Cerithiopsis flava (C. B. Adams, 1850 )

Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade & Fernandes, Maurício Romulo, 2024, Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea), Zootaxa 5494 (1), pp. 1-71 : 47-49

Cerithiopsis flava (C. B. Adams, 1850) —species complex

( Fig. 25 )

Cerithium flavum C. B. Adams, 1850: 122 .

Cerithiopsis hero Bartsch, 1911: 303 , pl. 28, fig. 1. Synonymized by Redfern (2001).

Cerithiopsis redferni Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020: 20 , pl. 22, figs. 3a–c. New synonymy.

Cerithium flavum : Clench & Turner (1950: 282, pl. 37, fig. 21).

Bittium (Platygyra) flavum : Mörch (1876: 99, not figured).

Cerithiopsis hero : Thiriot-Quiévreux (1980: 5, figs. 34–37); Tunnell et al. (2010: 202, text-fig); Rivera & Navarrete (2007: 154, fig. 3K).

Cerithiopsis flavum : Tryon (1887: 170, pl. 35, fig. 37); Parker & Curray (1956: 2433, not figured); Nowell-Usticke (1959: 42–43, not figured); Reed & Mikkelsen (1987: 121, not figured); De Jong & Coomans (1988: 47, not figured); Cipriani et al. (1994: 201, fig. 1); Espinosa et al. (2005: 29, not figured).

Cerithiopsis cf. hero : Odé (1989: 19, figs. 3a, 9).

Cerithiopsis flava : Lyons (1989: 1, pl. V, fig. 3; Redfern (2001: 70, pl. 34, figs. 295A–D; 2013: 133, figs. 380A–B); García & Lee (2002: 11, not figured); Rolán et al. (2007: 11, figs. 42–50, 76–79, 99–100, 105, 110; 2012: 9, fig. 24); Lee (2009: 85, fig. 415; Rosenberg et al. (2009: 644, not figured); Tunnell et al. (2010: 201, text-fig); Krisberg (2010e: https://olram9. wixsite.com/letstalkseashells/copy-of-template-96); García & Lee (2011: http://www.jaxshells.org/efg1030.htm); Daccarett & Bossio (2011: 92, fig. 425); Zhang (2011: 103, fig. 317); Espinosa et al. (2012: 76, fig. 376); Agudo-Padrón (2015: 65, not figured); Fernandes & Pimenta (2017: 872, figs. 3n–o); Lamy & Pointier (2017: 290, pl. 93, figs. 3a–b); Hernández & Álvarez (2019: 9, fig. 3d; Cecalupo & Perugia (2020: 37, pl. 18, figs. 1a–o, pl. 29, figs. a–d).

Type material. Holotype: MCZ 186114 .

Type locality. Jamaica .

