Perdita wasbaueri Timberlake

Portman, Zachary M., Neff, John L. & Griswold, Terry, 2016, Taxonomic revision of Perdita subgenus Heteroperdita Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), with descriptions of two ant-like males, Zootaxa 4214 (1), pp. 1-97 : 86-88

Perdita wasbaueri Timberlake

Figs. 4 D, 5C, 6G, 7G, 8G, 9H, 23T, 24V, 51B, 54, 57G, 60I –J

Perdita (Heteroperdita) wasbaueri Timberlake, 1960: 126 , ♂♀. Holotype ♀ ( CAS type no. 14753), Mecca , Riverside Co., California, USA.

Diagnosis. Both sexes of P. wasbaueri have the metasoma yellow with dark spots ( Figs. 6 G, 7G), the face completely light below the level of the antennae ( Figs. 8 G, 9H), and the scutellum yellow ( Fig. 5 C). This combination of characters separates it from all other species of Heteroperdita. The female can be further distinguished by having the head much broader than long and the second medial cell absent (e.g. Fig. 4 D). The male can be further distinguished by the very broad head with the eyes strongly convergent below, the propodeum entirely yellow, and the pygidial plate broadly triangular ( Fig. 23 T).

Redescription of female. Length: 2.7 mm. Forewing length: 1.7 mm.

Coloration. Head ( Fig. 9 H) and mesosoma base color black with metallic greenish-bronze luster; clypeus white, yellow on dorsal and lateral margins; supraclypeal mark yellow, large, transverse, filling area between antennal sockets; paraocular mark white below, yellow above, filling lateral area and reaching above antennal socket, extending above and completely encircling eye in thin line (sometimes slightly interrupted at apex); subantennal mark yellow; mandible yellow, tip reddish; labrum white; scape yellow; antenna yellow, more or less brownish dorsally; pronotal collar and pronotal lobe yellow; scutum lined with yellow on lateral margins ( Fig. 5 C); axilla yellow; scutellum yellow ( Fig. 5 C); mesepisternum more or less yellow on dorsal, anterior, and basal margins; metapleuron yellow ( Fig. 54 A); propodeum yellow; ventral surface of mesepisternum entirely yellow; legs yellow except hind distal tarsi sometimes slightly darkened; wing veins transparent tan; metasoma pale yellow with multiple large black spots ( Fig. 7 G); T1 with pair of sublateral spots on anterior and posterior face; T2–T5 with five round spots: one medial spot, two small baso-lateral spots (spots on T2 more transverse), and two apicosublateral spots; T2 fovea dark brown; pygidial plate transparent, slightly darkened apically.

Structure and vestiture. Head broader than long ( Fig. 9 H); face, except for clypeus, supraclypeal area, and frons, covered in dense white pubescence; eyes strongly converging ventrally; facial fovea diverging dorsally, parallel to eye, narrowly oval, extending from 1 OD above level of top of antennal socket 1/2 distance to apex of eye, relatively deeply scored, generally obscured by pubescence; mandible simple; labrum quadrate, 1.5X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, barely protruding apically from face; lateral extension reaching base of mandible; venter of head with abundant inward-facing broadly hooked hairs; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and scutum mostly covered by combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; fore coxa and anterior margin of venter of mesepisternum with abundant, broadly hooked hairs; apex of mid tibia with some short, thick, curved setae; forewing with second medial cell absent; second submarginal cell approaching triangular shape; metasoma suboval, wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 7 G); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea linear, slightly thickened, 1/2 length of T2; pygidial plate very broadly triangular, apex bluntly pointed ( Fig. 24 V); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, dense.

Redescription of male. Length: 2.4 mm. Forewing length: 1.5 mm.

Coloration. Head ( Fig. 8 G) and mesosoma base color black with metallic greenish or greenish-bronze luster; clypeus white, yellow on dorsal and lateral margins; supraclypeal mark yellow, large, transverse, filling area between antennal sockets; paraocular mark white below, yellow above, filling lateral area and reaching above antennal socket, extending above and completely encircling eye in thin line; subantennal area yellow; mandible white, tip slightly reddish; labrum white; scape yellow; antenna yellow, more or less brownish dorsally and apically; pronotal collar and pronotal lobe yellow; scutum lined with yellow on lateral margins; axilla yellow; scutellum yellow; mesepisternum more or less yellow dorsally, anteriorly, and basally; metapleuron yellow ( Fig. 54 B); propodeum entirely yellow; ventral surface of mesepisternum yellow; legs yellow except distal hind tarsi sometimes slightly darkened; wing veins transparent tan; metasoma yellowish-white with multiple large black spots ( Fig. 6 G); T1 with pair of sublateral spots on anterior and posterior face; T2–T6 with five spots: two large, prominent apico-sublateral spots, small apicolateral spots that are reduced or absent on apical terga, and small medial spot that is often reduced on basal terga; T2 fovea black; pygidial plate transparent yellow.

