Perdita hippolyta Portman & Griswold

Portman, Zachary M., Neff, John L. & Griswold, Terry, 2016, Taxonomic revision of Perdita subgenus Heteroperdita Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), with descriptions of two ant-like males, Zootaxa 4214 (1), pp. 1-97 : 48-50

Perdita hippolyta Portman & Griswold , sp. n.

Figs. 15 C, 16C, 17D, 18C–D, 23F, 24G, 34, 36A, 56F, 58K–L

Perdita (Macroterella) pilonotata Timberlake, 1980: 6 , ♂ only (not ♀ holotype).

Perdita (Heteroperdita) pilonotata (♂ only); Danforth 1996: 691 (change of subgenus).

Diagnosis. Both sexes of P. hippolyta have the metasoma orange-amber ( Figs. 15 C, 16C). Females generally have prominent tan face marks ( Fig. 18 C), but these can be entirely darkened in some specimens ( Fig. 18 D). The female can be recognized by the following combination of characters: face longer than broad, second medial cell present, and paraocular lobe generally lightened. The female is quite similar to P. pilonotata ; see diagnosis of P. pilonotata for additional information. The male of P. hippolyta can be recognized by the following combination of characters: head quadrate ( Fig. 17 D), metasoma broader than mesosoma, face metallic greenish-bronze with tan face marks on clypeus and especially on paraocular lobes, and mandibles distinctly narrowed subapically.

Description of female. Length: 3.2 mm. Forewing length: 1.8 mm.

Coloration. Head ( Figs. 18 C–D) and mesosoma base color black with greenish-bronze metallic luster; clypeus ranging from entirely dark brown ( Fig. 18 D) to entirely tan ( Fig. 18 C); supraclypeal mark tan, transverse, often absent; paraocular area generally dark except for tan spot on paraocular lobe; mandible tan, tip reddish; labrum ranging from dark brown to tan; scape tan, often marked with brown medially; antenna brown dorsally, tan ventrally; pronotal collar dark brown, generally with metallic tints; pronotal lobe with small tan spot, sometimes entirely dark; propodeum sometimes lightened to tan or brown laterally on anterior margin; legs dark brown except more or less lightened to tan on anterior face of fore tibia, joints, and all distal tarsi; wing veins dark brown; metasoma orange-amber ( Fig. 16 C), sometimes darkened on apical segments; T2 fovea dark brown; pygidial plate brown, margins dark.

Structure and vestiture. Head slightly longer than broad ( Figs. 18 C–D); lateral areas covered in dense recumbent white pubescence, sparse pubescence encircling eyes, vertex with sparse erect pubescence; eyes parallel; facial fovea parallel to eye, linear, extending from level of top of antennal socket halfway to apex of eye, lower parts generally obscured by pubescence; mandible with very small sharp preapical tooth (often worn); labrum quadrate, slightly less than 2X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, apically protruding 1 OD from face; lateral extension completely folded over; venter of head with abundant inward-facing broadly hooked hairs; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and margins of scutum sparsely covered with combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; fore coxa and anterior margin of venter of mesepisternum with abundant, broadly hooked hairs; apex of mid tibia with some short, thick, curved setae; forewing with second medial cell present; metasoma suboval, narrow basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 16 C); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea short, linear, slightly thickened, 1/3 length of T2; pygidial plate narrowly triangular, apex bluntly pointed ( Fig. 24 F); hairs of prepygidial fimbria thickened, sparse.

Description of male. Length: 2.4 mm. Forewing length: 1.6 mm.

Coloration. Head ( Fig. 17 D) and mesosoma base color black with greenish metallic luster; clypeus brownishtan; supraclypeal mark tan, transverse, small; paraocular area brown, transverse, lightened to yellow-tan only on paraocular lobe; subantennal area often lightened to tan; mandible tan, tip reddish; labrum tan; scape tan except dark brown medially; antenna dark brown, tan ventrally; pronotal collar brown with slight metallic tints generally with very faint and small tan transverse marks on dorso-posterior margin; pronotal lobe tan or light brown; propodeum lightened to tan or brown laterally on anterior margin; legs dark brown except tan on anterior fore tibia, joints of tibiae and femora, distal tarsi; wing veins dark brown; metasoma uniformly orange-amber ( Fig. 15 C); T2 fovea dark brown; pygidial plate amber.

