Cryptocladocera arnaudi Santis & Alvarez-Garcia, 2020

Santis, Marcelo Domingos De, Alvarez-Garcia, Deivys M. & Pereira, Thalles Platiny Lavin- Scky, 2020, Taxonomic update of the Neotropical genus Cryptocladocera Bezzi, 1923 (Diptera: Tachinidae), with remarks on tachinids with fissicorn antennae, Zootaxa 4755 (3), pp. 531-544 : 535-539

Cryptocladocera arnaudi Santis & Alvarez-Garcia , sp. nov.

( Figs 2 , 3–5 , 6B )

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ Brasil [ Brazil], BA [Bahia state], [Municipality of] Igrapiúna / RESEC [ Ecological Reserve ] Michelin, Pacangê [forest] / Malaise [trap]— 32.ii–28. iv.2013 / Aragão, Menezes & Pereira / col.” [printed white label]; “ Cryptocladocera arnaudi / Santis & Alvarez-Garcia det. 2019” [printed white label]; “Holótipo” [red label] ( MZSP).

PARATYPES: 1 ♂: “ Brasil, BA [Bahia], [Municipality of] Igrapiúna / RESEC [ Ecological Reserve ] Michelin / Pacangê [forest]— Malaise [trap] / 18.xi–16.xii.2012 —Aragão, / Menezes, Mota & Andrade col.” [printed white label]; “ Cryptocladocera arnaudi / Santis & Alvarez-Garcia det. 2019” [printed white label]; “Parátipo” [green label] ( MZSP); 1 ♂: “ Brasil, BA [Bahia], [Municipality of] Igrapiúna / RESEC [ Ecological Reserve ] Michelin / Pancada Grande [forest]—Malaise [trap] / 20.i–24.ii.2013 —Aragão, / Menezes, Mota & Andrade col.” [printed white label]; “ Cryptocladocera arnaudi / Santis & Alvarez-Garcia det. 2019” [printed white label]; “Parátipo” [green label] [terminalia dissected] ( MZFS).

Type locality. Brazil, Bahia state, Municipality of Igrapiúna, Michelin Ecological Reserve, Pacangê forest.

Distribution. Only known from the Michelin Ecological Reserve, Brazil (Bahia state).

Etymology. Cryptocladocera arnaudi sp. nov. is named in honor of Dr. Paul Henri Arnaud Jr., an outstanding dipterologist, Curator Emeritus of Entomology at the California Academy of Sciences, who described several species of Tachinidae . The name is a noun in the genitive case.

Diagnosis. Cryptocladocera arnaudi sp. nov. can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: fronto-orbital plate with gray pruinosity (fronto-orbital plate yellowish to lightly golden pruinose in the other two species), postpedicel entirely blackish to lightly brown, with short branches that do not form a channel-shaped concavity (branches long, upcurved, forming a channel-shaped concavity in the other two species), femora yellowish with distal third blackish (femora entirely dark brown to blackish in the other two species), outer margin of cerci entirely curved (truncated margin in the dorsal region in the other two species) and with pointed apex in lateral view, surstylus broad and convex in posterior view, but ovoid with apex slightly acute in profile (surstylus with rounded or subparallel margins in the other two species), epiphallus shorter than postgonite, acrophallus long, tube-shaped.

Description. Holotype male. Body length: 7.0 mm (mean= 6.9 mm, range: 6.7–7.0 mm, n = 3). Wing length: 5.8 mm (mean = 6.1, range: 5.8–6.7 mm, n = 3).

Coloration ( Figs 3 , 6B ). Head with gray pruinosity. Frontal vitta dark brown to blackish. Ocellar triangle and surrounding area with very weak golden pruinosity. Antenna dark brown to blackish, except postpedicel yellowish brown at base and with brownish pubescence, and arista with distal half of thickened part brown. Palpus yellowishbrown, blackish basally. Prementum dark brown. Thorax black, with sparsely golden pruinosity dorsally and with gray pruinosity laterally. Four dorsal stripes, more visible in posterodorsal view: one between the acrostichal and dorsocentral setae, extending to level of second dorsocentral postsutural seta, the other between the dorsocentral and intra-alar setae, extending to level of third dorsocentral postsutural seta. Wings entirely smoked, with brown veins; tegula and basicosta black. Calypters pale brown. Legs yellowish in general: coxa yellowish-brown to pale brown with gray pruinosity, femora yellowish with distal third blackish, tibiae yellowish with basal and distal areas blackish, tarsi blackish. Abdomen concolorous with thorax, gray pruinosity more conspicuous on anterior half of abdominal tergites.

