Seila adamsii ( Lea, 1845 )

Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade & Fernandes, Maurício Romulo, 2024, Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea), Zootaxa 5494 (1), pp. 1-71 : 56-61

Seila adamsii ( Lea, 1845) —species complex

( Fig. 30 )

Cerithium emersoni Var. a C. B. Adams, 1839: 285.

Cerithium terebrale C. B. Adams, 1840: 320 , plate III, fig. 7.

Cerithium clavulus Lea, 1843: 11 : Lea 1845: 42, pl. 37, fig. 89.

Cerithium adamsii Lea, 1845: 42 , footnote. Replacement name for Cerithium terebrale C. B. Adams, 1840 non Lamarck, 1804.

Cerithium terebellum C. B. Adams, 1847: 19 , footnote. Replacement name for Cerithium terebrale C. B. Adams, 1840 non Lamarck, 1804.

Cerithium pseudoclavulus dʹOrbigny, 1852: 83. Replacement name for Cerithium clavulus Lea, 1843 non Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842.

Cerithium annulatum Emmons, 1858: 269 , fig. 161. Junior homonym of Cerithium annulatum Zekeli, 1852 .

Seila adamsii var. attenuata Dall, 1892: 268 , not figured. Synonimized by Hoerle (1972).

Bittium (Platygyra) terebrale : Mörch (1876: 99, not figured).

Bittium (Platygyra) terebellum : Mörch (1876: 99, not figured).

Cerithium terebrale : Clench & Turner (1950: 349, plate 37, figs. 5–7).

Seila terebralis : Dall (1889a: 250, not figured); Dall (1889b: 138, pl. 52, fig. 5; Dall & Simpson (1901: 424, not figured); Marshall (1978: 95, not figured).

Cerithiopsis (Seila) terebrale : Tryon (1887: 174, pl. 36, figs. 56, 58).

Seila adamsii : Dall (1892: 267, not figured); Smith (1937: 105, pl. 38, fig. 22, pl. 71, fig. 5); Olsson & Harbison (1953: 302, not figured); Perry & Schwengel (1955: 140, pl. 27, fig. 192); Richards (1962: 78, pl. 17, fig. 3). Weisbord (1962: 192, pl. 15, figs. 23–24, determined with interrogation mark); Spencer & Campbell (1987: 59, pl. 11, figs. 14–15); Robinson & Montoya (1987: 384, not figured); Lee (2009: 88, fig, 427); Macsotay & Campos (2001: 48, not figured); Rodríguez et al. (2003: 343, not figured); Scarabino et al. (2006: 149, not figured); Rosenberg et al. (2009: 645, not figured); Krisberg (2010f: https://olram9.wixsite.com/letstalkseashells/copy-of-template-379); Tunnell et al. (2010: 203, text-fig); Martínez et al. (2013: 19, not figured); Longo et al. (2014: 4, fig. 3N); Forcelli & Narosky (2015: 52, fig. 114); Hernández & Álvarez (2019: 5, not figured); Cecalupo & Perugia (2020: 51, pl. 26, figs. 1a–f); Monteiro et al. (2020: 232, not figured); Lee (2020: 3, txt-fig., figs. 1–3); Barroso et al. (2021: 48, fig. 2K).