Structure and vestiture. Head quadrate, broader than long ( Fig. 17 D); face with appressed white pubescence encircling antennal base; eyes parallel or slightly diverging below; mandible simple, expanded medially, constricted and bent subapically ( Fig. 17 D), extending to far side of labrum in repose; labrum quadrate, 1.5X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, moderately convex, apically protruding less than 1 OD from face; lateral extension completely folded over; head with fine, sparse, pubescence ventrally; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and margins of scutum sparsely covered with combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; hind tibia with sparse, very short thickened hairs; metasoma broader than mesosoma, oval, wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 15 C); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea linear, slightly thickened, 1/4 length of T2; pygidial plate broadly triangular, apex broadly rounded ( Fig. 23 F); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, sparse.

Terminalia . S8 ( Fig. 56 G) with spiculum triangular, lateral apodemes prominent, slightly curved towards; apical portion slightly convex, longer than broad, sides roughly parallel below, diverging slightly before strongly converging towards apex; apex narrow, strongly folded over dorsally, folded over portion broadly emarginate medially with two lateral points; short hairs ventrally; cuticle apparently lacking thinned area. Genital capsule as in Figs. 58 K–L. Gonostyli separated dorsally by broad V-shape; dorsal lobe of gonostylus not differentiated; ventral lobe of gonostylus small with few minute hairs on apex, extending below cuspis and well below level of penis valve; volsella short, not reaching level of apex of penis valve; cuspis relatively large, gradually curving dorsally with spicules on dorsal margin of apex; digitus short, near gonostylus, lacking spicules; penis valve long, extending well beyond rest of genitalia, gradually diverging apically and curving ventrally, apex slightly expanded, approaching club-shaped; endophallus not reaching level of apex of penis valve.

Floral records. Boraginaceae (35 ♂ 62 ♀): Tiquilia canescens 6 ♂ 24 ♀, T. hispidissima 17 ♂ 7 ♀, T. sp. 12 ♂ 31 ♀.

Phenology. Active from May to September.

Distribution. Chihuahuan Desert ( Fig. 36 A), USA (and likely Mexico).

Type material. Holotype data: ♂, TEXAS: Culberson Co.: Linda Lake Salt Basin, Along Rd to dune area (31.81346 -105.08996): 22 Aug 2010, T.L. Griswold, Tiquilia sp. ( BBSL, accession no. BBSL 844675 ) . Paratype data: (35 ♂ 27 ♀) NEW MEXICO: Eddy Co.: Longview Spring , 0.7km E (32.1007 -104.6137): 1 ♀, 9 Jun 2010, J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; Main Cave Entrance, 1.9km SSW (32.16147 -104.4494): 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 27 May 2010, J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; Rattlesnake Springs (32.10953 -104.47161): 1 ♂, 19 Jul 2010, J.D. Herndon, H. Ikerd; Seven Rivers, 3 km S (32.5791 -104.4331): 4 ♂ 8 ♀, 16 May 1989, T.L. Griswold, Tiquilia canescens ; Upper Lowe Springs (32.1669 -104.50281): 1 ♂, 18 May 2010, A. Druk, J.D. Herndon, T.L. Griswold ; 1 ♂, 27 Jul 2010, J.D. Herndon; Otero Co.: White Sands National Monument ; Site E 2; ~ 0.18 km SW of Dunes Dr; gypsum dunes; interdune flats (32.7921 -106.2405): 1 ♂, 2–7 Aug 2010, K. Wright ( MSBA) . TEXAS: Culberson Co.: Linda Lake Salt Basin, Along Rd to dune area (31.81346 -105.08996): 9 ♂ 10 ♀, 22 Aug 2010, T.L. Griswold, T. sp. (1 ♂ 1 ♀ at UCRC) ; Pine Spring , 11 mi NW (31.935 -104.723): 1 ♂, 12 Jun 2004, J.L. Neff, T. hispidissima ( CTMI) ; Hudspeth Co.: Salt Flat , 1.5 mi E (31.748 -105.051): 13 ♂ 7 ♀, 14 Jun 2005, J.L. Neff, A. Hook, T. hispidissima (1 ♂ 1 ♀ at each of AMNH, CAS, SEMC, TAMU, USNM; 8 ♂ 2 ♀ at CTMI) ; Winkler Co.: Kermit , 13 mi S (31.665 -103.016): 3 ♂, 15 Jun 2005, J.L. Neff, A. Hook, T. hispidissima ( CTMI) .

