Corythalia luctuosa Caporiacco, 1954

Bayer, Steffen, Höfer, Hubert & Metzner, Heiko, 2020, Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini), Zootaxa 4806 (1), pp. 1-144 : 46-49

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4806.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:722DB6C9-2C18-48EB-B202-7F2AFF47F49F
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D88781-FFB8-C164-66AB-FA8061C94FE0
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Corythalia luctuosa Caporiacco, 1954
status

Treatment

Corythalia luctuosa Caporiacco, 1954 View in CoL

Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 4B, 4D View FIGURE 4 , 23 View FIGURE 23 A–E, 24A–C, 58C, 62C, 65D, 68L, 72G, 76G

Corythalia luctuosa Caporiacco 1954: 177 View in CoL , figs 66–66a (description & illustration of ♂). Lectotype ♂ and paralectotype ♂ from FRENCH GUIANA: Saint-Laurent-du Maroni: Charvein, ca. 05°34’N, 53°54’W, about 20 m a.s.l.; R. Benoist leg. 1914–1916, MZLS 655 (lectotype), MNHN [Col. No. unknown] (paralectotype, lost after Ruiz & Brescovit (2008) and after request at MNHN (C. Rollard, pers. comm.), lectotype examined; Ruiz & Brescovit 2008: 491, figs 22–23.

Additional material examined. FRENCH GUIANA: St. Laurent du Maroni: Fracas, La Trinité Nature Reserve (westernmost section), 4°36’2.16”N, 53°24’43.2”W, about 150 m a.s.l., primary forest: 1 ♂, L-2, specimen with smaller opisthosoma & 1 ♀ (sample number: FR-973-00005), C. Courtial, A. Canard, B. Leroy & F. Ysnel leg. Dec. 2010, by beating shrubs & trees, SMNK-ARA 14035 GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂ (L-1, specimen with larger opisthosoma) with exactly the same data as above, GCBUR GoogleMaps . BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus: Road AM-010 km 30, Amazônia Ocidental , polyculture plantations: 1 ♀, H. Höfer leg. 06 June 2001, Winkler sample, SMNK-ARA 17126 .

Diagnosis. Males distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the following characters in combination: embolus (E) subdistally almost as broad as proximally; E slightly longer than width of tegulum, without special structures and distally blunt ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 23A, 23C, 23E View FIGURE 23 , 65D View FIGURE 65 ); diameter of embolus base (EB) circle approximately 2/3 the width of tegulum (T); RTA moderately long (slightly longer than palpal tibia) and with dorsal serration ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 23A, 23C, 23E View FIGURE 23 , 65D View FIGURE 65 ). Females distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the following characters in combination: epigyne with main structures of vulva visible through cuticle of the former in the following way: beneath area of anterior margin of epigyne copulatory ducts (CD), secondary spermathecae (SS) and connective ducts (between the two types of spermathecae) (DST) building up loops being reminiscent of the handle of scissors ( Figs 24A View FIGURE 24 , 72G View FIGURE 72 ); epigynal windows (W) more or less oval with anterior margins uncontinuous ( Figs 24A View FIGURE 24 , 72G View FIGURE 72 ). Diameter of SS not broader than width of central section of copulatory duct, with head of spermatheca located antero-laterally; primary spermatheca longer than broad and longitudinally drop-shaped ( Figs 24B View FIGURE 24 , 76G View FIGURE 76 ).