Seila adamsi : Maury (1922: 124, not figured); Warmke & Abbott (1962: 75, pl. 13, fig. m); Houbrick (1968: 14, not figured); Abbott (1974: 110, fig. 1126); Ekdale (1974: 644, not figured); Rios (1970: 45, not figured); Rios (1975: 49, pl. 13, fig. 180; 1985: 51, pl. 19, fig. 228; 1994: 94, pl. 31, fig. 372); Thiriot-Quiévreux (1980: 4, partim, figs. 20–24, 27); Princz (1982: 48, not figured); Sá et al. (1984: 5, fig. 24); Bandel (1984: 42, fig. 84, pl. 5, figs. 1, 5, illustrations of radula); Mello & Perrier (1986: 121, not figured); Reed & Mikkelsen (1987: 122, not figured); De Jong & Coomans (1988: 45, not figured); Absalão (1989: 3, not figured); Odé (1989: 11, not figured); Rolán & Fernandes (1990: 22, figs. 2, 12); Oliveira (1992: 280, not figured); Migotto et al. (1993: 17, not figured); Merlano & Hegedus (1994: 147, fig. 516); Barros (1996a: 68, not figured); Absalão et al. (1996: 238 (not figured, checked); Barros (1996b: 93, fig. 2h; Espinosa & Ortea (2001: 23, not figured); Morgado & Tanaka (2001: 177, not figured); García & Lee (2002: 11, not figured); Boehs et al. (2004: 539, not figured); Miyaji (2004: 79, not figured); Absalão (2005: 130, not figured); Martínez et al. (2006: 397, not figured); Santos et al. (2007: 226, not figured); Rios (2009: 171, text-fig); Souza et al. (2010: 307, not figured); Zhang (2011: 105, fig. 326); Espinosa et al. (2012: 76, fig. 383); Agudo-Padrón (2015: 65, not figured); Costa. et al. (2015: 9, not figured); Rivera & Navarrete (2007: 155, fig. 4H); Caregnato et al. (2009: 254, not figured).

Seila cf. adamsii : Lyons (1989: 14, plate V, fig 3).

Seila adamsi var. beauforti : Thiriot-Quiévreux (1980: 4, fig. 26), unavailable name: variety established after 1960 (ICZN, 1999: articles 45.5, 45.6)).

Type material. Lectotype: MCZ 156200 .

Type locality. New Bedford , Massachusetts, USA .

