Aleochara (Aleochara) lata Gravenhorst, 1802

Yamamoto, Shûhei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), Zootaxa 4101 (1), pp. 1-68 : 31-34

Aleochara (Aleochara) lata Gravenhorst, 1802

( Figs 3 , 12 , 21 , 30 , 39 , 65–71 , 123 )

Aleochara lata Gravenhorst, 1802: 186 (original description; type locality: America septentrionalis); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 777 [as subgenus Aleochara (s. str.); catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae ]; Klimaszewski, 1984: 71 (as subgenus Aleochara ; in key to North American species of subgenus Aleochara ), 78 (redescription); Welch, 1997: 10 (as subgenus Aleochara ; list of British species of Aleochara ), 16 (in key to British species of genus Aleochara ); Ahn et al., 2000: 246 (as subgenus Aleochara ; in key to Korean species of genus Aleochara ); Cho & Ahn, 2001: 30 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Korean species of Silphidae and Staphylinidae ); Paśnik, 2001: 231 (as subgenus Aleochara ; record from North Korea); Smetana, 2004b: 354 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 21 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Canadian and Alaskan species of Aleocharinae ); Park & Ahn, 2010a: 317 (as subgenus Aleochara ; in key to Far-Eastern species of subgenus Aleochara ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 180 [as Aleochara (s. str.); in key to Chinese species of subgenus Aleochara ], 196 (redescription); Shibata et al., 2013: 105 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Japanese species of Staphylinidae ); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (without subgeneric assignment; redescription; book of Canadian Staphylinidae ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae ).

Aleochara lata chinensis Bernhauer, 1933: 48 (original description; type locality: China); Smetana, 2004b: 354 (as synonym of A. lata ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 196 (as synonym of A. lata ).

Aleochara chinensis Bernhauer ; Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. lata ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. lata ).

See Klimaszewski (1984) for further references, especially those before Klimaszewski (1984).

Non-type material. JAPAN: [HOKKAIDÔ]: 1 unsexed, Ponyu, Rubeshibe-chô, Kitami-shi, 9.viii.1918, M. Suzuki leg. ( ELKU); 1 unsexed, Kawayu-onsen, Teshikaga-chô, 26.vi.2000, A. & R. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Akkeshi-chô, 4.viii.1962, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, right bank of Nukabira-ko Lake (meeting point of Gono-sawa Stream), Kamishihoro-chô, 9.v.2005, K. Haga leg., from canned saury (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kottaroshitsugen Moor (in Kushiro-shitsugen Moor), Kushiro-shi, 9.vi.1992, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kushiroshi Zoo (in Yamahana-kôen Park), Kushiro-shi, 9.vi.1992, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 16.v.1987, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 9.viii.1987, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 5 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 3.ix.1987, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 12.ix.1991, M. Ôhara leg. ( OCM); 3 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 1.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 male, 7 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 9.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 2 females, 15 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 15.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 21.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 28.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 female, 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 4.vi.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 18.vi.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 11.vii.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 male, 5 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 14.viii.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 4 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 21.viii.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Miyatsu, Okushiri-chô (Okushiri-tô Is.), 3.ix.1986, Y. Kusui leg. (cTI); [HONSHÛ]: 1 unsexed, trailhead of Mt. Mitsuiwadake (right side of Kurohinoki-zawa Stream), Minamiaizu-machi, Fukushima-ken, 13–14.vii.1996, K. Haga leg., from acetic acid trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Miike, Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 15.vi.1986, A. Yamato leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 15.vi.1986, A. Yamato leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mokkodaira, Nikkô-shi, Tochigi-ken, 29.iv.1985, M. Yamamoto leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, near Marunuma, Katashina-mura, Gunma-ken, 1–5.vii.1962, S. Tachikawa leg. (KUM); 1 male, 3 unsexed, near Nidoage-tôge Pass, Gunma-ken, 21.viii.1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Arima-yama, Hannô-shi, Saitama-ken, 8.v.2004, K. Arai leg., alt. 1200m (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ôyama-sawa, Nakatsugawa-keikoku, Chichibu-shi, Saitama-ken, 30.v.1999, K. Toyoda leg., alt. 144m (KUM); 1 male, Mt. Takao-san, Hachiôji-shi, Tôkyô-to, 11.v.1957, Y. Kurosawa leg., NSMT-I-C 0 5610 ( NSMT); 1 male, 1 unsexed, near Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 7.iv.1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, near Kurokura-gawa River, Kanagawa-ken, 21.ix.1993, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Sakata, Miimachi, Wajima-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 16–17.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 3 unsexed, Masutomi-onsen, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 9–10.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg., alt. 1200m, from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Maruno-machi, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 24.v.1991, K. Hosoda leg. (cTI); 1 male, 1 female, Takizawa-rindô forestry road, Fujiyoshida-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 27.vi–4.vii.2012, T. Watanabe leg., alt.

