Parapercis lutevittata, Liao, Yun-Chih, Cheng, Tun-Yuan & Shao, Kwang-Tsao, 2011

Liao, Yun-Chih, Cheng, Tun-Yuan & Shao, Kwang-Tsao, 2011, Parapercis lutevittata, a new cryptic species of Parapercis (Teleostei: Pinguipedidae), from the western Pacific based on morphological evidence and DNA barcoding, Zootaxa 2867, pp. 32-42 : 33-38

Parapercis lutevittata sp. nov.

New English name: Yellow-striped sandperch. ( Figs. 1 , 2 , 4 A, Table 1)

Parapercis sexfasciata (not of Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) — Shen, 1984:114, pl. 114, fig. 371-1 ( Taiwan); Shen, 1993:487, pl.164, fig. 9 ( Taiwan); Kai et al., 2004:381 –385, fig. 1A (morphotype A) ( Japan).

Parapercis ommatura (not of Jordan & Snyder, 1902)— Prokofiev, 2008:882–884, fig. 4b–d (Nha Trang Bay). Holotype. ASIZP 0 0 71627, 140.9 mm SL, male, Tashi, Ilan County, northeastern Taiwan, commercial bottom trawl, ca. 200 m depth, 6 June 2009.

Paratypes. 14 specimens from Taiwan: Tashi, Ilan County, northeastern Taiwan, commercial bottom trawl, no depth data: ASIZP 0 0 71628, 4 specimens, 103.5–150.4 mm SL, 24 Apr. 2009; ASIZP 0 0 71629, 7 specimens, 123.2–151.3 mm SL, 6 May 2009; ASIZP 0 0 71630, 92.3 mm, 30 June 2009; USNM 398144, 2 specimens, 127.2– 140.2 mm SL, 24 Apr. 2009. Another 10 specimens from Japan: BSKU 0 58458, 136.5 mm SL, 25 Apr. 2002; BSKU 0 64089, 148 mm SL, 16 Apr. 2003; BSKU 0 65030, 124 mm SL, 3 Apr. 2003; BSKU 0 66627, 96.5 mm SL, 23 Oct. 2003; BSKU 0 67610, 117.6 mm SL, 16 Apr. 2003; BSKU 0 70401, 118.7 mm SL, 3 Apr. 2004; BSKU 0 71738, 130.5 mm SL, 8 Mar. 2004; BSKU 0 74193, 135 mm SL, 13 Jan. 2005; BSKU 0 78374, 117 mm SL, 23 Apr. 2006, Tosa Bay, bottom trawl, no depth data; BSKU 0 75967, 101 mm SL, 33˚20.6’N–33˚19.2’N, 133˚35.6’E– 133˚35.0’E otter trawl, R/V Kotaka-maru, St.1-1, 17 Jan. 2005.

Other specimens: ASIZP0054586, 2 specimens, 83–93 mm SL, 9 May, 1971, ASIZP 0 0 60347, 2 specimens, 107–126 mm SL, 10 Jul. 1990, Tungkang, Pintung County, southwestern Taiwan, bottom trawl, no depth data; ASIZP 0 0 55620, 3 specimens, 81–96 mm SL, Kaohsiung, southwestern Taiwan, bottom trawl, no depth data, 8 Aug. 1980. ASIZP 0 0 62350, 3 specimens, 79–133 mm SL, off Xingda Harbor, Kaohsiung County, southwestern Taiwan, commercial bottom trawl, 100m depth, 1 Nov, 2001. ASIZP 0 0 54778, 77 mm SL, Anpin, Tainan County, southwestern Taiwan, bottom trawl, no depth data, 1 Jan. 1976. ASIZP 0 0 61025, 124 mm SL, off Jinshan, Taipei County, northern Taiwan, commercial bottom trawl, 23 Oct. 2000. ASIZP0061222, 2 specimens, 54–120 mm SL, off Jinshan, Taipei County, northern Taiwan, commercial bottom trawl, 100m depth, 23 Oct 2000. ASIZP 0 0 58698, 101 mm SL, Tashi, Ilan County, northeastern Taiwan, commercial bottom trawl, no depth data, 27 Oct. 1997. ASIZP 0 0 61101, 5 specimens, 66–109 mm SL, off Tashi, Ilan County, northeastern Taiwan, commercial bottom trawl, 100m depth, 1 Dec. 2000. ASIZP0061114, 4 specimens, 102–150 mm SL, off Tashi, Ilan County, northeastern Taiwan, commercial bottom trawl, 50 m depth, 1 Dec. 2000. ASIZP 0 0 61526, 135 mm SL, off Tashi, Ilan County, northeastern Taiwan, 100 m depth, 1 Dec, 2000. ASIZP 0 0 66583, 113 mm SL, Nanfangao, Ilan County, northeastern Taiwan, commercial bottom trawl, no depth data, 1 Oct. 2005.