Material examined. -- Bahamas: Gorda Cay , B. H. Dietz coll., 01/i/2005: MZSP 52820 [4]; B. H. Dietz coll., v/2005: MZSP 79466 [2]; Brazil: -- Amapá state: 04°46’00’’N, 50°46’30’’W, 74 m, Oceanographic Ship ‘’ Almirante Saldanha’ ’ coll., 06 May 1971, CMPHRM 1878A [1 lv]; -- Rio Grande do Norte state: BPot 2 sta. MR44: MNRJ 32954 [9*], MNRJ 34989 [7*]; BPot 2 sta. MR45: MNRJ 32955 [8*]; BPot 2 sta. MR42: MNRJ 32956 [4*]; -- Ceará state: Porto do Pecém, São Gonçalo do Amarante, 5 m, Diego F. Bezerra coll., i/2009, CMPHRM 4045A [1]; Praia do Pacheco, Fortaleza, Veras, Debora Rocha A. coll., v/2007, CMPHRM 2617A [3]; Canal das Arabaianas, 03°32’45’’S, 38°16’10’’W, 32–35 m, Eduardo Freitas coll., 04/vii/2009: CMPHRM 6387B [1]; Fortaleza, 25/ iv/2008: CMPHRM 4318B [1]; Paracuru, vii/2009: CMPHRM 2849B [2 lv]; Praia do Boi Choco e Dois Coqueiros, Caucaia, 10/ix/2011: MZSP 101425 [1 lv]; -- Bahia state: REVIZEE– Central sta. C5–7 R: MNRJ 13419 [1*]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C5–7 R , 30/vi/2001: MNRJ 13418 [2*]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C5–13 R: IBUFRJ 12284 [1], IBUFRJ 13559 [1]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–C73: IBUFRJ 8795 [1], IBUFRJ 9155 [1]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C5–16 R: MNRJ 13415 [1*]; Farol de Itapuã , Salvador, A. Silva & Sebastião Oliveira coll., xii/1956: MNRJ 4112 [3*]; Itapuã, Salvador, coll., v/1982: MNRJ 21359 [20*]; Praia de Itapuã , Salvador, J. Vaz coll., vii/1975: MZSP 34317 [10]; Farol da Barra , Salvador, L. Simone coll., 1979: MZSP 82782 [1]; Salvador: MZSP 64891 [2]; Baía de Camamú , 13/xii/2001: MNRJ 9164 [1*]; Baia de Camamú , 13°52’46’’S, 39°58’46’’W, xii/2001: MNRJ 15331 [1*]; Baia de Camamú , M. C. Guerrazzi coll.: MZSP 61799 [1 lv]; Parcel Paredes, Alcobaça , 2–3 m, E. P. Gonçalves & P. J. S. Souza coll., 16/i/2000: MZSP 36867 [1], MZSP 46286 [1]; Mucuri , 25/viii/1988: IBUFRJ 3375 [1]; -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–VV31: IBUFRJ 12987 [3], MNRJ 15738 [1*]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–C65: IBUFRJ 10241 [1]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–VV38: IBUFRJ 9799 [62]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–C64: IBUFRJ 9241 [1], IBUFRJ 9264 [2]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–VV21: IBUFRJ 10211 [2], MNRJ 15735 [1*]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–VV22: MNRJ 15734 [1*], IBUFRJ 11371 [3]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C6–Y7: IBUFRJ 19744 [41]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–VV16: MNRJ 015736 [1*]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C2– 36 R: IBUFRJ 10691 [1]; Piúma, 1993: IBUFRJ 8645 [200]; 19°25’33.96’’S, 39°22’15.96’’W, 42 m, x/2003: MNRJ 019315 [1*]; 19°25’59.99’’S, 39°19’58.80’’W, 46 m, x/2003: MNRJ 31234 [1*]; 19°25’60’’S, 39°19’58.80’’W, 60 m, x/2003: MNRJ 32339 [1*], MNRJ 32309 [6*]; Porto de Ubú , 20°46’58.80’’S, 40°31’58.80’’W, ix/2007: MNRJ 30840 [1*]; off Serra , 20°13’59.88’’S, 40°12’W: MNRJ 32749 [2*]; Praia de Meaípe, Meaípe , 20°44’35’’S, 40°32’13’’W, 13/x/2014: MNRJ 34003 [1 lv *]; Piúma , J. Damasceno coll., iv/2002: MZSP 87532 [1]; Aracruz , 19°55’S, 40°10’W, 06/vi/2010: MZSP 134695 [1 lv]; Guarapari , 20°46’59.99’’S, 40°25’59.99’’W, vi/2011: MZSP 154091 [1]; Guarapari , 01/iv/2008: MZSP 154003 [2]; Guarapari , Coltro coll., 01/vi/2003: MZSP 37765 [1 lv]; HAB 13 sta. I2: MNRJ 16281 [6*p]; HAB 17 sta. I2: MNRJ 17447 [2*]; -- Cadeia Vitória-Trindade : Vitória Seamount, REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–C62: MNRJ 15737 [1*]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 13 sta. H2: MNRJ 16282 [1*]; HAB 13 sta. H3: MNRJ 16280 [3*], MNRJ 16286 [5*p]; HAB 16 sta. H3: MNRJ 17444 [8*p]; HAB 13 sta. H4: MNRJ 16285 [2*]; HAB 16 sta. H4: MNRJ 17448 [1*p]; HAB 11 sta. G3: MNRJ 16284 [2*p]; HAB 11 sta. G4 MNRJ 16283 [1*]; HAB 16 sta. G3: MNRJ 17446 [5*]; HAB 16 sta. G4: MNRJ 17445 [1*]; HAB 16 sta. B4: MNRJ 17449 [2*p]; 22°48’S, 40°45’W, supply-boat Astro Garoupa coll., iv/1998: IBUFRJ 11692 [1], IBUFRJ 11693 [3]; 23°04ʹS, 40°59ʹW, 17/xii/2004: MNRJ 18957 [1*]; 23°04ʹS, 40°59ʹW, 100 m, 22/iii/2005: MNRJ 18952 [1*]; 23°08ʹS, 41°02ʹW, x/2008: MNRJ 32953 [2*p], MNRJ 32952 [1*]; 23°4’60’’S, 40°57’60’’W, 100 m, vi/2004: MNRJ 026298 [4*]; GEOMAR XII sta. 63, 21°40.5’S, 40°1.9ʹW, 41.1 m, Oceanographic Ship Almirante Câmara coll., 28/viii/1979: IBUFRJ 7672 [1]; Praia do Forte , Cabo Frio, 16/vii/1988: MNRJ 020494 [4*]; Cabo Frio , Cabo Frio, 10 m, xii/1990: MNRJ 021302 [1*]; Prainha, Arraial do Cabo , 3 m, 02/ii/1996: MNRJ 022248 [1*]; Prainha, Arraial do Cabo , 22°57’34.65’’S, 42°1’25.44’’W, 3 m, ii/1984: MNRJ 11770 [2 lv *]; Prainha, Arraial do Cabo , 22°57’34.65’’S, 42°1’25.44’’W, 02/vii/1993: MNRJ 14505 [2*]; Itaipú, Niterói, 1981: IBUFRJ 977 [2]; Praia da Figueira, Angra dos Reis, C.Alvarenga coll.,1998: IBUFRJ 13584 [2]; Ilha do Cavaco , Angra dos Reis, 23°0’53.18’’S, 44°16’7.86’’W, 5/vii/1979: MNRJ 3993 [1*]; Ilha Itanhangá, Baía da Ilha Grande , Angra dos Reis, 22°59’23.7’’S, 44°24’32.10’’W, 05/viii/2008: MNRJ 19901 [2*]; Ilha Cunhambebe Grande, Baía da Ilha Grande , Angra dos Reis, 22°58’4.40’’S, 44°24’52.40’’W, 29/ix/2008: MNRJ 019902 [2 lv *]; Ilha do Aleijado, Baía da Ilha Grande , Angra dos Reis, 22°57’58.90’’S, 44°22’6’’W, 29/ix/2008: MNRJ 019903 [5 lv *]; Angra dos Reis , 23°7’37’’S, 44°17’5’’W, L. Simone coll., 2007: MZSP 132110 [1 lv]; Paraty , 23°11’27.10’’S, 44°37’24.30’’W, L. Simone coll., 18/i/2014: MZSP 134443 [1 lv] Ilha Comprida, Paraty , 23°10’39’’S, 44°40’39’’W, C. M . Cunha, A. P. S. Dornellas, J. Jardim, P. O. V . Lima & L. R . Simone coll., 18/i/2008: MZSP 86967 [1 lv]; Ilha Grande , Angra dos Reis, 23°13’8.70’’S, 44°9’21.99’’W, 2005: MZSP 137673 [6 lv]; RAP IG sta. 1: UERJ 3734 [2]; RAP IG sta. 4: UERJ 4020 [9]; RAP IG sta. 5: UERJ 5858 [2]; RAP IG sta. 10: UERJ 3781 [5]; RAP IG sta. 12: UERJ 5634 [15]; RAP IG sta. 13: UERJ 4651 [7]; RAP IG sta. 15: UERJ 3941 [16]; RAP IG sta. 16: UERJ 5016 [3]; RAP IG sta. 17: UERJ 4460 [3]; RAP IG sta. 19: UERJ 5755 [4]; RAP IG sta. 21: UERJ 5788 [13]; RAP IG sta. 23: UERJ 5420 [3]; RAP IG sta. 24: UERJ 4933 [4]; RAP IG sta. 26: UERJ 5395 [1]; RAP IG sta. 29: UERJ 5678 [4]; RAP IG sta. 30: UERJ 5553 [1]; RAP IG sta. 31: UERJ 5172 [7]; RAP IG sta. 34: UERJ 5259 [4]; RAP IG sta. 35: UERJ 3668 [2]; RAP IG sta. 37: UERJ 4779 [1]; RAP IG sta. 38: UERJ 3839 [3]; RAP IG sta. 39: UERJ 3963 [8]; RAP IG sta. 40: UERJ 4336 [2]; Enseada de Dois Rios , Ilha Grande , Angra dos Reis, 19–20/xi/1996: UERJ [16]; Ilha do Aleijado, Baía Da Ilha Grande , Angra dos Reis, 22°58’10.34”S, 44°22’6.34’’W: MNRJ 32764 [1 lv *]; Praia da Gávea , Lange-de-Morretes coll. ,

