Smenospongia, Wiedenmayer, 1977

Sim, Chung Ja, Lee, Kyung Jin & Kim, Young A, 2016, Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea, Journal of Species Research 5 (1), pp. 31-48 : 32

Key to the species of Korean Smenospongia

(The key is illustrated by Figs. 1-10 and Table 1)

1. Colour in life beige turns to black ···························· 2

- Colour in life yellow or beige turns to dark brown ··· 6

2. Colour turns to black very slowly ·················· S. nigra

- Colour turns to black soon after exposure to air ······ 3

3. Without ladder-like fasciculate primary fibres ········· 4

- Ladder-like fasciculate Primary fibres ····················· 5

4. Primary fibres cored with dense spicules and echinating ··························································· S. spinulosa

- Primary fibres cored with rare spicules and echinating ······························································· S. gageoensis

5. Diameter of ladder like fascicule 500 μm at the surface ····························································· S. scalaris

- Diameter of ladder like fasciculate 850-1000 μm, throughout the sponge ······························· S. duokyeo

6. Yellow in life turns to dark brown ··························· 7

- Gray or beige in life turns to dark brown ·················· 8

7. Regular skeletal structure ······························ S. flavia

- Irregular skeletal structure, rare secondary fibres ······· ································································· S. arbuscula

8. Primary fibres have uncored, no echinating spicules ··· ······························································· S. dokdoensis

- Primary fibres have echinating ································· 9

9. Primary fibres have numerous echinating spine ········· ·································································· S. varispina

- Primary fibres have rare long echinating spine ··········· ··························································· S. wiedenmayeri

Figures

Fig. 1. Smenospongia spinulosa n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome; E, surface skeletal structure; F, closed primary fibres. Scale bars:A=2 cm, C-E=200 μm, F=100μm.

Fig. 2. Smenospongia nigra n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, end of primary fibre; D, surface primary and secondary fibre; E, choanosome secondary fibres enclosed egg ball; F, choanosome skeletal structure; G, base secondary fibres; H, echinating primary fibres. Scale bars:A=3 cm, C-H=200μm.

Fig. 3. Smenospongia flavia n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome skeletal structure; E, closed primary fibre; F, skeletal structure. Scale bars:A=2 cm, C, D=200μm, E=100 μm, F=200μm.

Fig. 4. Smenospongia arbuscula n. sp.A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface primary and secondary fibres; D, choanosome primary fibres; E, primary fibres enclosed egg ball; F, free egg ball. Scale bars:A=2 cm, C, D =200 μm, E=50μm, F=10 μm.

Fig. 5. Smenospongia dokdoensis n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, D, surface skeletal structure; E, choanosome skeletal struc- ture; F, end of primary fibres cored spicules. Scale bars:A=2 cm, C-E=200 μm, F=100μm.

Fig. 6. Smenospongia scalaris n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, surface skeletal structure; E, cho- anosome skeletal structure; F, closed skeletal structure. Scale bars: A=2 cm, C-E=200μm, F=100 μm.

Fig. 7. Smenospongia wiedenmayeri n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface secondary fibres; D, E, choanosomes skeletal structure; F, closed primary fibres. Scale bars:A=3 cm, C-E=200 μm, F=100μm.

Fig. 8. Smenospongia varispina n. sp.A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome skeletal structure; E, F, closed skeletal structure. Scale bars:A=2 cm, C, D=200μm, E, F=100 μm.

Fig. 9. Smenospongia duokyeo n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C and E, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome skeletal struc- ture; F, closed primary fibres. Scale bars:A=2 cm, C-E=200 μm, F=100μm.

Fig. 10. Smenospongia gageoensis n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome skeletal structure; E, closed primary fibres; F, closed secondary fibres. Scale bars:A =1 cm, C, D=200 μm, E, F=100μm.