Material examined. USA: -- Florida: Sebastian Inlet, M. Krisberg coll., 14/vii/2010: MNRJ 17994 [7*]; Brazil: -- Amapá state: 2°21ʹN, 48°29ʹ24ʺW, 72 m: MNRJ 27806 [4*]; -- Rio Grande do Norte state: BPot sta. MR42: MNRJ 34986 [31]; Praia de Búzios, Pirangi, F. N. Santos coll., 20/vi/2009: MZSP 92999 [1 lv]; -- Pernambuco state: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago , L. Colella coll., 10/viii/1978: MZSP 155540 [1]; Praia do Pina, Recife, P. Maestrati coll.: MNHN [3*]; Cabo de Santo Agostinho , P. Maestrati coll.: MNHN [3*], MNHN [34*], MNHN [5*]; Porto de Galinhas , Ipojuca: MNRJ 26903 [3*]; -- Alagoas state: Paripueira, P. Cardoso coll., xii/1964: MORG 48808 [3*]; -- Bahia state: Morro de São Paulo, Praia de Garapuá , Cairu: MZSP 100935 [2 lv]; Praia do Forte, Mata de São João, L. Barcellos coll., v/1987: MORG 48802 [1*]; Itapuã, Salvador, G. Oliveira coll., iv/1982: MORG 2219 [2*]; Baía de Todos os Santos, O. Falcão coll., 1997: IBUFRJ 13399 [56]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–C76: IBUFRJ 10135 [1]; Abrolhos, i/1985: MORG 48803 [17*], MORG 48804 [23*]; Guarita Island , Abrolhos, A. Silveira & L. Laurino coll., ii/1987: MORG 26429 [5*]; -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–C65: MORG 48810 [1]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–VV38: IBUFRJ 19697 [1]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C6– R2–1 : IBUFRJ 16035 [9]; Aracruz, V . Abud coll., viii/1988: MORG 48805 [3*], MORG 48815 [2*]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C6–Y7: IBUFRJ 15816 [5*]; REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–VV16: IBUFRJ 13394 [1]; HAB 17 sta. I1: MNRJ 16545 [4*p]; HAB 17 sta. I2: MNRJ 16546 [8*]; HAB 13 sta. I2: MNRJ 16211 [13*]; HAB 17 sta. I3: MNRJ 16547 [3*]; HAB 13 sta. I4: MNRJ 16217 [2*]; HAB 17 sta. I4: MNRJ 16548 [2*]; HAB 17 sta. I5: MNRJ 16549 [2*]; -- Vitória-Trindade Chain : Vitória Seamount, REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–C61: IBUFRJ 9314 [3]; Dogaressa Seamount , REVIZEE– Central sta. C5–44: IBUFRJ 14063 [1]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: REVIZEE– Central sta. C1–D3: IBUFRJ 19631 [7]; 23°04ʹS, 40°53ʹW: MNRJ 15286 [3*]; HAB 13 sta. H3: MNRJ 16218 [18*]; HAB 16 sta. H3: MNRJ 16543 [22*p]; HAB 13 sta. H2: MNRJ 16213 [3*]; HAB 13 sta. H1: MNRJ 16220 [2*]; HAB 16 sta. H4: MNRJ 16544 [3*]; HAB 13 sta. H4: MNRJ 16214 [17*]; HAB 11 sta. G3: MNRJ 16208 [16*]; HAB 11 sta. G1: MNRJ 16209 [1*]; HAB 11 sta. G2: MNRJ 16265 [1*]; HAB 11 sta. G4: MNRJ 16210 [3*]; HAB 16 sta. G2: MNRJ 16539 [1*]; HAB 16 sta. G3: MNRJ 16540 [25*]; HAB 16 sta. G4: MNRJ 16541 [19*]; HAB 16 sta. G5: MNRJ 16542 [2*]; HAB 11 sta. E4: MNRJ 16216 [1*]; HAB 16 sta. D5: MNRJ 16538 [1*]; HAB 11 sta. C3: MNRJ 16206 [6*]; HAB 11 sta. C5: MNRJ 16207 [2*]; HAB 11 sta. C4: MNRJ 16212 [4*]; HAB 16 sta. C3: MNRJ 16535 [15*p]; HAB 16 sta. C4: MNRJ 16536 [1*]; HAB 16 sta. C5: MNRJ 16537 [1*]; HAB 16 sta. B5: MNRJ 16534 [3*]; HAB 11 sta. B5: MNRJ 16215 [12*p]; HAB 11 sta. B4: MNRJ 16219 [7*]; HAB 16 sta. B4: MNRJ 16533 [31*p]; HAB 11 sta. B2: MNRJ 16276 [1*]; HAB 16 sta. A5: MNRJ 16532 [1*]; 23°05ʹS, 40°58ʹW, 100 m, 16–17/ix/2004: MNRJ 30857 [8*]; 22°42ʹS, 40°40ʹW, 110–120 m, 19/ix/2003: MNRJ 31358 [3*]; 23°6ʹS, 41°6ʹW, x/2008: MNRJ 32949 [2*]; 23°8ʹW, 41°2ʹ6ʺW, x/2008: MNRJ 32950 [2*]; 23°13ʹ30ʺS, 41°2ʹ00ʺW: MNRJ 32951 [3*]; 23°04ʹW, 40°59ʹW, 17/xii/2004: MNRJ 33010 [20*]; 23°18ʹS, 41°14ʹ, 120 m, 20/xii/2004: MNRJ 33387 [1*]; Ilha de Búzios, Baía da Ilha Grande, A. Breves coll., 11/xii/2009: MNRJ 19588 [2*]; Ilha Peregrino, Baía da Ilha Grande, A. Breves coll., 23/vi/2008: MNRJ 19587 [*1]; -- São Paulo state: REVIZEE– Sul sta. 6662: MZSP 93782 [1]; PADCT sta. 6571: MZSP 93783 [1]; REVIZEE– Sul sta. 6677: MZSP 93785 [1]; REVIZEE– Sul sta. 6676: MZSP 93786 [1]; PADCT sta. 6577: MZSP 93787 [1]; -- Santa Catarina state: Porto Belo Island , R . Novelli coll., x/1981: MORG 22292 [3*]; PADCT sta. 6641: MZSP 93788 [1]; PADCT sta. 6595: MZSP 93789 [1].