Description. Male (measurements of lectotype first, those of both other males as range in parentheses): total length 4.7 (5.6–6.0), carapace length 2.3 (2.5–2.6), maximal carapace width 1.7 (1.7–1.9), width of eye rectangle 1.6 (1.7), opisthosoma length 2.2 (2.4–2.7), opisthosoma width 1.5 (1.8–2.0), fovea length 0.28 (0.20). EYES: AME 0.51 (0.53), ALE 0.35 (0.33–0.34), PME 0.08 (0.08–0.09), PLE 0.29 (0.30–0.31), AME–AME 0.03 (0.04– 0.05), AME–ALE 0.06 (0.05), PME–PME 1.34 (1.44–1.45), PME–PLE 0.20 (0.22), ALE–PLE 0.59 (0.66–0.67), PLE–PLE 1.09 (1.14–1.23), clypeus height at AME 0.21 (0.33–0.35), clypeus height at ALE 0.51 (0.52–0.56). Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I 1600 (1500, 1500), II–III 1600 (1600, 1600), IV 1600 (0600, 0600{1600}); patella I–II 1000 (1000, 1000), III–IV 1010 (1010, 1010); tibia I 3003 (2003, 2400), II 3003 (2400, 3004{3003}), III–IV 3133 (3133, 3133); metatarsus I 2014 (2014, 2024), II 2024 (2024, 2024), III 3134 (3134, 3134), IV 4144 (3144, 4144). MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 2.0 (1.9) [0.7 (0.7), 0.3 (0.3), 0.3 (0.2), 0.7 (0.7)], I 3.9 (4.2–4.3) [1.3 (1.3–1.4), 0.7 (0.7), 0.8 (0.9–1.0), 0.7 (0.7–0.8), 0.4 (0.5)], II 4.1 (4.4–4.5) [1.3 (1.4–1.5), 0.7 (0.7), 0.9 (1.0), 0.8 (0.8), 0.4 (0.5)], III 5.4 (5.8–6.0) [1.8 (1.9–2.0), 0.7 (0.8), 1.2 (1.3), 1.2 (1.2–1.3), 0.5 (0.6)], IV 4.7 (5.1) [1.5 (1.6), 0.6 (0.6–0.7), 1.1 (1.1), 1.1 (1.2), 0.5 (0.5–0.6)]. LEG FORMULA: 3421 (3421). COPULATORY ORGAN: embolus (E) moderately long, hose-like and arising point at centro-proximal to prolateral section of embolus base (EB) ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 23A, 23C, 23E View FIGURE 23 , 65D View FIGURE 65 ); EB circle about 2/3 as broad as tegulum ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 23A, 23C, 23E View FIGURE 23 , 65D View FIGURE 65 ). Tegulum (T) slightly narrower than cymbium, sperm duct double-stacked S-shaped, occupying almost 3/4 of T from retrolateral ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 23A, 23C, 23E View FIGURE 23 , 65D View FIGURE 65 ), retrolatero-proximal tegulum lobe (PTL) may not clearly distinguished from residual tegulum, but still recognisable as such. Cymbium in ventral view distally conically converging and at distalmost section truncated ( Fig. 23C View FIGURE 23 ) or broadly rounded ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 23A, 23E View FIGURE 23 , 65D View FIGURE 65 ), in lateral view ( Figs 4D View FIGURE 4 , 23B, 23D View FIGURE 23 , 68L View FIGURE 68 ) slightly truncated or rounded, at distal 1/4 slightly lighter and with scopula ( Figs 4D View FIGURE 4 , 68L View FIGURE 68 ). Palpal tibia short, broader than long ( Figs 4D View FIGURE 4 , 23 View FIGURE 23 A–E, 65D, 68L) and ventral tibial bump short to mediumsized and conical. RTA quite narrow, moderately long and dorsally with serration ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 23A, 23E View FIGURE 23 , 65D View FIGURE 65 ). CO- LOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown ( Fig. 58C View FIGURE 58 ). Legs dark brown to red-brown, except for some articles being lighter (see genus description) ( Fig. 58C View FIGURE 58 ). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, chevron-like patch in central band present ( Fig. 58C View FIGURE 58 ).