Additional material examined. Total specimens: 10 ♂ 41 ♀. NEW MEXICO: Eddy Co.: Cottonwood Springs (32.09573 -104.46763): 1 ♂, 10 Jun 2010, J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; Lowe Ranch (32.1744 -104.4989): 1 ♂, 27 Jul 2010, J.D. Herndon; Main Cave Entrance, 1.9km SSW (32.16147 -104.4494): 1 ♀, 27 May 2010, J.D. Herndon, A. Druk ; 1 ♂, 8 Jul 2010, A. Druk, J.D. Herndon; Rattlesnake Springs (32.10953 -104.47161): 1 ♂, 19 Jul 2010, J.D. Herndon, H. Ikerd; Seven Rivers, 3 km S (32.5791 -104.4331): 2 ♂ 16 ♀, 16 May 1989, T.L. Griswold, Tiquilia canescens ; 1 ♀, 16 May 1989, T.L. Griswold, T. sp.; 1 ♀, 3 Sep 1990, T.L. Griswold, T. sp.; Upper Lowe Springs (32.1669 -104.50281): 1 ♀, 8 Sep 2011, J.D. Herndon ; Otero Co.: White Sands National Monument ; Site E 2; ~ 0.18 km SW of Dunes Dr; gypsum dunes; interdune flats (32.7921 - 106.2405): 2 ♀, 2–7 Aug 2010, K. Wright ; Valencia Co.: Correo (34.95805 -107.17111): 1 ♂, 15 Jun 1956, collector unknown. TEXAS: Culberson Co. : Linda Lake Salt Basin, Along Rd to dune area (31.81346 - 105.08996): 2 ♂ 19 ♀, 22 Aug 2010, T.L. Griswold, T. sp. ; Hudspeth Co.: Indio Mountains Research Station , 25 km S Van Horn (30.77699 -105.01623): 1 ♂, 25 Aug 1992, W.P. Mackay.

Etymology. The name comes from the character in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Treat as a noun in apposition.

Remarks. In his original description of P. pilonotata, Timberlake incorrectly associated the sexes. The name of P. pilonotata is retained by the female, while what was incorrectly ascribed as the male is here described as P. hippolyta .

Figures

FIGURE 15. Amber male metasomas. (A) Perdita rhodogastra, typical form (BBSL 817862; Riverside Co., CA). (B) P. rhodogastra, dark with medial bars (paratype, UCRC 185330; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. hippolyta (paratype, BBSL 844677 Culberson Co., TX). (D) P. hooki (paratype, 141837; Terrell Co., TX). (E) P. bellula, cyanided (BBSL 315311; Clark Co., NV). All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 16. Amber female metasomas. (A) Perdita rhodogastra, solid coloration (BBSL 817856; Riverside Co., CA). (B) P. rhodogastra, with vestigial spots (FDP 112655; Maricopa Co., AZ). (C) P. hippolyta (BBSL 844863; Culberson Co., TX). (D) P. hooki (paratype, 141840; Terrell Co., TX). (E) P. pilonotata (BBSL 810333; Chihuahua, MEX). All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 17. Amber male faces. (A) Perdita rhodogastra, Sonoran (BBSL 817852; Riverside Co., CA). (B) P. rhodogastra, Mojave (BBSL 307254; Clark Co., NV). (C) P. rhodogastra, Mojave dark form (BBSL 817150; Mojave Co., AZ). (D) P. hippolyta (paratype, BBSL 844673; Culberson Co., TX). (E) P. hooki (paratype, 141837; Terrell Co., TX). All scale bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 18. Amber female faces. (A) Perdita rhodogastra, Sonoran (paratype, UCRC 185307; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. rhodogastra, Mojave (BBSL 817814; Mojave Co., AZ). (C) P. hippolyta, light form (paratype, BBSL 844647; Culberson Co., TX). (D) P. hippolyta, dark form (paratype, BBSL 347060; Eddy Co., NM). (E) P. hooki (paratype, 141840; Terrell Co., TX). (F) P. pilonotata (neotype, UCRC 182770; Otero Co., NM). All scale bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 23. Male pygidial plates. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 814703; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. bellula (103717; San Bernardino Co., CA). (C) P. coldeniae (UCRC 277998; Imperial Co., CA). (D) P. exusta (141888; Clark Co., NV). (E) P. frontalis (BBSL 989204; Imperial Co., CA). (F) P. hippolyta (paratype, BBSL 844677; Culberson Co., TX). (G) P. hooki (note: the pygidial plate is from a dissected specimen and the lateral edges have been artificially enhanced to give a better idea of the lateral edges, paratype, BBSL 852902; Coahuila de Zaragoza, MEX). (H) P. maculosa (BBSL 668379; Clark Co., NV). (I) P. nuttalliae (paratype, BBSL 816190; Harney Co., OR). (J) P. optiva (BBSL 813428; Imperial Co., CA). (K) P. pilonotata (CAVE 17654; Eddy Co., NM). (L) P. prodigiosa (paratype, BBSL 344085; Clark Co., NV). (M) P. rhodogastra (UCRC 277717; Yuma Co., AZ). (N) P. scutellaris (DEVA 55305; San Bernardino Co., CA). (O) P. sexfasciata (141736; San Bernardino Co., CA). (P) P. sycorax (note: the picture is taken at an angle but it still accurately represents the shape the pygidial plate, paratype, 37225; Emery Co., UT). (Q) P. titania (pygidial plate is artificially outlined for better visibility, paratype, UCRC 166000; Imperial Co., CA). (R) P. trifasciata (141767; Chihuahua, MEX). (S) P. vesca (BBSL 816156; Harney Co., OR). (T) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 904842; Imperial Co., CA). (U) P. yanegai (UCRC 50407; Riverside Co., CA). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. All images are at the same scale.

