Euryrhynchidae Holthuis, 1950

Pachelle, Paulo P. G. & Tavares, Marcos, 2018, The freshwater shrimp family Euryrhynchidae Holthuis, 1950 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) revisited, with a taxonomic revision of the genus Euryrhynchus Miers, 1878, Zootaxa 4380 (1) : 5-9

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4380.1.1
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scientific name	Euryrhynchidae Holthuis, 1950
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Family Euryrhynchidae Holthuis, 1950 View in CoL

Euryrhynchidae Holthuis, 1950a: 2 View in CoL .

Euryrhynchidae—Pereira & García 1995: 131; Martin & Davis 2001: 46, 72; De Grave 2007: 194; Magalhães & Pereira 2007: 112, tabs. 1–4; Bracken et al. 2009: 297, tab. 1, fig. 2; De Grave et al. 2009: 16; Mora-Day et al. 2009: 90; Shibuya et al. 2009: 470; Valência & Campos 2010: 222; De Grave & Fransen 2011: 309; Botello & Alvarez 2013: 775; Kou et al. 2013: 502, tab. 1, figs. 1, 2 (tree); Vogt 2013: 88; De Grave & Goulding 2011: 288, tabs. 1–2; Moscoso 2012: 43; Pimentel & Magalhães 2014: 1302; Ashelby et al. 2015: 4, tab. 1; De Grave et al. 2015: 4, figs. 2, 5; Magalhães et al. 2016: 304; Vogt 2016: 171; Wehrtmann et al. 2016: 271; De Grave et al. 2017: 121; Santos et al. 2018: 23.

Euryrhynchinae Holthuis, 1950a: 2.

Euryrhynchinae—Holthuis 1951: 3; Chace 1954: 323; Holthuis 1955: 43, 76; Holthuis 1959: 100; Holthuis 1966: 6; Powell 1976: 884; Powell 1977: 650; Tiefenbacher 1978: 177, fig. 1 (map); Pereira 1985: 619; Holthuis 1986: 591; Magalhães 1988: 39; Ramos-Porto & Coelho 1990: 108; Pereira 1991: 83; Chace 1992: 71; Bruce 1993: 41; Chace & Bruce 1993: 3; Holthuis 1993: 20, 91, 183; Delgado et al. 1997: 22; Pereira 1997: 2, tabs. 1, 4–6, fig. 1 (map); López & Pereira 1998: 77; García-Dávila & Magalhães 2003: 665; Melo 2003: 320; Vieira 2003: 57; De Grave et al. 2008: 289, tab. 1.

Euryrhychinae—Vieira 2003: 59 [lap. cal.].

Euryrhynchindae—Vieira 2008: 67 [lap. cal.].

Euryrhynchinidae—Pereira 1997: 36; Vieira 2008: 68, tab. 5.1 [lap. cal.].

Euryrhynchynidae—Vieira 2008: 18 [lap. cal.].

Euryrynchidae—Ikomi et al. 2005: tab. 2 [lap. cal.].

Euryrhynchydae—Olomukoro 2009: 310, tabs. 1, 4 [lap. cal.].

Recognition characters. Eyes short, not reaching distal margin of first article of antennular peduncle; peduncle poorly articulated, almost immobile; cornea pigmented, ommatidia hexagonal, ocellar spot (“ocellus”) absent. Rostrum short, triangular in dorsal view, not reaching or slightly overreaching distal margin of cornea. Antennal spine present. Branchiostegal, hepatic and epigastric spines absent. Branchiostegite produced anteriorly, overreaching infraorbital angle. Branchiostegal groove present, poorly delimited. Stylocerite broadly rounded or slightly angular, not produced into lateral spine. First article of antennular peduncle with distolateral margin produced into acute tooth. Upper antennular flagellum with accessory ramus fused to main ramus at base by single article; accessory ramus much shorter and broader than main ramus. Mandible without palp. Maxillipeds with well developed exopods. Third maxilliped without pleurobranch; arthrobranchs varying from 0–2. Pereopods without exopods; second pereopod with 2 teeth on proximal region of each cutting edge, surface of ischium to dactylus finely granulated (except in Euryrhynchus burchelli ); dactyli of third to fifth pereopods biunguiculate. First pleopod of males and females without appendix interna. Uropodal protopodite with lateral process more developed than mesial process, curving mesially towards endopod; both endopod and exopod fringed with long, annulate, plumose setae. Telson broad, not tipping towards distolateral region; distal margin broadly rounded, furnished with long, annulate, plumose setae; dorsal surface with 2 pairs of cuspidate setae; distolateral angle with pair of cuspidate setae, mesial seta about twice as long as lateral seta.

Genera included. Euryrhynchina Powell, 1976 , Euryrhynchoides Powell, 1976 and Euryrhynchus Miers, 1878 .

