Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802

Yamamoto, Shûhei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), Zootaxa 4101 (1), pp. 1-68 : 6-9

Subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802

( Figs 1–7 , 10–16 , 19–25 , 28–34 , 37–42 , 45–92 , 107–116 , 120 , 121–126 )

Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802: 67 (original description); Klimaszewski, 1984: 14 (in key to subgenus of Nearctic subgenera of genus Aleochara ), 70 (redescription); Klimaszewski & Jansen, 1994: 94 (redescription); Welch, 1997: 1 (taxonomic note); Klimaszewski et al., 2000: 230 (in key to subgenus of Madagascan subgenera of genus Aleochara ), 241 (descriptive mention); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (catalogue of Canadian and Alaskan species of Aleocharinae ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 179 (descriptive mention).

Type species: Staphylinus curtulus Goeze, 1777: 730 (= Aleochara fuscipes sensu Gravenhorst, 1802 , nec Linnaeus, 1758), by subsequent designation. See Smetana (2004a: 30).

Copiata Gozis, 1886: 12 (type species: Staphylinus curtulus Goeze, 1777 = Aleochara fuscipes sensu Gravenhorst, 1802 , nec Linnaeus, 1758).

Correa Fauvel, 1878: 592 (type species: Correa oxytelina Fauvel, 1878 ).

Euryodma ; Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 780 (in part, nec Reitter, 1909); Klimaszewski, 1984: 70 (sensu stricto).

See Klimaszewski (1984) for further references, especially those before Klimaszewski (1984).

Diagnosis. The subgenus Aleochara can be distinguished from the other congeneric taxa by the combination of following character states (see also Klimaszewski, 1984): medium to large size adults; dorsal surface of body without conspicuous microsculpture; antennomeres V-X transverse, each at least twice broader than long; maxillary palpomere IV long, at least 2/ 3 in length as palpomere III; pronotum evenly pubescent; each elytron with posterolateral corners usually not sinuate; legs with tibia lack spines on lateral margins; mesosternite without any median carina, usually wide, broadly rounded apically or rather truncate, with apex completely reaching to intercoxal process of metaventrite; posterior margin of male abdominal tergite VIII bearing with short setae densely, rather clustered (at least some species of the subgenus); median lobe of aedeagus of male lacks projecting flagellum; female spermatheca without coils basally.

Comments. In Japan, six species have been recorded in the subgenus Aleochara : Aleochara (Aleochara) clavigera Sharp, 1874 ; A. (A.) coreana Bernhauer, 1926 ; A. (A.) curtula ( Goeze, 1777) ; A. (A.) kochi Bernhauer, 1941 ; A. (A.) lata Gravenhorst, 1802 , and; A. (A.) parens Sharp, 1874 . Recently, Luo & Zhao (2012) revised this subgenus in China and Taiwan, with five inhabitants the same as those in Japan. Their work, however, contained some taxonomic issues. First, three out of 15 species, treated as valid species, are actually synonyms. Second, not all of the species had figures, so it was difficult to identify and delimit each species. Finally, the figures were not necessarily correct or precise; thus, this study is inadequate for a reliable interpretation of the correct extraction of the species characteristics. We therefore redescribe all of the species including the ones already redescribed in Luo & Zhao (2012).

Figures

FIGURE 120. Habitat of the holotype of Aleochara (Aleochara) yaeyamensis n. sp. (Kanpireno-taki Fall, Iriomote-jima Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan).

FIGURES 1 – 9. Habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 1, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 2, A. (A.) curtula; 3, A. (A.) lata; 4, A. (A.) parens; 5, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 6, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 7, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 8, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 9, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 10 – 18. Lateral habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa: 10, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 11, A. (A.) curtula; 12, A. (A.) lata; 13, A. (A.) parens; 14, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 15, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 16, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 17, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 18, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 19 – 27. Head of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 19, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 20, A. (A.) curtula; 21, A. (A.) lata; 22, A. (A.) parens; 23, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 24, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 25, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 26, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 27, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 28 – 36. Meso- and metaventrite of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 28, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 29, A. (A.) curtula; 30, A. (A.) lata; 31, A. (A.) parens; 32, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 33, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 34, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 35, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 36, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 37 – 44. Antenna of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (right, dorsal view): 37, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 38, A. (A.) curtula; 39, A. (A.) lata; 40, A. (A.) parens; 41, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 42, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 43, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 44, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 45 – 51. Terminalia of Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana: 45, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 46, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 47, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 48, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 49, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 50, ditto, parameral view; 51, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (45 – 48); 0.2 mm (49 – 50); 0.1 mm (51).

FIGURES 52 – 53. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula of male: 52, labium; 53, maxilla (left, ventral). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (52); 0.2 mm (53).

FIGURES 54 – 57. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula of male: 54, mandible (right, dorsal view); 55, mentum; 56, labrum; 57, epipharynx (labrum, adoral view). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (54 – 57).

FIGURES 58 – 64. Terminalia of Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula: 58, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 59, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 60, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 61, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 62, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 63, ditto, parameral view; 64, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (58 – 63); 0.1 mm (64).

FIGURES 65 – 71. Terminalia of Aleochara (Aleochara) lata: 65, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 66, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 67, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 68, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 69, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 70, ditto, parameral view; 71, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (65 – 70); 0.1 mm (71).

FIGURES 72 – 78. Terminalia of Aleochara (Aleochara) parens: 72, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 73, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 74, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 75, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 76, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 77, ditto, parameral view; 78, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (72 – 75); 0.2 mm (76 – 77); 0.1 mm (78).

FIGURES 79 – 85. Terminalia of Aleochara (Aleochara) postica: 79, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 80, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 81, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 82, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 83, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 84, ditto, parameral view; 85, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (79 – 82); 0.2 mm (83 – 84); 0.1 mm (85).

FIGURES 86 – 92. Terminalia of Aleochara (Aleochara) yaeyamensis n. sp.: 86, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 87, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 88, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 89, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 90, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 91, ditto, parameral view; 92, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (86 – 89); 0.2 mm (90 – 91); 0.1 mm (92).

FIGURES 107 – 119. Type materials of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 107, syntype of Aleochara coreana; 108, syntype of A. lewisia; 109, ditto, re-mounted; 110, lectotype of A. discoidea; 111, lectotype of A. parens; 112, paralectotypes of A. parens; 113, holotype of A. postica; 114, lectotype of A. claviger; 115, syntype of A. nitouensis; 116, ditto; 117 – 118, lectotype of A. niponensis; 119, holotype of A. kochi. Deposited in BMNH: 107 – 114, 117 – 118. Deposited in FMNH: 115 – 116, 119.

FIGURES 121 – 122. Collecting localities of Aleochara (Aleochara) spp. in Japan, based on the specimens examined in this study: 121, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 122, A. (A.) curtula.

FIGURES 123 – 124. Collecting localities of Aleochara (Aleochara) spp. in Japan, based on the specimens examined in this study: 123, Aleochara (Aleochara) lata; 124, A. (A.) parens.

FIGURES 125 – 126. Collecting localities of Aleochara (Aleochara) spp. in Japan, based on the specimens examined in this study: 125, Aleochara (Aleochara) postica; 126, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp. (arrow).