03/vi/1941: MZSP 17883 [1]; Porto do Açu , São João da Barra, 21°48’40.52”S, 40°59’12.01”W , 11/viii/2012: MZSP 113664 [1]; Porto do Açu , São João da Barra, 21°49’4”S, 41°00’04”W , vii/2012: MZSP 111190 [4];-- São Paulo state: Saco da Sangava, Ilha de Santo Amaro, Guarujá, J. Vaz coll. , 25/v/1971: MZSP 33591 [1]; Praia do Pecê , Guarujá, L. R. L. Simone coll. , ii/1957: MZSP 82561 [16]; Ubatuba , 48 m, 23°56’39”S, 45° 7’39”W, Navio Ocenográfico W. Besnard coll. , 28/vii/1986: MZSP 84095 [1]; Enseada do Flamengo , Ubatuba, C. Jesus coll. , 25/ vi/1956: MZSP 52121 [1]; Praia Enseada , Ubatuba, L. R. L. Simone coll. , 29/xi/1991: MZSP 83985 [1 lv]; Praia da Enseada , Ubatuba, Lange-de-Morretes coll. , 21/v/1950: MZSP 52132 [76]; Itaguá, Ubatuba , x/1992: IBUFRJ 6323 [1]; Praia da Enseada , Ubatuba, J. Vaz coll. , v/1967: MZSP 33558 [1]; Ilha Vitória , Ilhabela, 23°47’26.77”S, 45°08’44.19”W , 06/xii/2012: MZSP 109369 [1 lv], MZSP 109400 [2]; Ilha Vitória , Parcel dos Piratas, Ilhabela, 23°45’14.10”S, 45°01’6.90”W , 23/x/2012: MZSP 109846 [1]; Ilha dos Búzios , Costa do Aquário, Ilhabela, 23°47’45.72”S, 45°09’16.92”W , 16/v/2012: MZSP 105616 [3]; Ilha de Vitória , Saco da Professora, Ilhabela, 23°44’52.80”S, 45°00’54.72”W , 15/v/2012: MZSP 105735 [3]; 23°58’59.99”S, 46°22’0.01”W, J. Colella coll. , vii/1975: MZSP 134237 [80]; Praia das Cigarras , São Sebastião, M. Vanucci coll. , 09/ix/1958: MZSP 52131 [1]; Praia do Araçá , São Sebastião, 24°49’39”S, 45°26’21.98”W , 21/ii/2013: MZSP 113374 [1]; Arquipélago dos Alcatrazes, São Sebastião , 24°06’22.01”S, 45°41’36.26”W , 03/xii/2012: MZSP 109301 [2]; Ilha do Castilho , ESEC Tupiniquins, Cananeia, 25°16’39”S, 47°57’39”W, 0–9m, V. S. Amaral, C. H. Guimarães, P. O. Lima coll. , 26/ i/2007: MZSP 83455 [1]; -- Paraná state: Ilha dos Ratos, O. de Fiore coll. : MZSP 52345 [5]; Matinhos , 25°50’41.78”S, 48°32’13.99”W , 13/vii/2018: MZSP 152503 [5]; -- Santa Catarina state: Itapema , 08/i/1988: MNRJ 21086 [10*] .