Distribution. Freshwater habitats in tropical South America ( Euryrhynchus ) and West Africa ( Euryrhynchoides and Euryrhynchina ) ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). South America: Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil ( Tiefenbacher 1978; Pereira 1991; García-Dávila & Magalhães 2003; Valência & Campos 2010). West Africa: Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Cameroon ( Powell 1976; Nwadiaro 1984; De Grave et al. 2017).

Remarks. The euryrhynchid genera are easily distinguishable from one another, not only in rostral morphology, but especially so in respect to the morphology of the male second pleopod. In Euryrhynchina the appendix masculina is individualized (as in the norm in carideans) (see Powell 1976: fig. 7J, K), whereas in Euryrhynchoides and Euryrhynchus an appendix masculina is lacking and the endopod modified into a complex structure (herein termed gonopod), which varies morphologically in both genera. In Euryrhynchoides the gonopod is twisted and longer than the exopod, with an accessory branch on the dorsal region and no discernible appendix interna ( Fig. 5D, E View FIGURE 5 [arrows]). In Euryrhynchus the gonopod is either stout, twisted, and shorter than the exopod ( E. amazoniensis , E. taruman sp. nov. and E. tuyuka sp. nov.) ( Figs. 17B–E View FIGURE 17 , 23 View FIGURE 23 ) or elongated, straight, and longer than the exopod ( E. burchelli , E. pemoni , E. tomasi and E. wrzesniowskii ) ( Fig. 29B, C View FIGURE 29 , 30 View FIGURE 30 ). In Euryrhynchus , both forms of gonopods do have an appendix interna on the mesial margin of the gonopod, but no accessory branch as in Euryrhynchoides .

Several authors have speculated about the origin and evolution of the gonopod in euryrhynchids. Gordon (1935) was the first to describe and illustrate the pleopods of an euryrhynchid ( E. wrzesniowskii ), considering the gonopod as an elongated endopod with a reduced appendix interna but devoid of appendix masculina. Gordon’s (1935) definition of the gonopod was used subsequently by Holthuis (1950a, 1951, 1955). However, the discovery of the genera Euryrhynchina and Euryrhynchoides led Powell (1976) to the conclusion that the gonopod in Euryrhynchus is actually the appendix masculina in an endopod lacking its distal part, but provided with appendix interna. Furthermore, Powell (1976) speculated that the biramous gonopod in Euryrhynchoides is formed by the modification of both endopod and appendix masculina (= accessory branch located dorsally, Fig. 5D, E View FIGURE 5 [arrows]), with the appendix interna lacking. Kensley & Walker (1982) were the first to compare both forms of gonopods in Euryrhynchus , referring to the gonopod of E. amazoniensis as an endopod ( sensu Gordon 1935 ), although mentioning the suggestion of Chace (pers. comm. to Kensley and Walker) that the real endopod of Euryrhynchus was lost and replaced by the appendix masculina, thus supporting, in part, Powell’s (1976) hypothesis. The idea that the gonopod in Euryrhynchus represents a modification of the endopod (instead of a developed appendix masculina) has been accepted by numerous subsequent authors, such as Pereira (1991, 1997), García-Dávila & Magalhães (2003), De Grave (2007) and Valência & Campos (2010). Mistakenly, García-Dávila & Magalhães (2003) refer to the appendix interna on the gonopod of E. amazoniensis as a reduced appendix masculina. De Grave (2007) speculated that the appendix masculina ( sensu Powell 1976 ; herein termed accessory branch) on the gonopod of Euryrhynchoides could be the result of a modification on the appendix interna (individualized on the gonopod of Euryrhynchus ) or even the appendix interna and masculina coalesced. Typically, the appendix masculina carries cuspidate setae distally (cf. Pereira 1997: fig. 34; Powell 1976: fig. 7J, K) and is, as a rule, inserted on the mesial surface of the endopod, thus located between the appendix interna and the endopod. In our perspective the presence of cuspidate setae on the mesial surface of the gonopod in Euryrhynchoides and Euryrhynchus ( Figs. 5D, E View FIGURE 5 , 17B–E View FIGURE 17 , 23 View FIGURE 23 , 29B, C View FIGURE 29 , 30 View FIGURE 30 ) may be regarded as an indication that the gonopod is formed by the coalescenced appendix masculina and endopod. In Euryrhynchoides , the accessory branch on the gonopod was referred as to “appendix masculina” by Powell (1976). We instead use the term “accessory branch”, since it can be recognized neither as an appendix interna nor as an appendix masculina due to the lack of cincinulli and cuspidate setae, respectively, but possessing instead a series of ridges on the apical region ( Fig. 5D, E View FIGURE 5 ).

The branchial formula in Euryrhynchidae is similar among the genera, except for the number of arthrobranchs on the third maxilliped. In Euryrhynchina the third maxilliped has no arthrobranchs; in Euryrhynchoides there are 2 arthrobranchs; and in Euryrhynchus there is only 1 arthrobranch ( Table 1).

