pl. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Specimens: P. alascensis : Magadan Region, the upper reaches of Kolyma; P. tuvinensis : the holotype

Figs 30–38. Male genitalia of Philodromus spp. 30–32. = P. mysticus – 30 v, 31 rl, 32 pl. 33–35. = P. timidus – 33 v, 34 rl, 35 pl. 36–38. = P. xinjiangensis – 36 v, 37 rl, 38 pl. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Specimens: P. mysticus : Chita Region, Sokhondo State Reserve; P. timidus : the holotype; P. xinjiangensis :

Uzbekistan, ‘Bukhara Dzheiran Nursery’

Diagnosis: Embolus wide. PTA flat, with a screwed tip. VTA large and rounded, with the ragged membranous surface. RTA horn-like in retrolateral view. EA thin and peaky in dorsal view.

Male (from Magadan Region: the upper reaches of Kolyma): Colouration and pattern is similar to those of females ( Fig. 71 ). Measurements (n= 4). Body length 4.75–5.50. PsL 2.1–2.35, PsW 2.05–2.25, OsL 2.65–3.15, OsW 1.55–1.75. Distances between eyes: AME 0.10–0.11, ALE 0.09–0.10, PME 0.08–0.09, PLE 0.08–0.09, AME-AME 0.10–0.13, AME-ALE 0.06–0.07, PME-PME 0.24–0.27, PME-PLE 0.13–0.17, MOA-AW 0.29–0.32, MOA-PW 0.39–0.44, MOA-L 0.36–0.40, AME-PME 0.21–0.25, ALE-PLE 0.13–0.17. Length of leg segments: FeI 3.4–3.75, PaI 1.25–1.45, TiI 3.65–3.9, MtI 3.35–3.7, TaI 2.2–2.4, FeII 4.05–4.1, PaII 1.4–1.45, TiII 4.35–4.4, MtII 3.95–4.05, TaII 2.55–2.65, FeIII 3–3.4, PaIII 1.05–1.2, TiIII 3.05–3.45, MtIII 2.75–3, TaIII 1.65–1.85, FeIV 3.2–3.55, PaIV 1–1.2, TiIV 2.95–3.5, MtIV 2.95–3.2, TaIV 1.65–1.85. Total length of legs: legI 14.1–15.2, legII 16.35–16.6, legIII 11.65–12.85, legIV 11.8–13.28. Spination of leg I: femur: d 0–1–1–0–1; pl 0–0–1–1–1; v -; rl 0–0–1–1–1. tibia: d 0–0–1; pl 1–0–1–1–0; v 2–0–2–0–2ap; rl 1–0–1–1–0. metatarsus: d -; pl 1–0–1–0–1; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–0–1–0–1.

Palpus (Figs 24–26). CyL 1.13–1.18, CyW 0.53–0.56, PTiL. 0.28–0.32. Embolus arises ventro-medially, with the wide base and the slender apical part, which is slightly bent disto-retrolaterad. The PTA claw-shaped, situated proximally of the embolus. A large part of the ST is easily seen in ventral view. The VTA spheric, with the ragged membranous surface. The RTA large, in retrolateral view, like a rhinoceros horn; in ventral view swollen proximally, with a fine, curved tip. The tibia with a shallow hollow proximo-ventrally of the RTA, widened retrolaterally. The palpal patella has a pointed vento-retrolateral projection at its distal end.

Female (from Magadan Region: the upper reaches of Kolyma): Prosoma reddish brown, with dark brown and sandy pattern ( Fig. 72 ). Opisthosoma greyish brown or reddish brown, with the pattern of dark brown and beige stripes. Legs reddish brown, gently dotted. Measurements (n= 11). Body length 5.65–7.45. PsL 2.1–2.55, PsW 2.05–2.5, OsL 3.4–4.9, OsW 2.1–3.4. Distances between eyes: AME 0.09–0.11, ALE 0.08–0.10, PME 0.07–0.09, PLE 0.07–0.09, AME-AME 0.13–0.18, AME-ALE 0.06–0.10, PME-PME 0.24–0.31, PME-PLE 0.17–0.22, MOA-AW 0.31–0.34, MOA-PW 0.39–0.47, MOA-L 0.39–0.43, AME-PME 0.22–0.29, ALE-PLE 0.14–0.24. Length of leg segments: FeI 2.85–4, PaI 1.05–1.4, TiI 2.5–3.75, MtI 2.15–3.1, TaI 1.45–2.1, FeII 3.35–4.6, PaII 1.18–1.65, TiII 3.2–4.5, MtII 2.55–3.7, TaII 1.15–2.3, FeIII 2.6–3.6, PaIII 0.95–1.3, TiIII 2.15–3.3, MtIII 1.65–2.6, TaIII 1.15–1.7, FeIV 2.6–3.75, PaIV 0.95–1.3, TiIV 2.3–3.25, MtIV 1.9–2.75, TaIV 1.2–1.6. Total length of legs: legI 10.25–14.35, legII 11.53–16.75, legIII 8.55–12.5, legIV 8.95–12.65. Spination of leg I: femur: d 0–1–1–0–1 or 0–1–2–0–1; pl 0–0–1–1–1 or 0–0–2–1–1; v -; rl – or 0–0–1–0–1 or 0–0–1–1–1. tibia: d 0–0–1 or 0–0–2; pl 1–1–0–1–0 or 1–1–2–2–0; v 2–0–2–0–2ap; rl 1–0–1–0–1 or 1–0–1–1–1. metatarsus: d -; pl 1–0–1–0–1 or 1–1–2–1–1; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–0–1–0–1 or 1–0–1–1–1.