Remarks. Seila adamsii is possibly the most cited species of Cerithiopsidae in the western Atlantic, including several fossil records since the Miocene (e.g., Dall 1892; Richards 1962; Weisbord 1962; Spencer & Campbell 1987). The synonymy and chresonymy lists provided herein includ as many records as possible, mainly from Brazil, but most of them cannot be checked due to the absence of illustrations or voucher specimens.

Lee (2020) presented a summary of records of Seila adamsii in the Caribbean and Florida, discussing its wide shell variation (especially in the protoconch) and distribution along the Florida coast. Lee (2020) considered that S. adamsii includes a complex of several species. In fact, since Olsson & Harbison (1953), some authors have reported various protoconch forms or even different species under the name S. adamsii from the USA and the Caribbean (e.g., Thiriot-Quiévreux 1980; Reed & Mikkelsen 1987; Lyons 1989; Lee 2009). Lee (2020) considered the existence of three morphs between North Carolina ( USA) and Cuba, one with a multispiral protoconch (having a wide geographical range on both sides of Florida), the other two paucispiral (one of them particularly common in southern Florida and with a wide range in the Caribbean—also illustrated by Rolán & Fernandes 1990 and Cecalupo & Perugia 2020). The form with the multispiral type of protoconch occurs northwards at least until Weekapaug Point, Rhode Island ( Krisberg 2010f).