Remarks. Cerithiopsis flava ( Fig. 25 ) is widely distributed in the western Atlantic, with several records from the southern USA to Venezuela (e.g., Rolán et al. 2007; Redfern 2013). Recently, it was recorded from Guadeloupe and Martinique by Cecalupo & Perugia (2020), who presented an extensive list of examined material. They also described Cerithiopsis redferni Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020 , based on a single shell from Florida, USA. However, this taxon is problematic since the holotype has a broken protoconch and the presented comparison with other taxa is vague. The shell shape and sculpture are identical to that of C. flava . The tip of the protoconch of C. redferni is broken off; the remaoning three protoconch whorls are somewhat eroded but fit the protoconch of C. flava . Considering such similarities and that C. flava is also abundant in Florida, we consider C. redferni a junior synonym of C. flava .

Cerithiopsis flava is also widespread in Brazilian coastal waters, and it is easily recognized by its peculiar protoconch, with up to six or seven whorls ( Fig. 25I ) and a distinctly acuminated apex, covered by small and rounded granules ( Fig. 25J ). It was first reported from Brazil by Lee (2009), although not giving precise localities. Further, Agudo-Padrón (2015) recorded it from Santa Catarina state (southern Brazil) in a species list, and Fernandes & Pimenta (2017) illustrated a protoconch of C. flava found from the continental slope of Campos Basin (southeastern Brazil).

Rolán et al. (2007) considered a high variability in teleoconch features of C. flava .

Rolán et al. (2007, fig. 108), in a lapsus calami, did not depict, as indicated, the holotype of C. flava , but actually the holotype of C. albovittata . The holotype of C. flava was illustrated by Rolán et al. (2007, fig. 76) and the caption erroneously states “fragment from Cuba like the holotype ” but it shows actually the holotype of C. flava figured by Clench & Turner (1950) and herein ( Fig. 24A ). Despite this confusion, Rolán et al. (2007) presented a consistent discussion to demonstrated that the broken holotype of C. flava presents the diagnostic features of teleoconch sculpture.

Some variation may occur in the color of shells from Brazil, from white ( Fig. 24D ) to dark brown ( Fig. 25C ), and in the shell outline, usually rectilinear ( Fig. 25D, F ), but some shells have slightly convex whorls ( Fig. 25B, E ).

We highlight that C. flava is one of the few shallow-water cerithiopsids that reach the deepest portions of the Brazilian continental shelf, herein recorded to a depth of 149 m, which is similar to other deep records of this species in the literature (e.g., 130 m in Guadeloupe and Martinique; Cecalupo & Perugia 2020). Cerithiopsis flava and Belonimorphis cubensis are the only cerithiopsids so far recorded in the Vitória-Trindade Chain (southeastern Brazil) beyond the Vitória Seamount. The very scarce records, perhaps indicate a pseudopopulation. This seems possible due to its probably long-lived larva, with a many-whorled protoconch, which enables larvae of C. flava to reach offshore waters in southeastern Brazil ( Fernandes & Pimenta 2017).

Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Cerithiopsis flava has mostly been reported from the western Atlantic, including several localities in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic province, ranging from Florida to Venezuela, including all Greater Caribbean region . Its occurrence is confirmed from the North Brazil Shelf , Tropical Southwestern Atlantic and from the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province , from Amapá to Santa Catarina states, including Fernando de Noronha Archipelago , Abrolhos and Vitória-Trindade Chain. Littoral to 149 m (this study) .

Figures

FIGURE 24. Cerithiopsis soubzmaignei (Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020). Shell from Amapá state (MNRJ 34992). C: body whorl; D: protoconch. Lengths of whole shells: A–B: 2.2 mm. Scale bars: A–B: 1 mm; C–D: 200 µm.

FIGURE 25. Cerithiopsis flava (C. B. Adams, 1850)—species complex. A: holotype, from Jamaica (MCZ 186114); B, D, F–J: shells from Rio de Janeiro state (B: MNRJ 16215; D: MNRJ 16543; F–H: MNRJ 16535; I–J: MNRJ 16533); C: shell from Espírito Santo state (C: MNRJ 16545); E: shell from Bahia state (E: IBUFRJ 13399); G: body whorl of shell in F; H: detail of teleoconch sculpture of shell in F; I: protoconch and detail of protoconch sculpture of shell in F. Lengths of whole shells:A: 2.5 mm; B: 3.5 mm; C: 3.1 mm; D: 4.0 mm; E: 3.3 mm; F: 4.5. Scale bars: 1 mm. G–H: 200 μm; I: 100 μm; J: 50 μm.