Structure and vestiture. Head oval, broader than long ( Fig. 8 G); face, except for clypeus and lower supraclypeal area covered by dense recumbent white pubescence; eyes strongly converging ventrally; mandible simple, extending to far side of labrum in repose; labrum quadrate, 1.5X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, apically protruding less than 1 OD from face; lateral extension reaching base of mandible; head with moderately dense pubescence ventrally; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and scutum mostly covered by combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; hind tibia with sparse, short, slightly thickened hairs; forewing with second submarginal cell nearly triangular; metasoma narrower or equal in width to mesosoma, narrowly oval, slightly wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 6 G); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea narrowly oval, 1/3 length of T2; pygidial plate very broadly triangular, apex obtuse, slightly blunted ( Fig. 23 T); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, sparse.

Terminalia . S8 ( Fig. 57 G) transparent; spiculum very short, bifurcate; lateral apodemes not prominent; apical portion slightly convex; quadrate, sides converging medially before expanding at apex; apex broadly and shallowly emarginate; short hairs ventrally; cuticle not noticeably thinned. Genital capsule as in Figs. 60 I–J. Gonostyli separated dorsally by very narrow V-shape; dorsal lobe reduced, short and squat; ventral lobe diverging slightly with hairs on outer margin; volsella relatively long, extending nearly to level of penis valve; cuspis long, narrow, with pair of subapical spicules, digitus short and broad with single spicule apically; penis valve long, narrow, curving ventrally, bent sharply laterally at apex; endophallus extending slightly beyond penis valve, slightly sclerotized basally.

Floral records. Boraginaceae (28 ♂ 19 ♀): Tiquilia palmeri 1 ♀, T. plicata 28 ♂ 17 ♀, T. sp. 1 ♀, Polygonaceae (9 ♂ 6 ♀): Eriogonum deserticola 9 ♂ 6 ♀.

Phenology. Active from May to October.

Distribution. Sonoran Desert ( Fig. 51 B), USA and likely Mexico. Prefers dune habitats.

Type material examined. Holotype data: ♀, CALIFORNIA: Riverside Co.: Mecca , 25 August 1956, M. Wasbaueri , on Coldenia plicata [= Tiquilia plicata ] ( CAS type no. 14753) . Allotype data: ♂, same data as holotype, except: 20 August 1956 ( UCRC) . Paratype data: 2 ♂ 3 ♀, same data as holotype (1 ♂ 2 ♀ UCRC, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ BBSL) ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data as holotype, except 20 August 1956 (1 ♂ BBSL, 1 ♀ UCRC) .

Additional material examined. Total specimens: 34 ♂ 24 ♀. CALIFORNIA: Imperial Co.: 2 mi W Glamis, Algodones Dunes (32.99388 -115.10388) : 4 ♂ 6 ♀, 25 Jul 1960, R.C. Dickson, Tiquilia plicata ; 3.5 miles NW Glamis, Kipf Road, Algodones Dunes (33.02777 -115.11944) : 1 ♂, 23 Jun 2001, D.C. Hawks; 5.7 mi W Glamis (32.97888 -115.16416) : 3 ♂, 25 Jul 1960, R.C. Dickson, Eriogonum deserticola ; Algodones Dunes; Glamis, 2 km W (32.99491 -115.0885): 8 ♂ 1 ♀, 7 Sep 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. plicata ; E Brawley, 5 mi W Coachella Canal (32.70805 -115.02777) : 4 ♂ 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1960, R.C. Dickson, E. deserticola ; 2 ♂ 5 ♀, 11 Jul 1960, R.C. Dickson, E. deserticola ; Glamis Dunes, 1 mi W Glamis (32.9941 -115.1013) : 1 ♀, 9 Oct 1988, T.L. Griswold; Glamis, 6.4 km W; Osborne Overlook, N; sand dunes (32.98784 -115.13862): 1 ♂, 6 May 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. plicata ; Salton City, 16.6 km SEbyS (33.17593 -115.85359): 1 ♀, 3 May 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. palmeri ; Yuma, 32 km W; sand dunes (32.73256 -114.89861): 5 ♂ 1 ♀, 26 Sep 2013, Z.M. Portman, T. plicata ; Riverside Co.: Mecca (33.572 -116.0734) : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 20 Aug 1956, M. Wasbauer, T. plicata ; 1 ♂, 20 Aug 1956, M.S. Wasbauer, T. plicata ; 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 25 Aug 1956, M. Wasbauer, T. plicata ; San Bernardino Co.: Hwy 62, E Twentynine Palms, 1.5 mi W jct Iron Age Road (34.11388 -115.71027) : 1 ♀, 21 Sep 2003, D. Yanega, T. sp.; 1 ♀, 21 Sep 2003, G.R. Ballmer; Rice, 7.4 mi W (34.1033 -114.9731): 1 ♀, 14 May 2013, G.E. Ballmer; Twentynine Palms, 37.5 km E(34.1042 -115.65593): 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 6 Sep 2012, T.L. Griswold, T. plicata ; 4 ♂ 3 ♀, 6 Sep 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. plicata ; Twentynine Palms, 45 km E (34.08767 -115.58219): 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 6 Sep 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. plicata .