Diagnosis. The new species of Parapercis with dorsal rays IV–VI (mostly V), 23–24; anal rays I, 19–21; pectoral rays 16–17; lateral-line scales 64–70; gill rakers 13–16. Greatest body depth 4.6–5.9 in SL; head length 3.5– 3.9 in SL; orbit diameter 3.0– 3.9 in head length; fifth dorsal spine longest, 3.0– 3.8 in head length; posterior margin of causal fin rounded; pectoral fins 4.2–5.2 in SL; pelvic fins just reaching anus, 4.2–5.6 in SL. Lower jaw projecting; palatine teeth present; vomerine teeth stout; scales on body, abdomen and cheek ctenoid; margin of opercle with a distinct sharp spinemostly single pore on lower margin of anterior preopercle.

With four to five large V-shaped dark-brown transverse bands over the upper side of the body; numerous black dots scattered on and between the V-shaped transverse bands, around pectoral fin, and at pectoral fin base; dorsal fin between the spinous and soft-rayed portion without a prominent notch, membrane between 1–4 spines with prominent black blotch; a dark vertical band below eye; a large deep-brown or black blotch on the pectoral fin base, and a large black spot over the caudal fin base; one irregular diffused longitudinal yellow stripe along the middle body when fresh.

Description. Measurements and counts are as shown in Table 1. Dorsal rays V, 24 (IV–VI, 23–24); anal rays I, 20 (I, 19–21); all dorsal and anal rays branched; pectoral rays 17 (16–17); pelvic fin rays I, 5; caudal rays 15 branched, additional unbranched rays on both upper and lower margin; lateral-line scales 66 (60–69) with 4 (3–6) additional scales on caudal fin base; scales above lateral line to middle of dorsal fin 9; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 19; median predorsal scales 9; circumpeduncular scales 26 (26–30); gill rakers 5+8=13 (5 or 6+ – 10=14–16); pseudobranchial filaments 12 (12 or 13); branchiostegal rays 6; vertebrae 10+22 (rarely 21)=32.

Holotype Paratypes (n=24) P. sexfasciata (nontype, n=27)

ASIZP 0 0 71627

Mean SD Mean SD SL (mm) 135 87.1–138.1 115–158.8

Dosal-fin rays V, 23 IV–VI, 23–24 V, 22–23

Anal-fin rays I, 20 I, 19–21 I, 19–20

Pectoral-fin rays 17 16–17 16–17

Pelvin-fin rays I, 5 I, 5 I, 5

Gill rakers 5+ 8 13–16 14 –16

Lateral-line scales 66+4 64–69 64–70

Vertebrae 10+21 10+ 21–22 10 +22

Head length 27.1 25.3–29.0 27.4 0.8 25.5–28.4 27.0 0.7 Snout length 8.0 7.3–10.3 8.7 0.6 7.5–9.5 8.6 0.6 Orbit diameter 8.0 7.0–9.3 7.9 0.6 6.3–8.1 7.3 0.4 Interobital width 2.6 2.1–3.4 2.9 0.4 2.4–3.9 3.2 0.4 Cheek depth 4.2 3.7–5.3 4.5 0.4 3.5–4.8 4.4 0.3 Upper-jaw length 11.0 9.4–11.5 10.2 2.2 9.6–11.9 10.6 0.7 Greatest body depth 19.9 17.0–21.5 19.5 1.0 17.0–21.8 19.5 1.3 Body depth at anal fin origin 19.6 17.0–20.7 19.1 0.8 17.0–21.7 19.3 1.2 Body width 18.3 17.4–21.2 19.3 1.1 17.3–21.9 19.0 1.2 Caudal-peduncle depth 9.0 8.2–9.3 8.8 0.3 8.4–9.5 8.8 0.4 Caudal-peduncle length 8.5 7.8–9.4 8.9 0.4 8.4–10.1 9.3 0.5 Predorsal length 28.9 27.7–31.6 29.4 1.0 26.2–30.0 28.4 0.8 Preanal length 46.7 42.2–49.3 46.2 1.7 41.0–50.6 46.1 2.0 Prepectoral length 27.9 25.9–29.5 27.7 0.9 25.2–28.9 27.4 0.9 Prepelvic length 25.7 18.6–26.9 24.1 1.6 21.9–28.5 24.3 1.3

continued next page Holotype Paratypes (n=24) P. sexfasciata (nontype, n=27)