1800m, from baited trap (fish meal) (cTW); 1 unsexed, Mt. Iwasuge-yama, Yamanouchi-machi, Nagano-ken, 17.vi.1961, Y. Ikutani leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Chôna-dani, Shirakawa-mura, Gifu-ken, 25–26.v.1999, J. Ogawa leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Nishihotaka-guchi, Takayama-shi, Gifu-ken, 11.vi.1980, no collector’s name (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mts. Amagi-san, Shizuoka-ken, 16.vii.1955, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kibune, Sakyô-ku, Kyôto-shi, Kyôto-fu, 29.iv.1959, T. Shibata leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 14.v.1979, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 14.v.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Santô-chô, Asago-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 5.viii.2007, Y. Kawakami leg., from baited trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, dormitory of Kobe University, Akatsukayama, Higashinada-ku, Kôbe-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 20.x.1971, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Akazai-keikoku, Shisou-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 12.v.1979, Y. Hayashi (cYH); 1 unsexed, Shinrin-kôen Park [Katsurami, Tottori-shi], Tottori-ken, 18.vi.1978, M. Kaneda leg. (KUM); [SHIKOKU]: 1 unsexed, Mt. Kôtsu-san, Yoshinogawa-shi, Tokushima-ken, 5.vi.1999, K. Aita leg. (EUM); 10 unsexed, Mt. Tsurugi-san, Minokoshi, Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 5.vi–3.vii.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1350m, from fowl trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Daisen-zan, Kotonami-chô, Kagawa-ken, 18.v.2003, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Wakimizu, Kamibayshi, Tôon-shi, Ehime-ken, 10.vii.2006, Y. Satô leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Teppôishi-gawa River (Omogo-kei), Kumakôgen-chô, Ehime-ken, 20.vi.1992, M. Sakai leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Odamiyama, Uchiko-chô, 14.v.1994, L. Li leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Nagano, Yusuhara-chô, Kôchi-ken, 15–16.vii.1994, M. Kawanabe & T. Oyokawa leg., by baited trap (EUM); [KYÛSHÛ]: 1 male, Mt. Tatera-san, Tsushima-shi (Tsu-shima Is.), Nagasaki-ken, 6.v.2009, S. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 2 males, 2 females, 27 unsexed, Mt. Shiratori-yama, Momiki, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamoto-ken, 1–3.v.2010, S. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kujû-san Volcanic Group, Ôita-ken, 16.v.1961, Y. Miyake leg. (cYH).

Old material. JAPAN: 1 unsexed, “ JAPAN / Kobe / Shimabara [HW] / 15. XI. ’14 [HW] / J. E. A. LEWIS // Aleochara [HW] / nigra [HW] / Kr. [HW] // a. nigra [HW] / Kr. [HW] // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977” ( NSMT).

Other material. TAIWAN: 1 female, Roshan, 31.iii.1971, H. Nomura leg. (cYH). This is new record from Taiwan ( Smetana, 2004b; Luo & Zhao, 2012; Schülke & Smetana, 2015).