The fourth and fifth thoracic sternites in Euryrhynchidae present a transversal carina, whose median region varies in shape. In Euryrhynchoides the carina on the fourth sternite bears a well developed lanceolate median process ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ), whereas the carina on the fifth sternite presents a reduced lobular process ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ). In Euryrhynchina the carinae of both sternites carry a reduced lobular process ( Fig. 3 B, C View FIGURE 3 ), whereas in Euryrhynchus the median process on the carinae of both sternites can be absent or variable in size, ranging from a low to a distinct, acute process (not as strong as in Euryrhynchoides ) ( Figs. 9D–F View FIGURE 9 , 18D, E View FIGURE 18 , 24D, E View FIGURE 24 , 31D, E View FIGURE 31 , 38D, E View FIGURE 38 , 45D, E View FIGURE 45 , 50D, E View FIGURE 50 , 55D, E View FIGURE 55 ).

Taxonomic key for identification of genera and species of Euryrhynchidae View in CoL

1a. Ocular peduncles with distomesial region produced anteriorly, reaching or overreaching distal margin of cornea ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Third maxilliped without arthrobranch. Third to fifth pereopod dactyli without cuspidate setae on dorsal margins ( Fig. 4B, D, E, G View FIGURE4 ). Male second pleopod with endopod spatulate, not modified into gonopod, fringed with plumose setae, appendix masculina present ( Powell, 1976: fig. 7J, K)............................................ 2 [ Euryrhynchina Powell, 1976 View in CoL ]

1b. Ocular peduncles with distomesial region not produced anteriorly, not reaching distal margin of cornea ( Figs. 9A, B View FIGURE 9 , 56 View FIGURE 56 ). Third maxilliped with at least 1 arthrobranch. Third to fifth pereopod dactyli with at least 1 cuspidate seta on dorsal margin ( Fig. 16B, E, F, I View FIGURE 16 ). Male second pleopod with endopod not spatulate, modified into gonopod, fringed with series of cuspidate setae mesially, appendix masculina lacking ( Figs. 5D, E View FIGURE 5 , 17B–E View FIGURE 17 , 23 View FIGURE 23 , 29B, C View FIGURE 29 , 30 View FIGURE 30 )........................................................................................ 3 [ Euryrhynchoides Powell, 1976 View in CoL and Euryrhynchus Miers, 1878 View in CoL ]

2a. Ocular peduncles with distomesial region setose ( Fig. 3 A View FIGURE 3 ). Scaphocerite with lateral tooth greatly overreaching distal margin of blade ( Fig. 3 A View FIGURE 3 ). Third to fifth pereopod merus with cuspidate seta on lateral margin ( Fig. 4 A, C, F View FIGURE4 ). Male second to fifth pleopods with appendix interna........................................... Euryrhynchina edingtonae Powell, 1976 View in CoL

2b. Ocular peduncles with distomesial region non-setose ( De Grave et al. 2017: fig. 1A). Scaphocerite with lateral tooth not reaching distal margin of blade ( De Grave et al. 2017: fig. 1E). Third to fifth pereopod merus without cuspidate seta on lateral margin ( De Grave et al. 2017: fig. 3E, G). Male second to fifth pleopods without appendix interna.................................................................... Euryrhynchina puteola De Grave, Piscart, Tuekam Kayo & Anker, 2017 View in CoL

3a. Rostrum dentate dorsally. Accessory ramus of antennule with aesthetacs present on more than one article ( Fig. 5 A View FIGURE 5 ). Third maxilliped with 2 arthrobranchs. Third and fourth pereopod carpus with cuspidate seta distoventrally ( Fig. 7 A, C View FIGURE 7 ). Male gonopod with accessory branch mesially, appendix interna lacking ( Fig. 5D, E View FIGURE 5 )......... Euryrhynchoides holthuisi Powell, 1976 View in CoL

3b. Rostrum smooth, non-dentate dorsally. Accessory ramus of antennule with aesthetacs restricted to the distal article ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 0D– G, 18H). Third maxilliped with 1 arthrobranch. Third and fourth pereopod carpus without cuspidate seta distoventrally ( Fig. 16 A, D View FIGURE 16 ). Male gonopod without accessory branch mesially, appendix interna present ( Figs. 17B–E View FIGURE 17 , 23F View FIGURE 23 , 29B, C View FIGURE 29 , 30E View FIGURE 30 ).................................................................................... 4 [ Euryrhynchus Miers, 1878 View in CoL ]

4a. Second pereopod merus with distoventral angles unarmed, smooth ( Fig. 14C View FIGURE 14 ). Third pereopod dactylus with 1 cuspidate seta on the dorsal margin, placed on mesial side ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 ). Fourth pereopod propodus usually without cuspidate seta on distodorsal angle ( Fig. 16E, F View FIGURE 16 )................................................................................. 5