Female: total length 6.7, carapace length 2.8, maximal carapace width 1.9, width of eye rectangle 1.7, opisthosoma length 3.0, opisthosoma width 2.2, fovea length 0.19. EYES: AME 0.55, ALE 0.36, PME 0.09, PLE 0.30, AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 1.53, PME–PLE 0.23, ALE–PLE 0.73, PLE–PLE 1.28, clypeus height at AME 0.33, clypeus height at ALE 0.64. Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I 1500, II 1600, III 1500, IV 0500; patella I–II 1000, III–IV 1010; tibia I 2003, II 3004, III 3123, IV 3133; metatarsus I 2014 {2004}, II 2014, III 3134, IV 4144. MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 2.0 [0.7, 0.4, 0.3, 0.6], I 4.2 [1.4, 0.7, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5], II 4.1 [1.4, 0.7, 0.8, 0.7, 0.5], III 5.5 [1.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, 0.5], IV 5.0 [1.5, 0.7, 1.1, 1.2, 0.5]. LEG FORMULA: 3412. COPULATORY ORGAN: epigyne with more or less oval epigynal windows (W), anterior margins of W uncontinuous with distinct gap in longitudinal direction; septum of W moderately broad ( Figs 24A View FIGURE 24 , 72G View FIGURE 72 ); beneath area of anterior margin of epigyne copulatory ducts (CD), secondary spermathecae (SS) and connective ducts (DST) between primary spermathecae (PS) and SS building up loops reminiscent of the handle of scissors; epigynal field slightly broader than long; PS visible through cuticle of W filling almost entire W ( Figs 24A View FIGURE 24 , 72G View FIGURE 72 ). Vulva with elongated, approximately drop-shaped PS being distinctly larger than SS. Head of spermatheca directed antero-laterally on SS ( Figs 24 View FIGURE 24 B–C, 76G). DST narrow, meeting PS medially to postero-medially ( Figs 24B View FIGURE 24 , 76G View FIGURE 76 ). Fertilisation ducts arising antero-centrally (slightly shifted antero-medially) on PS, being bent laterally and covering area of copulatory openings ( Figs 24 View FIGURE 24 B–C, 76G). COLOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown ( Fig. 62C View FIGURE 62 ), light scale hairs quite densely arranged, especially at clypeus (however material examined still quite freshly recorded and in good condition). Legs brown to red-brown, except for some articles being lighter (see genus description) ( Fig. 62C View FIGURE 62 ). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, chevron-like patch in central band present ( Fig. 62C View FIGURE 62 ).

Intraspecific variation of male copulatory organs. In male L-2 ( Fig. 23C View FIGURE 23 ) RTA with narrower angle to longitudinal axis of cymbium than in male L-1 ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 23E View FIGURE 23 ) and lectotype ( Figs 23A View FIGURE 23 , 65D View FIGURE 65 ). Additionally, L-2 ( Figs 23 View FIGURE 23 C–D) and lectotype ( Figs 23 View FIGURE 23 A–B, 65D, 68L) with slightly broader tegulum (in relation to width of cymbium) and slightly shorter palpal tibia (in relation to length of cymbium) than L-1 ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 4D View FIGURE 4 , 23E View FIGURE 23 ). Lectotype with arising point of embolus prolaterally ( Figs 23A View FIGURE 23 , 65D View FIGURE 65 ), in L-1 and L-2 centro-proximally or at most slightly shifted prolaterally ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 23C, 23E View FIGURE 23 ).

Remarks. In the present study we describe the female of this species for the first time. It was matched with the males because it was found at exactly the same locality (spot) where the males were found. Additionally, its somatic characters and general colouration correspond well to those of the males.

Corythalia luctuosa shows a few similarities to C. gasnieri sp. nov. These species share a hose-shaped embolus, a moderately long and serrated RTA and (in part of the specimens) a similar tegulum (bulbous; being almost as broad as cymbium or minimally broader). However, it is difficult to say if these few similarities indicate a closer relationship.

Distribution. Currently known only from St. Laurent du Maroni in French Guiana and Cental Amazonia in Brazil.