ASIZP 0 0 71627

Mean SD Mean SD Dorsal-fin base 67.1 59.0–69.1 66.7 5.6 60.2–69.1 65.2 2.1 First dorsal spine 2.7 2.8–5.2 3.8 0.6 2.6–4.4 3.4 0.4 Fourth dorsal spine 6.8 6.0–9.3 7.5 0.7 5.9–7.6 6.9 0.5 Fifth dorsal spine 7.7 7.5–9.3 7.9 1.7 6.9–8.5 7.6 0.5 Longest dorsal ray 14.3 12.7–17.3 15.2 1.3 12.6–16.5 14.3 1.0 Anal-fin base 45.9 41.5–47.8 46.3 1.7 42.7–50.2 46.8 1.8 Longest anal ray 11.9 9.9–15.0 13.1 1.2 11.2–14.6 12.5 0.9 Caudal-fin length 17.6 17.1–21.2 18.8 1.1 16.0–20.5 18.7 0.9 Pectoral-fin length 20.1 19.2–23.6 22.1 1.0 20.6–24.3 22.2 0.9 Pelvic-fin length 18.7 17.9–22.4 20.2 1.4 8.0–12.4 20.9 1.0 Pelvic-spine length 8.0 7.8–12.4 10.1 1.2 19.3–22.4 10.2 1.0 SD= standard deviation.

Greatest body depth 5.0 (4.6–5.9) in SL; body depth at origin of anal fin 5.1 (4.8–5.9) in SL; body nearly cylindrical anteriorly, width 5.5 (4.7–5.7) in SL; HL 3.7 (3.5–3.9) in SL; ventral part of head, chest, and abdomen slightly convex; snout length 3.4 (2.8–3.6) in HL; orbital diameter 3.4 (3.0–3.9) in HL; interorbital space slightly concave, least width 10.5 (7.7–13.1) in HL; caudal-peduncle depth 3.0 (3.0–3.4) in HL; caudal-peduncle length 3.2 (2.7–3.4) in HL.

Mouth large and oblique, maxilla nearly reaching vertical line from anterior edge of eye, upper-jaw length 2.5 (2.3–3.0) in HL, lower jaw protruding; anterior portion of upper jaw with a row of incurved canine teeth on each side, middle one largest, remaining teeth becoming progressively smaller; behind canines at front of upper jaw, a broad band of villiform teeth gradually narrowing posteriorly to a single row; front of lower jaw with 1–4 incurved canine teeth on each side, following a row of small canines posteriorly on side of lower jaw; a broad dense band of villiform teeth medial to anterior canines, narrowing and ending about 1/3 back in jaw; vomer with 2 or 3 rows of stout conical teeth; lips smooth; tongue with a rounded tip that nearly reaches median vomerine teeth.

Gill membranes free from isthmus with a broad, free fold across. Gill rakers short and spinous. Anterior nostril slightly more than 1/2 distance to edge of upper lip, with a long posterior flap; posterior nostril smaller and dorsoposterior to anterior one, aperture with a slight, nearly circular rim. Pores of cephalic sensory system mostly small, 10 in row from side of upper lip (including 1 large pore in front of anterior nostril), many tiny pores distributed from posterior nostril to entire occipital region and scaleless region in preopercle; from ventral view of head, a line of 10 apparent sensory pores on lower jaw; 11 pores counting from 1st serrated at edge of preopercle to front of chin (not including tiny pores associated with nodular serrated on preopercular margin); usually one 1st pore on end of preopercle from ventral view.

Opercle with a single sharp spine at level of lower margin of eye (when viewed from side); posterior-ventral margin of preopercle serrated, its free edge extending from center of eye to 1/2 distance of predorsal length.

Lateral line continuous, slightly arched over pectoral fin, then gradually declining to 1/2 of dorsal fin length and extending along middle of body to base of caudal fin. Scales ctenoid; body with rather large ctenoid scales; snout, interorbital and anterior predorsal region naked; no scales on dorsal, anal, or pelvic fins; 2 or 3 rows of smaller scales on base of pectoral fins; elongate progressively smaller ctenoid scales extending to 1/3 of caudal fin.

