Xenochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874

Yamamoto, Shûhei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), Zootaxa 4101 (1), pp. 1-68 : 52

Subgenus Xenochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874

( Figs 8 , 17 , 26 , 35 , 43 , 93–99 , 117–118 , 127 )

Xenochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874: 60 (original description); Klimaszewski, 1984: 34 (redescription); Klimaszewski & Jansen, 1993: 60 (redescription); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 27 (catalogue of Canadian and Alaskan species of Aleocharinae ); Assing, 2009: 36 (descriptive mention); Park & Ahn, 2010b: 22 (redescription).

Type species: Aleochara decorata Aubé, 1850: 311 (= Aleochara puberula Klug, 1832 ), by original designation and monotypy.

Polychara Mulsant & Rey, 1874: 64 (type species: Aleochara discipennis Mulsant & Rey, 1853 ).

Homoeochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874: 130 (type species: Aleochara sparsa Heer, 1839 ).

Dyschara Mulsant & Rey, 1874: 141 (type species: Aleochara inconspicua Aubé, 1850 ).

Isochara Bernhauer, 1901a: 440 (type species: Aleochara tristis Gravenhorst, 1806 ).

Ophiochara Bernhauer, 1901a: 483 (type species: Aleochara breiti Ganglbauer, 1897 ).

Euryodma Reitter, 1909: 23 (type species: Aleochara brevipennis Gravenhorst, 1806 ).

See Klimaszewski (1984), Klimaszewski & Jansen (1993), Gouix & Klimaszewski (2007), Assing (2009), and Park & Ahn (2010) for further synonymic and taxonomic information.

Diagnosis. The subgenus Xenochara is not fully defined but can be distinguished from the other congeneric taxa by the combination of following character states (see Klimaszewski, 1984; Park & Ahn, 2010b): body compact, densely pubescent, spindle-shaped; antennomere IV usually elongate or at most only slightly transverse; pronotum evenly pubescent; mesoventrite rather, completely or almost completely carinate along midline; median lobe of aedeagus of male with projecting flagellum inside, at least 1/4 as long as median lobe; female spermatheca without coils basally, but sometimes deformed basally.

Comments. Assing (2009) recently revised the subgenus Xenochara , proposing three subgeneric synonymies: Dyschara , Ophiochara , and Euryodma . The subgenus is probably by far the most speciose subgenus of the genus Aleochara , with Palearctic examples alone including 106 species ( Assing, 2009). In Japan, seven species of Xenochara are known ( Shibata et al., 2013).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 9. Habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 1, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 2, A. (A.) curtula; 3, A. (A.) lata; 4, A. (A.) parens; 5, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 6, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 7, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 8, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 9, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 10 – 18. Lateral habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa: 10, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 11, A. (A.) curtula; 12, A. (A.) lata; 13, A. (A.) parens; 14, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 15, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 16, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 17, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 18, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 19 – 27. Head of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 19, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 20, A. (A.) curtula; 21, A. (A.) lata; 22, A. (A.) parens; 23, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 24, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 25, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 26, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 27, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 28 – 36. Meso- and metaventrite of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 28, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 29, A. (A.) curtula; 30, A. (A.) lata; 31, A. (A.) parens; 32, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 33, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 34, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 35, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 36, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 37 – 44. Antenna of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (right, dorsal view): 37, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 38, A. (A.) curtula; 39, A. (A.) lata; 40, A. (A.) parens; 41, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 42, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 43, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 44, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 93 – 99. Terminalia of Aleochara (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.: 93, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 94, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 95, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 96, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 97, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 98, ditto, parameral view; 99, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (93 – 96); 0.2 mm (97 – 98); 0.1 mm (99).

FIGURES 107 – 119. Type materials of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 107, syntype of Aleochara coreana; 108, syntype of A. lewisia; 109, ditto, re-mounted; 110, lectotype of A. discoidea; 111, lectotype of A. parens; 112, paralectotypes of A. parens; 113, holotype of A. postica; 114, lectotype of A. claviger; 115, syntype of A. nitouensis; 116, ditto; 117 – 118, lectotype of A. niponensis; 119, holotype of A. kochi. Deposited in BMNH: 107 – 114, 117 – 118. Deposited in FMNH: 115 – 116, 119.

FIGURES 127 – 128. Collecting localities of Aleochara (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev. and Paraleochara kochi n. comb. in Japan, based on the specimens examined in this study [previously treated as Aleochara (Aleochara)]: 125, A. (X.) niponensis; 126, P. kochi.