Head ( Figs 3 C–D, 6B). Dichoptic. Eyes with scattered short hairs. Ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate setulose. Tubercle with a pair of strong proclinate ocellar setae. Row of 8–9 interdigitate frontal setae arising at level of arista. One proclinate orbital seta and one upper orbital seta. Inner vertical setae parallel. A pair of postocellar setae. One paravertical seta. Row of postocular setae extending to middle of head, followed by brown hairs. Postcranium with pale brown hairs. Parafacial narrowing approximately to one-third of widest part above lower eye margin. Facial ridge entirely setose. Vibrissae strong and distally decussate. One subvibrissal seta. An oblique row of setae on lower margin of gena. Palpus sub-cylindrical and setulose. Labella developed and brown-haired. Antenna inserted considerably above level of middle of eye; scape with a curved row of tiny marginal setulae; pedicel dorsally covered with larger setae, one of which stands out from the others; postpedicel multifissicorn, formed by a stem that bears 9–13 short branches on each side, not forming a channel-shaped concavity; most branches unbranched, but a few bifid with very short bifurcations; stem and branches with long pubescence on anterior surface; stem 7.90 times longer than outer branches and 11.28 times longer than inner branches, outer branches 1.43 times longer than inner branches; arista micro-pubescent, arising at base of stem, third segment long, with approximately basal half slightly thickened and distal half filiform.

Thorax ( Fig. 3 A–B). Acrostichal setae 3+3, with anterior and/or posterior presutural setae about 1/3 length of second presutural seta, and first postsutural seta weaker than the other two (giving the appearance of a 2+3 or 2+2 combination). Dorsocentral setae 3+3, all strong. Intra-alar setae 1+2 (or 1+3, with anterior postsutural about 1/3 length of others). Supra-alar setae 2+2, first presutural about 1/3 length of second presutural, and first postsutural about twice as strong as second one. Postpronotal setae 3, two basal and one anterior, accompanied by other setulae. Notopleural setae 2. Postalar setae 2. Proepisternal seta 1, accompanied by one setula. Proepimeral seta 1, accompanied by 1–3 setulae. Katepisternal setae 3. Anepisternal setae 5–6. Anepimeral seta 1, accompanied by a small tuft of setulae. Meral setae 5–6. Prosternum with setae along its edges. Scutellum with scattered setulae, subapical scutellar setae strong and long, apical scutellar setae long and decussate (about half the size of subapical scutellar setae), and one pair of long basal scutellar setae (approximately of equal length to apical scutellar setae). Wing. Small costal spine present. Vein C ending just before wing apex. Vein M 1 ending at wing margin, at the end of vein C. Bend of vein M rounded. Cell r 4+5 open, length of opening shorter than crossvein r-m. Crossvein dm-cu sinuose. Base of vein R 4+5 with one or two dorsal and ventral setulae. Lower calypter with very tiny pilosity along margin. Legs. Fore coxa with long setae on anterior surface. Fore femur with rows of dorsal, posterodorsal and posteroventral setae. Fore tibia with 2 posteroventral median setae; a row of small anterodorsal setae; 2 dorsal preapical setae; 1 ventral apical seta. Mid coxa with long setae on anterior surface. Mid femur with 2 or 3 setae on posterodorsal distal third; 2 or 3 setae on anterior median region; anterior ventral half with 2 or 3 pairs of setulae. Mid tibia with 1 anteromedian seta; 1 ventromedian seta; 2 posteromedian setae; 2 dorsal preapical setae; 2 ventral apical setae. Hind coxa with setae on inner and outer margins of anterior surface. Hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae; a row of spaced, long anteroventral setulae; basal half with a row of spaced, long posteroventral setulae; 2 setae on posterodorsal distal end. Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal median seta preceded by 3 smaller setae; 1 or 2 posterodorsal median setae; 2 anteroventral median setae; 2 dorsal preapical setae; 2 ventral apical setae.