Reference material. USA: MI: 1 male, Ann Arbor, Washtenaw Co., 5.v.1934, F. Furry leg. ( A. lata : det. J. Klimaszewski) (male genitalia also examined by SY) ( FMNH); IL: 8 unsexed, near Maple Lake, Willow Springs, Cook Co., 10.iv.1954, L. Woods leg., from carcass of deer after one week ( A. lata : det. J. Klimaszewski) ( FMNH).

Diagnosis. Aleochara lata is a distinct species among the Japanese congeners and can be easily distinguished from all of them as follows: body large-sized, blackish in coloration including base of antennae; dorsal surface glossy, rather deeply punctured; inter coxal process of metaventrite large, broadly and weakly rounded apically; elytra without blackish maculations laterally; abdominal tergite and sternite VIII strongly transverse, with numerous macrosetae; median lobe of male aedeagus narrowly elongate, complex sclerites restricted to apical 1/3 of median lobe, and by; female spermatheca with reticulate basal portion of spermathecal stem. Found in mountainous area of mainland, or adjacent large islands, in Japan.

Redescription. Measurements (in mm, n = 20): BL = 7.40 (6.29–8.51); HL = 1.04 (0.89–1.23); HW = 1.15 (0.96–1.31); PL = 1.43 (1.22–1.67); PW = 2.03 (1.71–2.37); EL = 1.19 (1.00–1.43); EW = 2.40 (1.95–2.75).

Body ( Figs 3 , 12 ): fusiform, robust, large to very large in size; dorsal surface rather strongly glossy, pubescent, without any types of micro-reticulation, rather strongly punctured. Color ( Figs 3 , 12 ): uniformly complete black, including elytra uniformly; antennae with antennomeres I–IV black, antennomeres V–XI slightly lighter than those of I–III due to dense covering of minute whitish setae; mouth parts and legs dark reddish brown to brownish brown; pubescence yellowish brown.

Head ( Fig. 21 ): semicircular, as long as width (HW/HL = 1.11, n = 20), widest at posterior part of eyes; setae on vertex rather dense but inconspicuous, directed anteriomedially; punctation large in size, scattered rather densely; vertex with longitudinal lack of setae at middle, but narrowly small in size. Eyes: medium in length, occupying approximately half length of head, slightly protruding laterally.

Antennae ( Fig. 39 ): short, moderately shorter than head and pronotum combined; thick, setose, with antennomere IV moderately transverse, but antennomeres V to X strongly transverse in approximately same width each (very slightly but widest around antennomeres VI to VIII); antennomere XI symmetrical, widely rounded at apex; approximate relative length of antennomeres from basal to apex: 18 (including base): 9: 10.5: 4.5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 19.

Pronotum ( Fig. 3 ): oval, rather strongly transverse (PW/PL = 1.42, n = 20), strongly narrowing anterad, moderately longer than sutural length of elytra, widest just below of basal half, basal margin weakly rounded; pubescence dense, directed laterally and posterolaterally; punctation medium and somewhat conspicuous, covered densely and uniformly.

Mesoventrite ( Fig. 30 ): inter coxal process rather broadly elongate, with widely rounded apex, completely reaching to inter coxal process of metaventrite.

Metaventrite ( Fig. 30 ): inter coxal process of metaventrite large, broadly and weakly rounded apically.

Elytra ( Fig. 3 ): together, transverse (EW/EL = 2.02, n = 20), rather small, slightly smaller than pronotum, widest at middle; fine pubescence scattered densely, diverging posteriorly in each elytron; dorsal surface rough and impressed rather strongly and deeply; posterolateral corners of each elytron not sinuate.

Legs ( Fig. 3 ): simple, short, moderately slender; fore and midtibia, densely covered with undeveloped spines, respectively.

Abdomen ( Fig. 3 ): first three visible tergites deeply impressed transversely at base; dorsal and ventral surface moderately covered with thin and long setae.

