Trichomyia, HALIDAY IN CURTIS, 1839

Araújo, Maíra Xavier, Bravo, Freddy & Carvalho, Claudio José Barros De, 2023, First phylogeny of Trichomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae: Trichomyiinae) based on morphological data of adults, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3), pp. 871-900 : 882-890

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad004
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19CB31B7-E41A-4BC4-B6FD-A759FB33B86F
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8148129
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DAB954-A828-FFA3-FF2F-46FCFB4EF945
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Trichomyia
status

Treatment

GENUS TRICHOMYIA HALIDAY IN CURTIS, 1839 View in CoL

Trichomyia Haliday in Curtis, 1839: 745 View in CoL .

Type species: Trichomyia urbica Haliday in Curtis, 1839 (by monotypy).

Monophyly: Characters in support of the monophyly of the genus are as follows: oval shape of the dorsal border bounded by the postoccipital margin and opistosomal suture limited by the postmentum (12-2); flagellomeres located mediobasally in flagellomeres (28-0); cercus acuminated (60-1).

Diagnosis: Distance between antennal sockets short, less than one-third the width of the antennal socket. Dorsal border bounded by the postoccipital margin and oval or subtriangular opistosomal suture. Palpus with four or three segments; when four, the first and second with a small proximal area fused. Antennae with the first flagellomere approximately the same length as the second flagellomere; all flagellomeres connected asymmetrically in most species. Ascoids long, showing approximately the same length as or being longer than the flagellomere, and located near the flagellomere base. Scutum with alveoli concentrated on the margins and absent in the central region. In all species, male terminalia bearing a projection at the apex of the cercus with a more accuminate shape.

Description: Male. Head subcircular and eyes without an ocular bridge. Distance between antennal sockets short, less than one-third of the antennal socket width. Supraocular bristles in a single row. Two or three supracervical bristles, and the dorsal border bounded by the postoccipital margin and an opistosomal suture, oval or piriform. Labella globose and irregular with a swollen apex or elongated with an acuminate apex. Palpus with three or four segments; when with four, the first two segments are completely or partly fused. Scape cylindrical, approximately the same size as the spherical or cylindrical pedicel. The first flagellomere is nearly as long as the second flagellomere, with a pyriform or fusiform shape, and the insertion point between them is asymmetrical. Ascoids longer or of the same length as the flagellomere, arranged in an S or C shape and positioned mediobasally. Scutum with alveoli concentrated at the margins and absent in the central region, except in T. nuda and T. incrustabilis . Anepimeron with alveoli, except in T. nuda , T. piricornis , T. urbica and T. kostovi . Wing with the radial fork closer to the apex than the apex of CuA 2, with some variation. Alveoli in tergites II – VI randomly distributed or concentrated in the apical region. Owing to the wide variations in male genitalia at a specific level, it is not possible to identify many patterns for the genus. There is great variation in the shapes of the epandrium, cercus and gonostylus. Species with a projection at the apex of the cercus are usually acuminated. The gonostylus is little or highly sclerotized, and most species have an arm in the gonocoxite, which can vary in number, direction and shape. The hypandrium and gonocoxite are fused.

Female: The head, antenna and wing are similar to those in males. Spermathecal ducts are sclerotized and annulated. Females of most species belonging to this genus have not been described, and given their diversity and lack of studies, the characteristics of female genitalia are not listed here for the present genus.

Distribution: Worlwide distribution, with records in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Caribbean, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Madagascar, Malaya, Mexico, Micronesia, The Netherlands, Norway, New Guinea, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, the USA and Venezuela.

Comments: T h e r e d u c t i o n o f s e g m e n t s i n the maxillary palp of Trichomyia is well illustrated in phylogeny. In Phlebotominae and Bruchomyiinae , the maxillary palp shows five segments. Reduction to four segments is observed in species of Psychodinae and Sycoracinae and in some species of Trichomyiinae , and reduction to three segments is observed only in species of Trichomyiinae ( Bravo, 2000) . Based on Psychodinae fossils, Azar & Nel (2003) proposed that there is a gradation between species from five to four palp segments, because they observed a weak groove in the segments of the palp, which probably resulted from the fusion of the two segments. The phylogeny of Trichomyiinae proposed here ( Fig. 8 View Figure 8 ) indicates sequential reduction from four to three segments in Trichomyia . First, segments one and two of the maxillary palp were partly fused, with the first segment overlapping the second one (17-1). Further reduction to three segments occurred posteriorly (16-0).

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Diptera
Family	Psychodidae

Trichomyia

Araújo, Maíra Xavier, Bravo, Freddy & Carvalho, Claudio José Barros De 2023

2023