Pseudepipona herrichii (de Saussure, 1856)

Fateryga, Alexander V., 2022, Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia, Zootaxa 5154 (2), pp. 101-126 : 103-104

Key to the species of the Pseudepipona herrichii -group

1. Females............................................................................................ 2

- Males.............................................................................................. 7

2. T1 without three small longitudinal carinae ( Figs 1, 3 , 29, 31, 35, 36 , 57 ); propodeal valvula rounded posteriorly (see Fig. 58 ); clypeus entirely black or with basal whitish or yellow band ( Figs 2, 4 , 30, 32 , 59 ); scutellum with relatively thin apical whitish or yellow band, taking much less than its half ( Figs 1, 3 , 31, 35, 36 , 57 ) or rarely black ( Fig. 29 )...................... 3

- T1 with three small longitudinal carinae ( Figs 40, 42 , 48 , 53 ; see also Figs 17 and 52 in Bai et al. 2021); propodeal valvula bluntly angled or pointed posteriorly (see Fig. 46 ); clypeus mostly yellow or with longitudinal black spot in distal half ( Figs 41, 43 , 49 , 54 ), very rarely extended to whole distal half; scutellum with relatively thick apical yellow or orange band, taking more than its half ( Figs 40, 42 , 48 , 53 )......................................................................... 5

3. Clypeus as wide as long, entirely black ( Fig. 59 ) or with two small basal pale-yellow spots, tegula never reddish ( Fig. 57 )…........................................................................... P. valentinae Fateryga , sp. nov.

- Clypeus 1.05–1.15× as wide as long, often with complete basal whitish or yellow band (Figs, 4, 30, 32), if entirely black ( Fig. 2 ) then tegula reddish ( Fig. 1 )........................................................................... 4

4. Apical bands on scutellum and metanotum of equal thickness ( Figs 1, 3 ); tegula and often band on pronotum in Palaearctic specimens reddish ( Fig. 1 ); propodeum with weak transverse carina forming laterally rather blunt angles................................................................................................... P. aldrichi ( Fox, 1892)

- Apical band on scutellum usually thicker than that on metanotum and somewhat interrupted medially ( Figs 31, 35, 36 ), sometimes band on metanotum reduced or rarely both scutellum and metanotum completely black ( Fig. 29 ); tegula and band on pronotum always whitish or yellow ( Figs 29, 31, 35, 36 ); propodeum with weak transverse carina forming laterally rather right angles...................................................................... P. herrichii (de Saussure, 1856)

5. Clypeus as wide as long, with hardly emarginated apical margin ( Fig. 49 ); T 1 in dorsal view approximately 1.45× as maximal wide as long ( Fig. 48 ); propodeal valvula pointed posteriorly; propodeum with transverse carina well developed at center and forming laterally acute teeth-like projections....................................... P. tingjingliae Fateryga , sp. nov.

- Clypeus 1.15× as wide as long, with distinctly emarginated apical margin ( Figs 41, 43 , 54 ); T 1 in dorsal view approximately 1.55× as maximal wide as long ( Fig. 40, 42 , 53 ); propodeal valvula bluntly angled posteriorly; propodeum with transverse carina weakly developed at center and forming laterally either acute teeth-like projections or rather right angles.......... 6

6. Scutum with two comma-like spots ( Figs 40, 42 ); clypeus with relatively shallowly emarginated apical margin ( Figs 41, 43 ); propodeum with transverse carina forming laterally acute teeth-like projections........... P. kozhevnikovi ( Kostylev, 1927)

- Scutum without two comma-like spots ( Figs 53 ); clypeus with relatively deeply emarginated apical margin ( Figs 54 ); propodeum with transverse carina forming laterally rather right angles......................... P. tricarinata ( Kokujev, 1913)

7. Cuspis lacking dorsal process ( Fig. 22 ); aedeagus without median expansion, evenly narrowed towards apex in dorsal view ( Fig. 23 ); clypeus as wide as long ( Fig. 61 )......................................... P. valentinae Fateryga , sp. nov.