4b. Second pereopod merus with 1 or 2 spines on the distoventral angles ( Figs. 25D View FIGURE25 , 34C View FIGURE 34 ). Third pereopod dactylus with pair of cuspidate setae on the dorsal margin ( Fig. 27B View FIGURE 27 ). Fourth pereopod propodus usually with cuspidate seta on distodorsal angle ( Fig. 27D View FIGURE 27 )........................................................................................... 8

5a. Second pereopod carpus with distomesial angle unarmed, smooth ( Fig. 57D View FIGURE 57 ). Fifth pereopod dactylus with 1 cuspidate seta on dorsal margin, placed on lateral side ( Fig. 59G, H View FIGURE 59 ). Male gonopod elongated, straight, overreaching exopod, appendix interna distinct ( Fig. 60B, C, L View FIGURE 60 ). Fourth and fifth pleopods with endopod short, not reaching half length of exopod, appendix interna reaching or overreaching distal margin of endopod ( Fig. 60E, F, J, K View FIGURE 60 )............ Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii Miers, 1878 View in CoL

5b. Second pereopod carpus with spine on the distomesial angle ( Figs. 14C View FIGURE 14 , 20G View FIGURE 20 ). Fifth pereopod dactylus with pair of cuspidate setae on dorsal margin ( Fig. 16I View FIGURE 16 ). Male gonopod stout, twisted, not overreaching exopod, appendix interna inconspicuous ( Fig. 17B–E View FIGURE 17 , 23 View FIGURE 23 ). Fourth and fifth pleopods with endopod long, reaching or overreaching half length of exopod, appendix interna (if present) not reaching distal margin of endopod ( Fig. 17G, H, L, M View FIGURE 17 ).............................................. 6

6a. Appendix interna present on second and third (rarely also fourth) pleopods of both sexes ( Fig. 54B, D, H, I View FIGURE 54 ).......................................................................................... Euryrhynchus tuyuka View in CoL sp. nov.

6b. Appendix interna present only on second pleopod of male, female without appendix interna on pleopods ( Figs. 17 View FIGURE 17 , 23 View FIGURE 23 )... 7

7a. Carapace with pterygostomial region produced anteriorly into acute, triangular tooth ( Figs. 9C View FIGURE 9 , 10 A –C View FIGURE 10 , 18 A, B View FIGURE 18 ). Large individuals with second pereopod carpus stout in dorsal view, up to 2 times as long as wide ( Figs. 14B View FIGURE 14 , 15B View FIGURE 15 ).............................................................................. Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978 View in CoL

7b. Carapace with pterygostomial region rounded or broadly angular, not produced anteriorly ( Figs. 38C View FIGURE 38 , 39C View FIGURE 39 , 41A View FIGURE 41 ). Large individuals with second pereopod carpus elongated in dorsal view, about 2.5 to 3 times as long as wide ( Fig. 40B, E View FIGURE 40 )..................................................................................... Euryrhynchus taruman View in CoL sp. nov.

8a. Second pereopod merus with single spine, placed on the distomesial angle ( Fig. 34C, E View FIGURE 34 ). Third to fifth pleopods of female without appendix interna ( Fig. 37I –K View FIGURE 37 )......................................... Euryrhynchus pemoni Pereira, 1985 View in CoL

8b. Second pereopod merus with pair of spines, one on each distoventral angle ( Figs. 25D View FIGURE25 , 46D View FIGURE 46 ). Third to fifth pleopods of female with appendix interna ( Fig. 29I –K View FIGURE 29 )....................................................................... 9

9a. Second pereopod carpus with spine on the distomesial angle ( Fig. 25D View FIGURE25 ). Second pereopod without fine granules on surface of articles ( Fig. 25 View FIGURE25 ). Fourth sternite of pereon with transversal ridge produced into low, broad lobe medially ( Fig. 24D View FIGURE 24 )............................................................................. Euryrhynchus burchelli Calman, 1907 View in CoL

9b. Second pereopod carpus with distomesial angle unarmed, smooth ( Fig. 46D View FIGURE 46 ). Second pereopod with fine granules at least on surface of carpus and propodus ( Fig. 46 View FIGURE 46 ). Fourth sternite of pereon with transversal ridge produced into prominent, triangular lobe medially ( Fig. 45D View FIGURE 45 ).................................................. Euryrhynchus tomasi De Grave, 2007 View in CoL

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Figures

FIGURE 1. Species of Euryrhynchus Miers, 1878, photographed in aquarium (unknown procedence). (A–C) males of E. amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978, sensu lato; (D) ovigerous female of E. amazoniensis sensu lato; (E) male of E. tomasi De Grave, 2007; (F) male of E. wrzesniowskii Miers, 1878. Photographs kindly provided by Chris Lukhaup (A, D, E), Brian Ma (C) and Joachim Tomas (B, F).