Most shells of S. adamsii in Brazilian collections have a broken apex ( Fig. 30A – C ). The very few shells with an intact protoconch always show the multispiral mode ( Fig. 30F, H ), with up to 5.5 whorls, similarly to the concept of S. adamsii by Thiriot-Quiévreux (1980), who studied specimens from North Carolina ( USA) and indicated the presence of granules in the embryonic whorl, which is also seen in shells from Brazil ( Fig. 30G ). However, the protoconch length in shells from Brazil is ~700 µm, contrasting with the 400 µm long in multispiral protoconchs reported by Thiriot-Quiévreux (1980) and Rivera & Navarrete (2007), the latter from Mexico. Instead, protoconch dimensions from Brazil match with that reported as the lecithotrophic form of S. adamsii , named by Thiriot-Quiévreux (1980) as Seila adamsi var. beauforti (an unavailable name). We consider one image of the supposed paucispiral type ( Thiriot-Quiévreux 1980: fig. 27) as multispiral and thus not matching “var. beauforti ”.

Rolán & Pelorce (2005) considered the protoconch sculpture the most constant character to distinguish species of Seila from West Africa. Protoconchs are not preserved in the type material of S. adamsii . Moreover, the protoconch morphology of Cerithium pseudoclavulus dʹOrbigny, 1852, from the Pliocene of Virginia, USA, and S. adamsii var. attenuata Dall, 1892 , from the Miocene of Florida, USA are unknown. The available information about soft parts of S. adamsii is sparse: Dall (1889a) described the external morphology, operculum, jaw and radula of S. terebralis , but did not cite the origin of the material, and Bandel (1984) illustrated the radula of a specimen from Colombia. In both works, there is no illustration of the shell.

Currently, besides S. adamsii , only Seila tissieri Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020 (from Guadeloupe and Martinique) and Seila subalbida Dall, 1927 (from the deep sea off Georgia, USA) occur in the western Atlantic. While in the Pacific ( Dushane & Draper 1975) and west Africa ( Rolán & Pelorce 2005) the diversity of Seila is well known, a future elucidation of the several morphs in the western Atlantic depends on integrative research, combining morphology and genetics as well as the sampling of new material at the type locality of S. adamsii .

Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Seila adamsii is probably the most cited Cerithiopsidae species in the western Atlantic, however, it probably constitutes a species complex. Its distribution includes records from several localities of the Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic and Tropical Northwestern Atlantic provinces, ranging from Massachusetts ( USA) to Venezuela, including the entire Greater Caribbean region. We confirm its occurrence on the North Brazil Shelf, in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province and from the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province, and from Amapá to Santa Catarina states, including Abrolhos and the Vitória Seamount. It is also recorded from Uruguay ( Forcelli & Narosky, 2015) as well as fossil forms from the Holocene.

Littoral to 107 m (this study); the depth record of 157 m ( Miyaji 2004), based on a single shell, must be considered with caution. This species has several fossil records (e.g., Dall 1892; Richards 1962; Weisbord1962; Spencer & Campbell 1987), since the Miocene.

Genus Cubalaskeya Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2008

Type species. Retilaskeya nivea Faber, 2007 , by original designation.

Figures

FIGURE 30. Seila adamsii (Lea, 1845)—species complex. A: lectotype, from Massachusetts (MCZ 156200); B–G: Shell from Rio de Janeiro state (B: MNRJ 17449; C: MNRJ 32953; D–G: MNRJ 17444); H–J: shell from Espírito Santo state (IBUFRJ 9799); E: body whorl of shell in D; F–G: protoconch and detail of sculpture of shell in D; H–J: protoconch and detail of sculpture. Lengths of whole shells: A: 7.3 mm; B: 6.4 mm; C: 7.9 mm; D: 9.8 mm. Scale bars: A–D: 1 mm; E: 500 µm; F, H–I: 200 µm; G, J: 100 µm.