Remarks. Perdita wasbaueri is unique in being one of the more minute Heteroperdita, though one female specimen is almost 4 mm long. It also holds the distinction of being the most extensively yellow-colored Heteroperdita. Wing veins are the most reduced in the subgenus; the female is the only one of similar-colored species that has the second medial cell absent, suggesting that this reduction may have arisen independently in this species. The wing is further reduced in the second submarginal cell, which is practically triangular in some specimens.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Second submedial cell of forewing. (A) Perdita vesca female, present (BBSL 816135; Harney Co., OR). (B) P. prodigiosa female, 2 m-cu vein weakened dorsally (paratype, BBSL 344037; Clark Co., NV). (C) P. bellula female, absent / weakened (BBSL 316794; Clark Co., NV). (D) P. wasbaueri male, absent / weakened (BBSL 842242; Imperial Co., CA).

FIGURE 5. Dorsal views of Heteroperdita. (A) Perdita coldeniae male with broad yellow triangle on the propodeum and the metasoma wider the mesosoma, scale = 0.5 mm (UCRC 277998; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. arenaria male mesosoma with narrow yellow triangle on propodeum, scale = 0.25 mm (BBSLID 95733; Yuma Co., AZ). (C) P. wasbaueri female mesosoma with yellow scutellum and yellow along lateral margins of scutum, scale = 0.25 mm (141836; Imperial Co., AZ).

FIGURE 6. Spotted male metasomas. (A) Perdita arenaria (paratype, UCRC 166022; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. frontalis (BBSL 813851; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. maculosa (BBSL 277846; Clark Co., NV). (D) P. nuttalliae (Paratype, BBSL 816190; Harney Co., OR). (E) P. sycorax (paratype, 37225; Emery Co., UT). (F) P. titania (paratype, UCRC 166000; Imperial Co., CA). (G) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 842195; San Bernardino Co., CA). (H) P. yanegai (paratype, UCRC 166011; Riverside Co., CA). All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Spotted female metasomas. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 813432; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. frontalis (BBSL 813797; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. maculosa (BBSL 638406; Clark Co., NV). (D) P. nuttalliae (paratype, BBSL 816167; Harney Co., OR). (E) P. sycorax (paratype, BBSL 389685; Emery Co., UT). (F) P. titania (paratype, BBSL 342256; San Bernardino Co., CA). (G) P. wasbaueri (141836; Imperial Co., CA). (H) P. yanegai (BBSL 282782; Clark Co., NV). (I) P. bellula with distinct spots (FDP 161540; Riverside Co., CA). All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 8. Spotted male faces. (A) Perdita arenaria (UCRC 166001; Baja California, MEX). (B) P. frontalis (BBSL 813803; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. maculosa (BBSL 277846; Clark Co., NV). (D) P. nuttalliae (paratype, BBSL 816134; Harney Co., OR). (E) P. sycorax (paratype, 37234; Emery Co., UT). (F) P. titania (paratype, UCRC 166000; Imperial Co., CA). (G) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 842195; San Bernardino Co., CA). (H) P. yanegai (paratype, UCRC 166011; Riverside Co., CA). All scale bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 9. Spotted female faces. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 813437; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. frontalis with light marks on frons (BBSL 813822; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. frontalis without light marks on frons (BBSL 813797; Imperial Co., CA). (D) P. maculosa (UCRC 179125; Riverside Co., CA). (E) P. nuttalliae (142005; Box Elder Co., UT). (F) P. sycorax (paratype, 37239; Emery Co., UT). (G) P. titania (paratype, BBSL 326372; San Bernardino Co., CA). (H) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 842199; San Bernardino Co., CA). (I) P. yanegai (BBSL 282782; Clark Co., NV). All scales bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 23. Male pygidial plates. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 814703; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. bellula (103717; San Bernardino Co., CA). (C) P. coldeniae (UCRC 277998; Imperial Co., CA). (D) P. exusta (141888; Clark Co., NV). (E) P. frontalis (BBSL 989204; Imperial Co., CA). (F) P. hippolyta (paratype, BBSL 844677; Culberson Co., TX). (G) P. hooki (note: the pygidial plate is from a dissected specimen and the lateral edges have been artificially enhanced to give a better idea of the lateral edges, paratype, BBSL 852902; Coahuila de Zaragoza, MEX). (H) P. maculosa (BBSL 668379; Clark Co., NV). (I) P. nuttalliae (paratype, BBSL 816190; Harney Co., OR). (J) P. optiva (BBSL 813428; Imperial Co., CA). (K) P. pilonotata (CAVE 17654; Eddy Co., NM). (L) P. prodigiosa (paratype, BBSL 344085; Clark Co., NV). (M) P. rhodogastra (UCRC 277717; Yuma Co., AZ). (N) P. scutellaris (DEVA 55305; San Bernardino Co., CA). (O) P. sexfasciata (141736; San Bernardino Co., CA). (P) P. sycorax (note: the picture is taken at an angle but it still accurately represents the shape the pygidial plate, paratype, 37225; Emery Co., UT). (Q) P. titania (pygidial plate is artificially outlined for better visibility, paratype, UCRC 166000; Imperial Co., CA). (R) P. trifasciata (141767; Chihuahua, MEX). (S) P. vesca (BBSL 816156; Harney Co., OR). (T) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 904842; Imperial Co., CA). (U) P. yanegai (UCRC 50407; Riverside Co., CA). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. All images are at the same scale.