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of the family Euryrhynchidae Holthuis, 1950, illustrating the known geographic distribution of the genera Euryrhynchina Powell, 1976 (yellow circles) and Euryrhynchoides Powell, 1976 (blue circles) in West Africa, and Euryrhynchus Miers, 1878 (green circles) in South America.

FIGURE 3. A–H, Euryrhynchina edingtonae Powell, 1976: male (cl 3.0 mm), Rumokoroshe, Rivers, Nigeria (USNM 171376). (A) Anterior region of the body, dorsal view; (B) Fourth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (C) Fifth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (D) Right second pereopod, lateral view; (E) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (F) Same, carpus and distal regionof merus, mesial view, setaeand granules omitted; (G) Left second pereopod, lateral view; (H)Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view.

FIGURE 5. A–F, Euryrhynchoides holthuisi Powell, 1976: male holotype (cl 10.3 mm), Jong (Taia) River, Sierra Leone (RMCA 53069). (A) Left antennule, main and accessory rami, lateral view; (B) Fourth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (C) Fifth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (D) Left second pleopod, exopod and gonopod (endopod), dorsal (frontal) view; (E) Same, gonopod (endopod), mesial view; (F) Left uropod, lateral process of protopodite, dorsal view.Arrows in D and E indicate the accessory branch.

FIGURE 7. A–F, Euryrhynchoides holthuisi Powell, 1976: male holotype (cl 10.3 mm), Jong (Taia) River, Sierra Leone (RMCA 53069).(A) Left third pereiopod, lateral view; (B) Same, datylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (C) Left fourth pereopod, lateral view; (D) Same, datylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (E) Right fifth pereopod, lateral view; (F) Same, datylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view.

FIGURE 9. A–I, Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978: (A–H) male (cl 7.5 mm), Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 20014); (I) female (cl 5.7 mm), Igarapé Japiina, Amapá, Brazil (MZUSP 21431). (A) Anterior region of the body, dorsal view; (B) Same, eye and part of frontal margin of carapace, setae omitted; (C) same, lateral view; (D) Pereon, fourth to eighth sternites, ventral view; (E) Same, fourth sternite of pereon, median region, vental view; (F) Same, fifth sternite of pereon, median region, vental view; (G) Pleon, lateral view, setae omitted; (H) Same, sixth sternite of pleon, ventral view; (I) Pleon, lateral view, setae omitted.

FIGURE 10. A–C, Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978: (A, F) male holotype (cl 5.0 mm), Ilha do Careiro, southeast of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (ZSM 406/1); (B, G) male (cl 2.5 mm), Igarapé Santa Fé, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 34520); (C) male (cl 8.4 mm), tributary of Rio Mavaca, Amazonas, Brazil (USNM 221874); (D, E, H) male (cl 7.5 mm), Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 20014). (A–C) Anterior region of the body, lateral view; (D) Right antennule, mesial view; (E) Same, ventral view; (F, G) Same, main and accessory rami, ventral view; (H) Right antena, ventral view, setae on scaphoceriteomitted.

FIGURE 14. A–E, Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978: male (cl 7.5 mm), Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 20014).(A) Right second pereopod,lateral view; (B) Same,chela and carpus, dorsal(mesial) view; (C) Same,carpus and distal region of merus, mesial view; (D) Left second pereopod, lateral view; (E) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view.

FIGURE 15. A–E, Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978: (A, B) male (cl 6.3 mm), Igarapé Santa Fé, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 34520); (C, D) male (cl 2.5 mm), same lot as previous specimen; (E) male holotype (cl 5.0 mm), Ilha do Careiro, southeast of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (ZSM 406/1). (A) Right second pereopod, lateral view; (B) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (C) Right second pereopod, lateral view; (D) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (E) Right second pereopod, dorsal (mesial) view, setae and granules omitted.

FIGURE 16. A–J, Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978: male (cl 7.5 mm), Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 20014). (A) Right third pereopod, lateral view; (B) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (C) Same, propodus and dactylus, ventral view;(D) Right fourthpereopod, lateral view; (E) Same, dactylus and distal regionof propodus, lateral view; (F) Same, mesial view; (G) Same, propodus and dactylus, ventral view; (H) Right fifth pereopod, lateral view; (I) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (J) Same, propodus and dactylus, ventral view.

FIGURE 17. A–M, Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978: (A–H) male (cl 7.5 mm), Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 20014); (I–M) female (cl 5.7 mm) Igarapé Japiina, near Porto Grande, Amapá, Brazil (MZUSP 21431). (A) Right first pleopod, ventral view; (B) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (C) Same, gonopod (endopod) and exopod, dorsal view; (D) Same, lateral view; (E) Same, mesial view; (F) Right third pleopod, ventral view; (G) Right fourth pleopod, ventral view; (H) Right fifth pleopod, ventral view; (I) Right first pleopod, ventral view; (J) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (K) Right third pleopod, ventral view; (L) Right fourth pleopod, ventral view; (M) Right fifth pleopod, ventral view. Distal setae omitted.

