CYPRINIFORMES

Datovo, Aléssio & Vari, Richard P., 2014, The adductor mandibulae muscle complex in lower teleostean fishes (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii): comparative anatomy, synonymy, and phylogenetic implications, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171 (3), pp. 554-622 : 613

CYPRINIFORMES

The Cypriniformes is a monophyletic order diagnosed by several skeletal synapomorphies ( Fink & Fink, 1981; Conway et al., 2010; Conway, 2011). A first myological synapomorphy is herein proposed for the order: [6] the anterior portion of the body of the ectorictalis covering part of the lateral surface of the maxilla when the mouth is closed ( Figs 15 , 16 ; Vetter, 1878; Takahasi, 1925; Edwards, 1926; Eaton, 1935; Van Dobben, 1935; Girgis, 1952; Munshi, 1960; Weisel, 1960; Alexander, 1966; Ballintijn et al., 1972; Wu & Shen, 2004; Hernandez et al., 2005; Diogo & Doadrio, 2008; Diogo et al., 2008a, b; Staab & Hernandez, 2010; Staab et al., 2012). Such an arrangement was not encountered elsewhere in the Teleostei, other than for a few derived taxa in the Gobiiformes (A. Datovo pers. observ.; Takahasi, 1925: A1β; Van Tassell & Baldwin, 2004: A2 gamma). Given the huge phylogenetic distance between the Cypriniformes and these derived taxa in the Gobiiformes, this specialized condition of the ectorictalis in these groups is more parsimoniously interpreted as parallel acquisitions, with the condition in the Cypriniformes constituting a synapomorphy for the order ( Fig. 27).

Figures

Figure 15. Adductor mandibulae and associated structures of Rasbora cephalotaenia (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), USNM 330848 (81.2 mm standard length). Left side in (A) lateral and (B) medial views. Abbreviations: AM, adductor mandibulae; IA, intersegmental aponeurosis; RMT, ramus mandibularis trigeminus nerve.

Figure 16. Adductor mandibulae and associated structures of (A) Raiamas senegalensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), USNM 271201 [93.0 mm standard length (SL)] and (B) Carassius auratus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), MZUSP 112353 (44.2 mm SL). Left sides in lateral view. Abbreviations: AM, adductor mandibulae; RMT, ramus mandibularis trigeminus nerve.