Male: tergite VIII ( Fig. 65 ): broadly transverse, posterior margin smooth, not serrate at all, insignificantly broadly emarginate medially; dorsal surface very weakly rough, covered densely with setae, with approximately 16 macrosetae. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 67 ): broadly transverse, posterior margin very broadly rounded, with a dense row of minute sensory setae (see Yamamoto & Maruyama, 2012: 10), and with a small complex-cluster of very minute setae just behind the row of minute setae; ventral surface densely covered with setae, with over 20 macrosetae. Median lobe of aedeagus ( Figs 69–70 ): [lateral view ( Fig. 69 )]: robust, narrowly elongate, subparallel sided, but rather strongly narrowing apically at apical 1/4 of median lobe; apical lobe pointed, not hook- shaped at apex; [parameral view ( Fig. 70 )]: narrowly elongate, with basal part elliptically shaped; apical lobe abruptly narrowing near apex, forming short isosceles triangle; a series of complex sclerites, restricted to apical 1/3 of median lobe.

Female: tergite VIII ( Fig. 66 ): broadly transverse, posterior margin as in male; dorsal surface covered with setae densely, with approximately 14 macrosetae. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 68 ): posterior margin, shallowly broadly emarginate medially; ventral surface densely covered with setae, with approximately 15 macrosetae; no complexcluster of minute setae situated near posterior margin. Spermatheca ( Fig. 71 ): weakly curved, deformed C-shaped; apical invagination of spermatheca moderately deep; spermathecal head and neck weakly elliptically shaped together; attachment of spermathecal duct conspicuous; basal part of spermathecal stem widely curved, swollen in apical half, moderately longer than spermathecal head and neck combined; chitinized portion of spermathecal stem not strongly developed; each part of spermatheca uniformly and weakly sclerotized; inner wall of spermathecal head and neck densely striate, that of basal part reticulate coarsely.

Distribution. Japan (Hokkaidô, Honshû, Shikoku, Kyûshû; Okushiri-tô Is., Tsu-shima Is.); Russia (Far East, eastern Siberia), Korea, China, Taiwan (new record), Palearctic, Nearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical, and Neotropical regions.

Host records. Two dipteran families are known as its host ( Maus et al., 1998): Muscidae , Calliphoridae .

Comments. Aleochara lata is a rather rare species of Aleochara found in mountainous regions of Japan. This Holarctic species has a conspicuously large body. No specimen was found outside mainland Japan except for Okushiri-tô and Tsu-shima Islands ( Fig. 123 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 9. Habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 1, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 2, A. (A.) curtula; 3, A. (A.) lata; 4, A. (A.) parens; 5, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 6, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 7, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 8, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 9, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 10 – 18. Lateral habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa: 10, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 11, A. (A.) curtula; 12, A. (A.) lata; 13, A. (A.) parens; 14, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 15, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 16, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 17, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 18, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 19 – 27. Head of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 19, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 20, A. (A.) curtula; 21, A. (A.) lata; 22, A. (A.) parens; 23, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 24, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 25, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 26, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 27, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 28 – 36. Meso- and metaventrite of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 28, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 29, A. (A.) curtula; 30, A. (A.) lata; 31, A. (A.) parens; 32, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 33, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 34, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 35, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 36, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 37 – 44. Antenna of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (right, dorsal view): 37, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 38, A. (A.) curtula; 39, A. (A.) lata; 40, A. (A.) parens; 41, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 42, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 43, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 44, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 65 – 71. Terminalia of Aleochara (Aleochara) lata: 65, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 66, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 67, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 68, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 69, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 70, ditto, parameral view; 71, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (65 – 70); 0.1 mm (71).

FIGURES 123 – 124. Collecting localities of Aleochara (Aleochara) spp. in Japan, based on the specimens examined in this study: 123, Aleochara (Aleochara) lata; 124, A. (A.) parens.