FIGURE 24. Female pygidial plates. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 289244; Clark Co., NV). (B) P. bellula (103744; San Bernardino Co., CA). (C) P. coldeniae (BBSL 813873; Imperial Co., CA). (D) P. desdemona (holotype, BBSL 289742; San Bernardino Co., CA). (E) P. exusta (paratype, 141946; Clark Co., NV). (F) P. frontalis (BBSL 813797; Imperial Co., CA). (G) P. hippolyta (paratype, BBSL 844647; Culberson Co., TX). (H) P. hooki (paratype, 141840; Terrell Co., TX). (I) P. maculosa (UCRC 179125; Riverside Co., CA). (J) P. nuttalliae (142005; Box Elder Co., UT). (K) P. optiva (BBSL 284974; Clark Co., NV). (L) P. pilonotata (neotype, UCRC 182770; Otero Co., NM). (M) P. prodigiosa (paratype, BBSL 319169; Clark Co., NV). (N) P. rhodogastra, pointed (FDP 102612; Maricopa Co., AZ). (O) P. rhodogastra, rounded (BBSL 271674; Clark Co., NV). (P) P. scutellaris (BBSL 904845; Imperial Co., CA). (Q) P. sexfasciata (BBSL 295303; Clark Co., NV). (R) P. sycorax (paratype, 37238; Emery Co., UT). (S) P. titania (holotype, BBSL 326372; San Bernardino Co., CA). (T) P. trifasciata (FDP 75046; Brewster Co., TX). (U) P. vesca (BBSL 339200; Nye Co., NV). (V) P. wasbaueri (141836; Imperial Co., CA). (W) P. yanegai (UCRC 221828; San Bernardino Co., CA). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. All images are at the same scale.

FIGURE 36. Distribution of (A) Perdita hippolyta and (B) P. hooki. Scale bar = 100 km.

FIGURE 56. Male S 8 in dorsal view. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 814693; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. bellula (BBSL 842486; Riverside Co., CA). (C) P. coldeniae (BBSL 813338; Yuma Co., AZ). (D) P. exusta (BBSL 578345; Clark Co., NV). (E) P. frontalis (BBSL 813814; Imperial Co., CA). (F) P. hippolyta (paratype, CAVE 4578; Eddy Co., NM). (G) P. hooki (paratype, BBSL 852902; Coahuila, MEX). (H) P. maculosa (BBSL 638408; Clark Co., NV). (I) P. nuttalliae (BBSL 816192; Harney Co., OR). (J) P. optiva (BBSL 814695; Imperial Co., CA). (K) P. pilonotata (CAVE 17654; Eddy Co., NM). (L) P. prodigiosa (BBSL 344096; Clark Co., NV). Scale bar = 0.25 mm. All images are at the same scale.

FIGURE 58. Male genital capsules in ventral and dorsal view. (A) Perdita arenaria dorsal and (B) ventral (BBSL 814693; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. bellula dorsal and (D) ventral (BBSL 307306; Clark Co., NV). (E) P. coldeniae dorsal and (F) ventral (BBSL 817844; Riverside Co., CA). (G) P. exusta dorsal and (H) ventral (141875; Clark Co., NV). (I) P. frontalis dorsal and (J) ventral (BBSL 813814; Imperial Co., CA). (K) P. hippolyta dorsal and (L) ventral (paratype, CAVE 4578; Eddy Co., NM). (M) P. hooki dorsal and (N) ventral (paratype, BBSL 852902; Coahuila, MEX). Scale bar = 0.25 mm. All images are at the same scale.