Cacospongia dokdoensis, Sim & Lee & Kim, 2016
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.12651/JSR.2016.5.1.031 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D987FA-9A64-DB28-33A5-F96FFA17AEA0 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Cacospongia dokdoensis |
| status |
sp. nov. |
12. Cacospongia dokdoensis View in CoL n. sp. ( Fig. 12 View Fig )
Type specimen. Holotype ( NIBRIV0000321376 ), Korea: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Ulleung-gun, Ulleung-eup, Dokdo Island , 10 Oct 2008, SCUBA diving, Depth 15-25 m, deposited in the NIBR.
Description. Thin encrusting, small piece, size up to 3 × 2 × 1 cm. Surface rough with conules. Colour black on surface, brown inside. Texture firm and compressible. Skeleton: Primary fibres, 100-200-300 μm in diameter, cored sands. Secondary fibres 30-50-100 μm in diameter, made large meshes, 730-1,000 μm in diameter.
Etymology. The specific name, dokdoensis , is named after its type locality, Dokdo, Ullreung-gun, Korea.
Remark. This new species is big different with other species in primary fibres. Cored sands are very clear in the fibres. This new species is similar to Cacospongia mollior Schmidt 1862 in skeletal structure but differs in diameter of fibres and colour. Fibres of new species are thicker than that of Schmidt's (1862) specimen which is changed colour black in spirits and air. New species not changed colour.
dIscussIon
Wiedenmyer (1977) marked for genus Smenospongia by aerophobic chemical properties, changed colour, and fibres conspicuously stratified. In addition, our study also focused on the skeletal structures and fibre’s colour changing. All of our new species in Smenospongia changed colour to the black or dark brown either rapidly or slowly. Wiedenmyer’s study also reports that genus Smenospongia turns to black upon collection. We found that the fibre’s color of the Smenospongia turns to black after collection, but it is different from the specimen’s colour change to purple upon collection. The genus Smenospongia is characterized by colours turn to black, the primary and secondary fibres are clearly distinguish- able and are not well developed. Additionally, we found primary fibres of the new species have dark amber to dark brown colour and mostly invisible, but at the end of primary fibres near the surface cored spicules are found. Most of them have echinated spicules.
De Laubenfels (1934, 1954) reported two species in the genus Smenospongia , S. dysodes ( de Laubenfels, 1954) and S. echina ( de Laubenfels, 1934) , which are cored with primary and secondary fibres, but we found that the fibres of Smenospongia echina are not cored with detritus as the type specimen ( U.S. N.M. No. 22315). We consider Smenospongia dysodes need for further studies because their colour is not changed. There have been few details for skeletal structure in reported papers up to now.
The colour of Smenospongia coreana Lee and Sim, 2005 changed very slowly to almost dark brown ( Fig. 13A, B View Fig ). This species is not determined as genus Cacospongia due to its changed colour. Korean Smenospongia species are light cavernous compared with other report- ed species, and have thick mass, partly honeycomb pattern. Several species have unknown egg-like material at the enlarged secondary fibres. Smenospongia arbuscula n. sp. shows the free egg-like material separated from primary fibres in sponges. We examined with Smenospongia aurea (Hyatt, 1875) from Turneff Island at LA County Museum (Tymlax et al., 1985). It consists of crowded primary and secondary fibres, so it is difficult to determine both fibres ( Fig. 13 View Fig C-F). It is significantly different from our specimen. They changed colour from yellow to purple like genera Aplisina and Dictyospongia .
Ten Korean Smenospongia species are from Gageodo Island, and Ulleungdo Island. Of these, seven species are collected from Gageodo Island, and it is showing high diversity of Smenospongia .
The skeleton of the genus Cacospongia is comprised of relatively fine, concentrically laminated, cored primary fibres and uncored secondary fibres. The secondary reticulum is well developed ( Schmidt, 1862). The two new Korean Cacospongia species have distinct cored primary fibres. The skeleton of genus Cacospongia has large meshes. The color in life is black in exterior, and beige in interior. The colour is not changed upon collection. The genus Cacospongia is similar to genus Smenospongia in skeletal structure, but differs in larger mesh and no colour changing.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources ( NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment ( MOE) of Republic of Korea ( NIBR No.201501201). We thank Kathy Omura , collections manager in Marine Biodiversity processing center, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County for preparing Smenospongia specimens from Turneffe Island . We thank Dr. K. Ruetzler, Research Biologist and curator, Dept. of Invertebrate Zoology , Smithsonian In- stitution, National Museum of Natural History, for help to compare with type specimens at MSC .
RefeRences
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Submitted: September 14, 2015 Revised: October 13, 2015 Accepted: February 16, 2016
| NIBR |
National Institute of Biological Resources |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.