FIGURE 18. A–I, Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978: male, Igarapé Tubana, tributary of Rio Jufari, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 34524). (A) Anterior region of the body, lateral view; (B) Same, detail of frontal margin, lateral view; (C) Same, dorsal view; (D) Fourth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (E) Fifth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (F) Sixth and seventh sternites of pereon, median region, ventral view; (G) Right antennule, ventral view; (H) Same, distal article of accessory ramus of upper flagellum,dorso-lateral view; (I) Same, stylocerite, lateral view.

FIGURE 20. A–I, Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978: male, Igarapé Tubana, tributary of Rio Jufari, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 34524). (A) Left first pereopod, chela, dorsal (mesial) view; (B) Same, detail of setae, dorsal (mesial) view; (C) Right second pereopod, dorsal (mesial) view; (D) Same, teeth of chela, dorsal (mesial) view; (E) Same,unguis of dactylus, dorso-ventral view; (F) Same, articulation between chela and carpus, dorsal view; (G) Same, mesial view; (H) Same, ventral view; (I) Same, lateral view.

FIGURE 23. A–G, Euryrhynchus amazoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978: male, Igarapé Tubana, tributary of Rio Jufari, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 34524). (A) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (B) Same, mesial view; (C) Same, dorsal view; (D) Same, detail of apex, dorsal view; (E) Same, detail of median region, mesial view; (F) Same, detail of appendix interna, ventral view; (G) Same, median row of cuspidate setae, ventral view.

FIGURE 24. A–J, Euryrhynchus burchelli Calman, 1907: male (cl 6.0 mm), Sítio São Bento, Roraima, Brazil (MZUSP 34207). (A) Anterior region of the arapace, dorsal view; (B) Same, eyes and frontal margin, dorsal view, setae omitted; (C) Same, lateral view; (D) Fourth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (E) Fifth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (F) Telson, dorsal view, setae omitted; (G) Right antennule, main and accessory rami, ventral view; (H) Right thirdmaxilliped, lateral view; (I) Right first pereopod,lateral view;(J) Right uropod,exopodand lateral process of protopodite, dorsal view, setae omitted.

FIGURE 27. A–F, Euryrhynchus burchelli Calman, 1907: male (cl 6.0 mm), Sítio São Bento, Roraima, Brazil (MZUSP 34207).(A) Right third pereopod,lateral view; (B) Same, dactylus anddistal regionof propodus,lateral view; (C) Right fourth pereopod, lateral view; (D) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (E) Right fifth pereopod, lateral view; (F) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view.

FIGURE 29. A–J, Euryrhynchus burchelli Calman, 1907:(A–F) male (cl 6.0 mm), Sítio São Bento, Roraima, Brazil (MZUSP 34207); (G–K) female (cl 6.0 mm) same lot as previous specimen. (A) Right first pleopod, ventral view; (B) Right second pleopod,ventral view;(C)Same,gonopod (endopod) and exopod, dorsalview; (D)Right third pleopod,ventral view;(E)Right fourth pleopod, ventral view; (F) Right fifth pleopod, ventral view; (G) Right first pleopod, ventral view; (H) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (I) Right third pleopod, ventral view; (J) Right fourth pleopod, ventral view; (K) Right fifth pleopod, ventral view. Plumose setae omitted.

FIGURE 30. A–F, Euryrhynchus burchelli Calman, 1907: male, Igarapé Sabure, left bank of Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 34201). (A) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (B) Same, dorsal view; (C) Same, mesial view; (D)Same, detail of apex, dorsalview; (E)Same, appendix interna,lateral view;(F)Same,rows of cuspidatesetae, dorsal view.

FIGURE 31. A–J, Euryrhynchus pemoni Pereira, 1985: male (cl 5.8 mm), Montagne des Singes, Cayenne, French Guiana (OUMNH.ZC.2013-05-0047). (A) Anterior region of the body, dorsal view; (B) Same, eyes and frontal margin of carapace, setae omitted; (C) Same, lateral view; (D) Fourth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (E) Fifth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (F) Telson, dorsal view, setae omitted; (G) Right antennule, main and accessory rami, ventral view; (H) Right third maxilliped, lateral view; (I) Right first pereopod, lateral view; (J) Right uropod, exopodo and lateral process of protopodite, dorsal view, setae omitted.