Epigyne and spermathecae ( Figs 39–40 ). The CD narrow, poorly marked, its middle part slightly arosen longitudinally. The EA singular, bulb-shaped. The S robust, sac-shaped. The SO is situated anterio-laterally, the ID anteriorly.

Remarks: P. alascensis was identified on the basis of the taxonomic account by DONDALE and REDNER (1975: figs 30–40). This species is most similar to P. tuvinensis . Males can be distinguished by the shape of PTA (the flat plate with screwed tip in P. alascensis and clawlike in P. tuvinensis ; cf. Figs 24, 25 and 27, 28) and by the shape and thickness of embolus (relatively thicker in P. alascensis and thinner in P. tuvinensis ). Females of both species are poorly separable (almost identical), but the shape of the EA is different (cf. Figs 39 & 41 ).

Habitat: Evenkia: pebble riverbanks and mountain tundra ( ESKOV 1988). Yakutia: river-side meadows with Salix viminalis ( KOPONEN & MARUSIK 1992) , fine-gravel mine-hill covered with mixed herbs, larch forest without undergrowth and ice-field in creek valley ( MARUSIK et al. 2004). Tuva: mountain stony and dry nanophanerophyte steppes (present data). Elevations: 0–2300 m a.s.l.

Distribution: The Siberio-American temperate range; known from the Polar Urals in the west (present data), east-southward to Evenkia ( ESKOV 1988) and the mountains of South Siberia (present data), throughout Yakutia ( MARUSIK 1991, KOPONEN & MARUSIK 1992, MARUSIK et al. 1992, 1993, 2004) to northern Cisokhotia ( MARUSIK 2005) in the east. In the Nearctic Region, the species occurs from Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Arisona and New Mexico ( DONDALE & REDNER 1978); for collection localities in the eastern Palaearctic Region see Map 6 .

The record of P. fallax from the Polar Urals ( ESYUNIN & EFIMIK 1996) was found to actually belong to P. alascensis (Esyunin’s material re-examined). The records of P. alascensis from Buryatia ( DANILOV 1995, 1999) are turned out to belong to P. lanchowensis (see above). The records of P. alascensis from Tuva ( LOGUNOV et al. 1998, MARUSIK et al. 2000) partly belong to P. tuvinensis (see below). Based on the original figures alone ( HU & WU 1989: figs 251.1–4), the records of P. alascensis from China (Xinjiang) should also be assigned to P. tuvinensis .

MARUSIK et al. (1996) reported on P. alascensis from the Altai Mts (c. 10 km W of Katanda), but they also noticed that it would be likely to be a closely related unknown species occurring in the Altai and China. Thus, we suspect these authors might have actually dealt with P. tuvinensis . As we have been unable to re-examine the pertinent specimens, we have neglected this record of P. alascensis .

Figures

Map 6. Distribution of P. alascensis in the eastern Palaearctic Region. One dot may represent more than one close localities

Figs 67–80. Body patterns of Philodromus spp. 67 = P. histrio f, 68 = P. ablegminus f, 69 = P. xerophilus f, 70 = P. lanchowensis m, 71 = P. alascensis m, 72 = ditto f, 73 = P. tuvinensis m, 74 = ditto f, 75 = P. mysticus f, 76 = P. timidus m, 77 = P. xinjiangensis m, 78 = P. fallax m, 79 = P.

Figs 39–46. Female genitalia of Philodromus spp. 39–40 = P. alascensis – 39 = epigyne, 40 = spermathecae. 41–42 = P. tuvinensis – 41 = epigyne, 42 = spermathecae. 43–44 = P. mysticus – 43 = epigyne, 44 = spermathecae.45–46 = P. xinjiangensis – 45 = epigyne,46 = spermathecae.Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Specimens:P.alascensis: Magadan Region, the upper reaches of Kolyma; P. tuvinensis: the paratype; P. mysticus: Chita Region, Sokhondo State Reserve; P. xinjiangensis: Uzbekistan,