- Cuspis with dorsal process ( Figs 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 ); aedeagus with median expansion between ventral lobes and apex ( Figs 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 ); clypeus 1.05–1.15× as wide as long ( Figs 6 , 34 , 45 , 50 , 56 )....................................... 8

8. Dorsal process of cuspis very broad, much shorter than its width at base ( Fig. 7 ); base of digitus attached directly to top of cuspis apex ( Fig. 7 ); ventral lobe of aedeagus large, in lateral view much larger than median expansion ( Fig. 9 ).............................................................................................. P. aldrichi ( Fox, 1892)

- Dorsal process of cuspis less broad, in most species not shorter than its width at base ( Figs 10, 13, 16, 19 ); base of digitus attached somewhat below cuspis apex so that cuspis apex protruding as free acute spine ( Figs 10, 13, 16, 19 ); ventral lobe of aedeagus various ( Figs 12, 15, 18, 21 )..................................................................... 9

9. Dorsal process of cuspis large and long; free acute part of cuspis apex smaller ( Fig. 10 ); ventral lobe of aedeagus approximately as large as median expansion ( Fig. 12 )............................................. P. herrichii (de Saussure, 1856)

- Dorsal process of cuspis smaller and shorter; free acute part of cuspis apex larger ( Figs 13, 16, 19 ); ventral lobe of aedeagus larger than median expansion ( Figs 15, 18, 21 )............................................................. 10

10. Clypeus approximately 1.05× as wide as long ( Fig. 50 ); ventral lobe of aedeagus broadly rounded ( Fig. 18 )......................................................................................... P. tingjingliae Fateryga , sp. nov.

- Clypeus approximately 1.10× as wide as long ( Fig. 45 , 56 ); ventral lobe of aedeagus rather angled ( Fig. 15, 21 )......... 11

11. Paramere broader, dorsal process of cuspis shorter ( Fig. 13 ); aedeagus in dorsal view broad ( Fig. 14 ).............................................................................................. P. kozhevnikovi ( Kostylev, 1927)

- Paramere narrower, dorsal process of cuspis longer ( Fig. 19 ); aedeagus in dorsal view narrow ( Fig. 20 ).............................................................................................. P. tricarinata ( Kokujev, 1913)

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. Pseudepipona aldrichi (Fox, 1892). 1, 3, 5, habitus in dorsal view (1, 3, ♀; 5, ♂); 2, 4, 6, head in frontal view (2, 4, ♀; 6, ♂). 1, 2, Russia: Altai Republic; 3, 4, USA: Colorado; 5, 6, Russia: Zabaykalskiy Territory. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 29–37. Pseudepipona herrichii (de Saussure, 1856). 29, 31, 33, 35–37, habitus in dorsal view (29, 31, 35, 36, ♀; 33, 37, ♂); 30, 32, 34, head in frontal view (30, 32, ♀; 34, ♂). 29, 30, Morocco (paratype of P. herrichii afromontana Gusenleitner, 1977); 31–36, Russia: Crimea; 37, Azerbaijan. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 57–63. Pseudepipona valentinae Fateryga, sp. nov. 57–60, ♀, holotype (Russia: Amur Province); 61–63, ♂, para- type (Russia:Amur Province). 57, 62, habitus in dorsal view; 58, 63, habitus in lateral view (pv, propodeal valvula); 59, 61, head in frontal view; 60, labels. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 40–45. Pseudepipona kozhevnikovi (Kostylev, 1927). 40, 42, 44, habitus in dorsal view (40, 42, ♀; 44, ♂) (lc, lon- gitudinal carinae of T1); 41, 43, 45, head in frontal view (41, 43, ♀; 45, ♂). 40, 41, 44, 45, Uzbekistan; 42, 43, China: Gansu. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 46–52. Pseudepipona tingjingliae Fateryga, sp. nov. 46–49, ♀, holotype (China: Inner Mongolia); 50–52, ♂, para- type (China: Inner Mongolia). 46, 51, habitus in lateral view (pv, propodeal valvula); 47, labels; 48, 52, habitus in dorsal view (lc, longitudinal carinae of T1); 49, 50, head in frontal view. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 53–56. Pseudepipona tricarinata (Kokujev, 1913). 53, 55, habitus in dorsal view (53, ♀; 55, ♂) (lc, longitudinal carinae of T1); 54, 56, head in frontal view (54, ♀; 56, ♂). 53, 54, 56, Russia: Astrakhan Province; 55, Russia: Kalmykia. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 7–24. Male genitalia of Pseudepipona spp. 7–9, P. aldrichi (Fox, 1892); 10–12, P. herrichii (de Saussure, 1856); 13–15, P. kozhevnikovi (Kostylev, 1927); 16–18, P. tingjingliae Fateryga, sp. nov.; 19–21, P. tricarinata (Kokujev, 1913); 22–24, P. valentinae Fateryga, sp. nov. 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, left paramere and volsella in lateral view from inside (bd, base of digitus; ca, cuspis apex; dp, dorsal process of cuspis); 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, aedeagus in dorsal view (me, median expansion); 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, aedeagus in lateral view (vl, ventral lobe). Scale bar 1 mm.