FIGURE 24. Female pygidial plates. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 289244; Clark Co., NV). (B) P. bellula (103744; San Bernardino Co., CA). (C) P. coldeniae (BBSL 813873; Imperial Co., CA). (D) P. desdemona (holotype, BBSL 289742; San Bernardino Co., CA). (E) P. exusta (paratype, 141946; Clark Co., NV). (F) P. frontalis (BBSL 813797; Imperial Co., CA). (G) P. hippolyta (paratype, BBSL 844647; Culberson Co., TX). (H) P. hooki (paratype, 141840; Terrell Co., TX). (I) P. maculosa (UCRC 179125; Riverside Co., CA). (J) P. nuttalliae (142005; Box Elder Co., UT). (K) P. optiva (BBSL 284974; Clark Co., NV). (L) P. pilonotata (neotype, UCRC 182770; Otero Co., NM). (M) P. prodigiosa (paratype, BBSL 319169; Clark Co., NV). (N) P. rhodogastra, pointed (FDP 102612; Maricopa Co., AZ). (O) P. rhodogastra, rounded (BBSL 271674; Clark Co., NV). (P) P. scutellaris (BBSL 904845; Imperial Co., CA). (Q) P. sexfasciata (BBSL 295303; Clark Co., NV). (R) P. sycorax (paratype, 37238; Emery Co., UT). (S) P. titania (holotype, BBSL 326372; San Bernardino Co., CA). (T) P. trifasciata (FDP 75046; Brewster Co., TX). (U) P. vesca (BBSL 339200; Nye Co., NV). (V) P. wasbaueri (141836; Imperial Co., CA). (W) P. yanegai (UCRC 221828; San Bernardino Co., CA). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. All images are at the same scale.

FIGURE 51. Distribution of (A) Perdita titania and (B) P. wasbaueri. Scale bar = 100 km.

FIGURE 54. Perdita wasbaueri (A) female lateral habitus (BBSL 842199; San Bernardino Co., CA), (B) male lateral habitus (BBSL 842195; San Bernardino Co., CA). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 57. Male S 8 in dorsal view. (A) Perdita rhodogastra (BBSL 817823; Clark Co., NV). (B) P. scutellaris (BBSL 328151; San Bernardino Co., CA). (C) P. sexfasciata (BBSL 295263; Clark Co., NV). (D) P. sycorax (2121; Emery Co., UT). (E) P. trifasciata (BBSL 844685; Culberson Co., TX). (F) P. vesca (BBSL 904892; Nye Co., NV). (G) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 842247; Imperial Co., CA). (H) P. yanegai (BBSL 904915; Nye Co., NV). Scale bar = 0.25 mm. All images are at the same scale.

FIGURE 60. Male genital capsules in ventral and dorsal view. (A) Perdita sexfasciata dorsal and (B) ventral (BBSL 295263; Clark Co., NV). (C) P. sycorax dorsal and (D) ventral (2121; Emery Co., UT). (E) P. trifasciata dorsal and (F) ventral (BBSL 844685; Culberson Co., TX). (G) P. vesca dorsal and (H) ventral (BBSL 817575; Washoe Co., NV). (I) P. wasbaueri dorsal and (J) ventral (BBSL 842247; Imperial Co., CA). (K) P. yanegai dorsal and (L) ventral (UCRC 221814; San Bernardino Co., CA). Scale bar = 0.25 mm. All images are at the same scale