FIGURE 34. A–E, Euryrhynchus pemoni Pereira, 1985: (A–C) female paratype (cl 5.3 mm), creek on the La Gran Sabana road, Venezuela (USNM 216242); (D, E) male (cl 5.0 mm), tributary of Kuribrong River, Potaro-Siparuni, Guyana (MZUSP 33666). (A) Left second pereopod, lateral view; (B) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (C) Same, carpus and distal region of merus, mesial view; (D) Right second pereopod, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (E) Same, carpus and distal region of merus, mesial view.

FIGURE 37. A–K, Euryrhynchus pemoni Pereira, 1985: (A–F) male (cl 5.8 mm), Montagne des Singes, Cayenne, French Guiana (OUMNH.ZC.2013-05-0047); (G–K) female paratype (cl 5.3 mm), creek on the La Gran Sabana road, Venezuela (USNM 216242).(A) Right firstpleopod, ventral view; (B) Right second pleopod,ventral view; (C)Same, gonopod (endopod) and exopod, dorsal view; (D) Right third pleopod, ventral view; (E)Right fourth pleopod, ventral view;(F)Right fifth pleopod, ventral view; (G) Right first pleopod, ventral view; (H) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (I) Right third pleopod, ventral view; (J) Right fourth pleopod, ventral view; (K) Right fifth pleopod,ventral view.Plumose setae omitted.

FIGURE 38. A–J, Euryrhynchus taruman sp. nov.: male paratype (cl 6.0 mm), Igarapé Pupunha, Roraima, Brazil (MZUSP 34331). (A) Anterior region of the body, dorsal view; (B) Same, eye and part of frontal margin of carapace, setae omitted; (C) Same, lateral view; (D) Fourth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (E) Fifth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (F) Telson, dorsal view, setae omitted; (G) Right antennule, main and accessory rami, ventral view; (H) Right thirdmaxilliped, lateral view; (I) Right first pereopod,lateral view;(J) Right uropod,exopodand lateral process of protopodite, dorsal view, setae omitted.

FIGURE 39. A–F, Euryrhynchus taruman sp. nov.: (A–E) female (cl 3.8 mm), Rio Pardo village, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil (MZUSP 22767); (F) female paratype (cl 5.1 mm), Igarapé Pupunha, Roraima, Brazil (MZUSP 34331). (A) Anterior regionof the body, dorsalview;(B)Same, eye and part of frontalmargin of carapace,setae omitted; (C)Same,lateral view;(D) Right first pereopod, lateral view; (E, F) Right uropod, exopod and lateral process of protopodite, dorsal view, setae omitted.

FIGURE 40. A–E, Euryrhynchus taruman sp. nov.: male paratype (cl 6.0 mm), Igarapé Pupunha, Roraima, Brazil (MZUSP 34331). (A) Left second pereopod, lateral view; (B) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (C) Right second pereopod, lateral view; (D) Same, carpus and distal region of merus, mesial view,setae and granulesomitted; (E)Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view.

FIGURE 41. A–E, Euryrhynchus taruman sp. nov.: male (cl 3.0 mm), Igarapé Tubana, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 34557). (A) Anterior margin of carapace, right pterygostomial region of carapace, lateral view; (B) Left second pereopod, lateral view; (C) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (D) Right second pereopod, lateral view; (E) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view.

FIGURE 45. A–J, Euryrhynchus tomasi De Grave, 2007: male (cl 5.1 mm), Vilarejo e Balneário Cachoeira Grande, Amapá, Brazil (MZUSP 22766). (A) Anterior region of the body, dorsal view; (B) Same, eye and part of frontal margin of carapace, setae omitted; (C) Same, lateral view; (D) Fourth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (E) Fifth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (F) Telson, dorsal view, setae omitted; (G) Right antennule, main and accessory rami, ventral view; (H) Right third maxilliped, lateral view; (I) Right first pereopod, lateral view; (J) Right uropod, dorsal view, setae omitted.

FIGURE 46. A–E, Euryrhynchus tomasi De Grave, 2007: male (cl 5.1 mm), Vilarejo e Balneário Cachoeira Grande, Amapá, Brazil (MZUSP 22766). (A) Left second pereopod, lateral view; (B) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (C) Right second pereopod,lateral view; (D) Same, carpus and distal region ofmerus, mesial view,setae and granulesomitted; (E) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view.

FIGURE 50. A–J, Euryrhynchus tuyuka sp. nov.: male paratype (cl 5.8 mm), Igarapé Barixia, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 34327).(A) Anterior region of the body, dorsal view; (B) Same, eye and part of frontal margin of carapace, dorsal view, setae omitted; (C) Same, lateral view; (D) Fourth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (E) Fifth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (F) Telson, dorsal view, setae omitted; (G) Right antennule, main and accessory rami, ventral view; (H) Right third maxilliped, lateral view; (I) Right first pereopod, lateral view; (J) Right uropod, exopod and lateral process of protopodite, dorsal view, setae omitted.

