Xenohyla Izecksohn, 1996

FAIVOVICH, JULIÁN, HADDAD, CÉLIO F. B., GARCIA, PAULO C. A., FROST, DARREL R., CAMPBELL, JONATHAN A. & WHEELER, WARD C., 2005, Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (294), pp. 1-240 : 98

Xenohyla Izecksohn, 1996

TYPE SPECIES: Hyla truncata Izecksohn, 1959 , by original designation.

DIAGNOSIS: For the purposes of this paper, we consider that the 128 transformations in mitochondrial protein and ribosomal genes autapomorphic of Xenohyla truncata are synapomorphies of this genus. See appendix 5 for a complete list of these molecular syna­ pomorphies. Although species of Xenohyla are very distinctive, we are aware of only three putative morphological synapomorphies: the retention in adults of the scars of the windows of forelimbs emergence (but see Comments below); the presence of a small, transverse process in the urostyle; and frugivorous habits (reported for X. truncata by da Silva et al. [1989] and Izecksohn [1996]; unknown in X. eugenioi ).

COMMENTS: We included a single species of this genus in the analysis, and as such we did not test its monophyly, but consider it very likely on the basis of the evidence noted above and its unique external aspect. Izecksohn (1996) and Caramaschi (1998) noticed that adults of Xenohyla retain scars of the large windows of forelimb emergence that are evident in recently metamorphosed individuals. Each of these scars actually corresponds to a thick pectoral patch of glands that is macroscopically evident upon superficial dissection (Faivovich, personal obs.).

CONTENTS: Two species. Xenohyla eugenioi Caramaschi, 2001 ; Xenohyla truncata (Izecksohn, 1959) .

HYLINI RAFINESQUE, 1815

Hylarinia Rafinesque, 1815. Type genus: Hylaria Rafinesque, 1814 (an unjustified emendation of Hyla Laurenti, 1768 ).

Hylina Gray, 1825. Type genus: Hyla Laurenti, 1768 .

Dryophytae Fitzinger, 1843. Type genus: Dryophytes Fitzinger, 1843 .

Acridina Mivart, 1869. Type genus: Acris Duméril and Bibron, 1841 .

Triprioninae Miranda­Ribeiro, 1926. Type genus: Triprion Cope, 1866 .

DIAGNOSIS: This tribe is diagnosed by 107 transformations in nuclear and mitochondrial protein and ribosomal genes. See appendix 5 for a complete list of these molecular synapomorphies. The only known morphological synapomorphy is the undivided tendon of the m. flexor digitorum brevis superficialis (there are several instances of homoplasy within Hylidae including at least Scinax , Scarthyla 1 Pseudis , and a reversal within Hylini ).

COMMENTS: The tribe Hylini is proposed for the clade of Middle American/Holarctic hylids. It includes Acris , Anotheca , Duellmanohyla , Exerodonta , Hyla , Pseudacris , Ptychohyla , Smilisca (including Pternohyla ), Triprion , and six new genera, Bromeliohyla new gen., Charadrahyla new gen., Ecnomiohyla new gen., Isthmohyla new gen., Megastomatohyla new gen., and Tlalocohyla new gen. Morescalchi (1973) recognized the tribe Hylini in which he included most genera currently placed in Hylinae . Subsequent authors have not used Hylini in the sense that Morescalchi (1973) used it.