Abdomen ( Fig. 3 A–B). Cylindrical. Middorsal depression of syntergite 1+2 extending to about 2/3 of length of segment. Syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3 with one lateral marginal seta and a pair of median marginal setae. Tergites 4 and 5 with a row of marginal setae. Sternites covered by tergites. Terminalia ( Figs 4–5 ). Sternite 5 with a transversal membranous band, lobes well developed, bearing setae on inner surface; sensilla trichodea absent. Sternite 6 asymmetrical. Tergite 6 undivided, narrow band-shaped, separated from syntergosternite 7+8 by some posterior setulae, and about 1/3 width of syntergosternite 7+8. Syntergosternite 7+8 broad and setulose. Ejaculatory apodeme small, with anterior region very narrow and enlarging posteriorly. Epandrium broad in posterior view, setulose, and closed dorsally. Anterior epandrial process well developed. Hypandrial arm long, hypandrial apodeme clearly distinguishable but very small, with central plate broad, forming an invaginated center. Cerci not fused, broad basally, and distally tapered in posterior view; posterior margin entirely curved, with pointed apex, broad basally, in lateral view. Surstylus broad, not fused with epandrium, convex, and setulose; ovoid, dilated medially, in lateral view. Bacilliform sclerite rod-like. Phallic guide well developed, reaching almost basal end of basiphallus. Epiphallus present, shorter than postgonite. Pregonite stick-shaped, setulose basally, narrowing distally up to basal portion of distiphallus. Postgonite narrow, not fused, but articulated anteriorly with pregonite; with setulae. Basiphallus attached to distiphallus by sclerotized dorsal connection. Basiphallus elongate, with extension of dorsal sclerite longer than postgonite. Distiphallus with dorsal sclerite extension fused with middle bar; distally with lateral ventral zone membranous, with microtrichia. Acrophallus long, tube-shaped.

Female. Unknown.

Biology. Unknown.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Known distribution of Cryptocladocera species.

FIGURE 3. Cryptocladocera arnaudi sp. nov. (♂, holotype). A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus. C. Head, frontal view. D. Head, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Male terminalia of Cryptocladocera arnaudi sp. nov. (paratype) A. Sternite 5, ventral view. B. Tergite 6 and syntergosternite 7+8, posterior view. C. Sternite 6. D. Epandrium, cerci and surstylus, lateral view. E. Epandrium, cerci and surstylus, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc = cercus; epand = epandrium; st = sternite; sur = surstylus; syntgst = syntergosternite; tg = tergite.

FIGURE 5. Male terminalia of Cryptocladocera arnaudi sp. nov. (paratype) A. Hypandrium, phallapodeme, basiphallus, epiphallus, distiphallus, pregonite and postgonite, lateral view. B. Bacilliform sclerite, hypandrium, phallapodeme, basiphallus, distiphallus, pregonite and postgonite, lateral view; epiphallus and postgonites, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: bac scl = bacilliform sclerite; basph = basiphallus; distph = distiphallus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; epiph = epiphallus; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; ph gd = phallic guide; phapod = phallapodeme; pregt = pregonite.

FIGURE 6. Types of fissicorn antennae in Tachinidae, frontal view. A. Cerotachina elegantula Arnaud (♂, Chapada dos Gui- marães, Mato Grosso, Brazil, MZSP). B. Cryptocladocera arnaudi sp. nov. (holotype ♂) (Igrapiúna, Bahia, Brazil, MZSP). C. Phytomyptera sp. 1 (♂, Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil, MZSP). D. Dichocera orientalis (Coquillett) (♂, Silver Lake, Ontario, Canada, CNC). E. Phytomyptera sp. 2 (♂, Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, MZSP). F. Talarocera nigripennis (Wiedemann) (♂, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, MZSP). G. Talarocera nigripennis (Wiedemann) (♀, Vianópolis, Goiás, Brazil, MZSP). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.