Predorsal length 3.6 (3.4–3.9) in SL; 1st dorsal spine short, 10.2 (5.2–9.5) in HL; 4th dorsal spine longest, 4.0 (3.3–4.1) in HL; 5th dorsal spine 3.5 (3.0–3.8) in HL; 19th and 20th dorsal soft rays longest, 1.9 (1.6–2.2) in HL; origin of anal fin below base of 5th dorsal soft ray, preanal length 2.1 (2.0–2.4) in SL; 1st anal spine 5.7(3.4–6.4) in HL; 16th and 17th anal soft rays longest, 2.3 (1.8–2.7) in HL; caudal fin rounded, length 5.7 (4.7–5.8) in SL; pectoral fins rounded, 9th and 10th rays longest, 5.0 (4.2–5.2) in SL; prepelvic length 3.9 (3.7–4.6) in SL; pelvic fins just reaching anus, 4th soft pelvic ray longest, 5.4 (4.2–5.6) in SL; pelvic spine slender, 3.4 (2.3–3.6) in HL.

Color when fresh based on holotype: body reddish brown on upper part, lower half white with 4 prominent V-shaped black transverse bands and one additional short transverse band under the lateral line on caudal peduncle, numerous black dots scattered on V-shaped transverse bands, between bands and around pectoral fin, and at pectoral fin base; one irregular diffused longitudinal yellow stripe along middle body, below the lateral line, extending from pectoral fin base to caudal fin base; head reddish brown, each side with two yellow strips, one extending from upper lip along nostril to anterior eye, another from middle of upper lip to suborbital eye on cheek, numerous yellow spots on opercle and preopercle, one indistinct vertical dark transverse band extending from suborbital to lower margin of preopercle; dorsal fin membrane transparent with numerous yellow spots, and one prominent black blotch between 1–4 spines, additional 8 dark spots on upper body corresponding to the V-shaped bands along the dorsal fin base; caudal fin with 5–6 vertical yellow stripes on upper 2/3 membrane, lower 1/3 black, one prominent black eye spot on upper caudal fin base; anal fin membrane transparent with numerous yellow strips, outer margin blackish; pectoral fin transparent, reddish brown; pelvic fin membrane gray to blackish ( Fig. 1 ).

Color in alcohol based on holotype: Head and body mostly grayish-brown. Head with one unclear vertical dark transverse band extending from suborbital to lower margin of preopercle Four prominent V-shaped black transverse bands and one additional short transverse band under the lateral line on caudal peduncle; numerous black dots scattered on the V-shaped transverse bands and between bands, around pectoral fin and at pectoral fin base; dorsal fin membrane transparent with numerous yellow spots, with one prominent black blotch between 1–4 spines; additional 8 dark mark on upper body sites corresponding to the V-shaped bands along the dorsal fin base; caudal fin with 5–6 vertical gray stripes on upper 2/3 membrane, lower 1/3 black, one prominent black spot on upper caudal fin base; outer margin of anal fin membrane blackish; pelvic fin membrane gray to blackish ( Fig. 1 ).

Etymology. Lute for yellow and vitta for stripe from Latin, in reference to the longitudinal yellow stripe extending from the pectoral fin base to the caudal fin base on the body of this species.

Distribution. Known from Tosa Bay, southern Japan, and northern and southern Taiwan. It could be also distributed to Vietnam ( Prokofiev, 2008) ( Fig. 2 ). Depth range is from 50 to 100 meters.

Barcode sequence. The 633-bp sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO I or COX I) gene were bidirectionally sequenced for the holotype (ASIZP 0 71627, GenBank accession no. FN677936 ) and 14 paratypes (USNM 398144 and ASIZP 071628 -71630, GenBank accession no. FN677937 -677938, and FN677939 -950, respectively). The 15 sequences were closely matched with 0.1% K2P genetic divergence.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Parapercis lutevittata sp. nov., ASIZP 0071627, 135 mm SL, male, from Tashi, Ilan County, northeastern Taiwan. (A) Fresh condition; (B) preserved condition in alcohol.

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Parapercis lutevittata based on specimens from Japan (solid circles) and Taiwan, including holotype and paratype (solid triangles); and other specimens (open triangles). One additional record from Nha Trang, Vietnam (solid star, data from Prokofiev, 2008).

FIGURE 4. Comparisons of coloration between (A) Parapercis lutevittata, ASIZP 0071627, holotype, 135 mm SL and (B) P. sexfasciata, ASIZP 0071631, 142.7 mm SL. a- a large dark-brown blotch and several small black dots vs. a big deep-brown or black blotch on base of pectoral fin; b- absence vs. presence of black spots on base of dorsal fin ray membrane; c- yellow dotted strip midlaterally on body vs. yellow dotted lines from lower left running obliquely to upper right; d- presence vs. absence of scattered black dots on and between V-shaped transverse bands along sides of body.