FIGURE 54. A–K, Euryrhynchus tuyuka sp. nov.: (A–F) male paratype (cl 5.8 mm), Igarapé Barixia, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 34327); (G–K) female paratype (cl 5.4 mm), same lot as previous specimen. (A) Right first pleopod, ventral view; (B) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (C) Same, gonopod (endopod) and exopod, dorsal view; (D) Right third pleopod, ventral view; (E) Right fourth pleopod, ventral view; (F) Right fifth pleopod, ventral view; (G) Right first pleopod, ventral view; (H) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (I) Right third pleopod, ventral view; (J) Right fourth pleopod, ventral view; (K) Right fifth pleopod, ventral view.Plumose setae omitted.

FIGURE 55. A–J, Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii Miers, 1878: male (cl 5.4 mm), temporary pool in Skull Point, Mazaruni- Potaro district, Guyana (USNM 195308). (A) Anterior region of the body, dorsal view; (B) Same, eyes and frontal margin of carapace, setaeomitted; (C) Same, lateral view; (D)Fourth sternite of pereon,median region, ventral view; (E)Fifth sternite of pereon, median region, ventral view; (F) Telson, dorsal view, setae omitted; (G) Right antennule, main and accessory rami, ventral view; (H) Right third maxilliped, lateral view; (I) Right first pereopod, lateral view; (J) Right uropod, exopod and lateral process of protopodite, setae omitted.

FIGURE 56. A–F, Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii Miers, 1878, variations in the eyes and frontal margin of carapace: (A) male (cl 5.0 mm), Cascades Fourgassier, French Guiana (OUMNH.ZC.2006-21-0001); (B) male (cl 5.3 mm), tributary of Kuribrong River, Potaro-Siparuni, Guyana (MZUSP 26174); (C, D) male (cl 6.0 mm), Lago Jacaré, Rio Trombetas, Pará, Brazil (MZUSP 34211); (E, F) male (cl 6.8 mm), well at l’Hospital Colonial, Cayenne, French Guiana (OUMNH.ZC.2002-15-0001); (G, H) holotype (cl 5.1 mm), well in Cayenne, French Guiana (NHM 79.21).Setae omitted in A–C, E and G.

FIGURE 57. A–E, Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii Miers, 1878: male (cl 5.4 mm), temporary pool in Skull Point, Mazaruni- Potaro district, Guyana (USNM 195308). (A) Left second pereopod, lateral view; (B) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (C) Right second pereopod, lateral view; (D) Same, carpus and distal region of merus, mesial view, setae and granules omitted; (E) Same, chela andcarpus, dorsal (mesial) view.

FIGURE 59. A–G, Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii Miers, 1878: male (cl 5.4 mm), temporary pool in Skull Point, Mazaruni- Potaro district, Guyana (USNM 195308). (A) Right third pereopod, lateral view; (B) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (C) Right fourth pereopod, lateral view; (D) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (E) Same, mesial view; (F) Right fifth pereopod, lateral view; (G) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (H) Same, mesial view.

FIGURE 60. A–L, Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii Miers, 1878: (A–F) male (cl 5.4 mm) temporary pool in Skull Point, Mazaruni-Potaro district, Guyana (USNM 195308); (G–K) female(cl 5.0 mm), same lot as previous specimen; (L)male (cl 5.3 mm), tributary of Kuribrong River, Potaro-Siparuni, Guyana (MZUSP 26174).(A) Right first pleopod, ventral view; (B) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (C) Same, gonopod (endopod) and exopod, dorsal view; (D) Right third pleopod, ventral view; (E) Right fourth pleopod, ventral view; (F) Right fifth pleopod, ventral view; (G) Right first pleopod, ventral view; (H) Right second pleopod, ventral view; (I) Right third pleopod, ventral view; (J) Right fourth pleopod, ventral view; (K) Right fifth pleopod, ventral view; (L) Right second pleopod, gonopod (endopod) and exopod, dorsal view. Plumose setae omitted.

FIGURE4. A–G,Euryrhynchina edingtonaePowell, 1976:male (cl 3.0mm), Rumokoroshe, Rivers,Nigeria (USNM 171376). (A) Right third pereopod, lateral view; (B) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (C) Right fourth pereopod, lateral view; (D) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view; (E) Same, mesial view; (F) Right fifth pereopod, lateral view; (G) Same, dactylus and distal region of propodus, lateral view.

FIGURE25. Euryrhynchus burchelli Calman, 1907:male (cl 6.0 mm), Sítio São Bento, Roraima, Brazil (MZUSP 34207). (A) Left second pereopod,lateral view; (B) Same, chela and carpus, dorsal (mesial) view; (C) Right second pereopod, lateral view; (D) Same, carpus and distal region of merus, mesial view, setae omitted; (E) Same, chela andcarpus, dorsal (mesial) view.