Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) harakbut, Vilarino & Salles & Bispo, 2023

Vilarino, Albane, Salles, Frederico F. & Bispo, Pitágoras C., 2023, Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea) from the Andean foothills: first species of Machairocentron and Xiphocentron described in the Peruvian Amazon, European Journal of Taxonomy 860, pp. 62-80 : 71-73

Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) harakbut sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C5E984AA-0589-4DFA-A8D2-81A962318F8B

Figs 1 , 2B , 3B , 6

Diagnosis

Xiphocentron harakbut sp. nov. is similar to X. piscicaudum Flint, 1996 and X. sclerothrix Pes et al., 2013 by the inferior appendage ornamentation and the presence of a process on the abdominal sternum V. The new species can be differentiated by: a) the shape of tergum IX, which has a very shallow mesal incision on the posterior margin, and a pair of mesolateral distinctly sclerotized lobular areas, as seen in dorsal view ( Fig. 6B ); b) the sternum IX posterior margin, which has a V-shaped shallow mesal incision ( Fig. 6C ), but rectangular in X. piscicaudum and absent in X. sclerothrix ; c) the process of sternum V is narrow and elongate, with a simple and rounded apex ( Fig. 3B ), whereas in X. piscicaudum , the apex is broadly forked and in X. sclerothrix the process is wide and short.

Etymology

Named after the Harakbut people, who live mainly in the departments of Cusco and Madre de Dios, between the Madre de Dios and Inambari rivers. Harakbut is the only member of the language family of the same name, so it is considered an isolated language.

Material examined

Holotype PERU • ♂; 19 rd km W of Cusco, Quincemil, Rio Araza tributary; 13°20′0.00″ S, 70°50′57.00″ W; elev. 874 m; 23–31 Aug. 2012; R.R. Cavichioli, J.A. Rafael, A.P.M. Santos and D.M. Takiya leg.; Malaise trap; MUSM-ENT-0320564 .

Paratypes

PERU • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; MUSM- ENT-0320565 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ 8652 .

Description of male

BODY ( Figs 2B , 3B ). Forewing length 4.6–4.0 mm (n=3). Color overall brown with light brown legs, middle and foreleg with proximal ¼ of tibia pale (in alcohol) ( Fig. 2B ). Maxillary palp segment length formula (I =II=III) <IV<V. Tibial spur formula 2:4:3; spurs unmodified. Venation: forewing forks II and IV present; fork II sessile at discoidal cell; discoidal cell about half of thyridial cell length. Hindwing forks II and V present. Sternum V anterolateral margin bearing elongate sclerotized process, narrow basally, enlarged at apex ( Fig. 3B ).

GENITALIA ( Fig. 6A–E ). Tergum IX, in lateral view, wider basally, narrower apically, about 2 × as long as high ( Fig. 6A ); in dorsal view, with meso-lateral lobular area distinctly sclerotized, anterior margin with deep, wide, concave incision; posterior margin rounded with shallow mesal incision ( Fig. 6B ). Sternum IX, in lateral view, about 1.5 × as long as high, apex truncate; anterior apodeme narrow, straight, tapering to slender flange ( Fig. 6A ); in ventral view, posterior margin with shallow V-shaped mesal incision ( Fig. 6C ). Paraproct, in lateral view, oblong, apically truncate ( Fig. 6A ); in dorsal view, each side fused, with sclerotized band on fusion region; wide basally, tapering apically; divided apicomesally until sclerotized band, with numerous sensillae on semi-membranous apex ( Fig. 6B ). Preanal appendage about 2.5× as long as tergum IX, setose; in lateral view, narrow, bent at basal ⅓, slightly enlarging apically ( Fig. 6A ); in dorsal view, about same width throughout length ( Fig. 6B ). Inferior appendage about 2× as long as tergum IX; coxopodite and harpago completely fused; basal region wide, with several short, weakly sclerotized tubercle-like spines; apical region slender, digitate; in lateral view, about 1.5× length of basal region, inner face with mesal sclerite and numerous long spines, more concentrated at midlength ( Fig. 6A, E ); mesal sclerite polyp-like, densely topped with long spines; in lateral view, about 4 × as long as high, spines concentrated at posterior face and directed posterad ( Fig. 6A, E ). Phallus tubular, very long and slender, reaching segment V; basally conical, subapically annulate, weakly sclerotized; apex enlarged ( Fig. 6D ).

Remarks

The new species is described from the South Brazilian dominion, Yungas Province, and is most similar to X. piscicaudum , known from the Pacific dominion, Venezuelan province and X. sclerothrix known from the Boreal Brazilian dominion, Guianan and Roraima provinces. In addition to the process on sternum V, these species have inferior appendage with long and dense brushlike spines, similar to some species from the Lesser Antilles (e.g., X. albolineatum Flint, 1968 , X. borinquensis Flint, 1964 and X. fuscum Flint, 1968 ), and also very similar to the subgenus Sphagocentron from Mesoamerica.

Figures

Fig. 1. Distribution of species of Xiphocentronidae Ross, 1949 in Western South America. Species of Machairocentron Schmid, 1982 are indicated in white boxes, those of Xiphocentron Brauer, 1870 in black circles and those of Caenocentron Schmid, 1982 in white circles. Tropical rainforests are shown in green.

Fig. 2. Xiphocentronidae spp., adult ♂♂, habitus. A. Machairocentron amahuaca sp. nov., paratype (MUSM). B. Xiphocentron harakbut sp. nov., holotype (MUSM-ENT-03205564). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Abdominal sternum V, ventral, 100 × magnification. A. Machairocentron amahuaca sp. nov. (MUSM). B. Xiphocentron harakbut sp. nov. (MUSM).

Fig. 6. Xiphocentron harakbut sp. nov.,holotype, male genitalia (MUSM-ENT-0320564). A. Lateral view, with detail of paraproct. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view. D. Phallus, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. E. Left inferior appendage, photograph, lateroventral view.