Dissomphalus, Ashmead, 1893

Colombo, Wesley D., Alencar, Isabel D. C. C., Limeira-De-Oliveira, Francisco & Azevedo, Celso O., 2018, New species and records of Dissomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Cerrado, Caatinga and relicts of the Atlantic Forest from northeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 4462 (1), pp. 1-40 : 4-6

Key to Dissomphalus males of the Cerrado, Caatinga and Northern relicts of the Atlantic Forest , Brazil

1. Tergal process absent ( amplus species-group)............................................................... 2

- Tergal process present ( Figs. 13 , 18, 22 ).................................................................... 3

2. Mandible bidentate; posterior hypopygeal margin straight; aedeagal ventral ramus shorter than dorsal body ( Figs 5–8 ).......................................................................... D. boitata Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Mandible tridentate; posterior hypopygeal margin weakly concave; aedeagal ventral ramus longer than dorsal body ( Figs 9– 11 )................................................................... D. boto Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

3. Tergal process located medially ( Fig. 61 )................................................................... 4

- Tergal process located laterally ( Figs. 13 , 18, 22 )............................................................. 9

4. Tergal process with one pair of conspicuous depressions, transversally elliptical, tubercle present, directed each other (vallensis species-group) ( Fig. 61 )................................................................................ 5

- Tergal process with one pair of conspicuous depressions, never transversally elliptical, tubercle present, never directed each other................................................................................................ 6

5. Parameral apex convex and oblique; aedeagal ventral ramus as long as aedeagal dorsal body; inner lobe of aedeagal dorsal body never setose............................................................... D. bifurcatus Azevedo, 1999

- Parameral apex never convex and oblique; aedeagal ventral ramus shorter than aedeagal dorsal body; inner lobe of aedeagal dorsal body setose ( Figs 60–65 )........................................... D. torem Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

6. Tufts of tergal process linear and horizontal ( linearis species-group)......................... D. linearis Azevedo, 1999

- Tufts of tergal process neither linear nor horizontal........................................................... 7

7. Tergal process with large tubercles; apex of aedeagal dorsal body concave; apex of aedeagal ventral ramus with row of small ventral teeth (longiclypeus species-group)............................................ D. scamatus Azevedo, 1999

- Tergal process without tubercles; apex of aedeagal dorsal body never concave; apex of aedeagal ventral ramus without row of small ventral teeth..................................................................................... 8

8. Tergal process with depression shallow, tufts large; aedeagal dorsal body nearly as long as ventral ramus, apex with two large teeth (apertus species-group)..................................................... D. subpilosus Azevedo, 1999

- Tergal process with depression deep; aedeagal dorsal body much longer than ventral ramus, apex without two large teeth (altivolans species-group)............................................................ D. megomphalus Evans, 1969

9. Aedeagal ventral ramus very longer than dorsal body, tubular, wide, rounded apex, without apical filament (brasiliensis species-group).......................................................... D. tubulatus Redighieri & Azevedo, 2006

- Aedeagal ventral ramus never tubular ( Figs. 15 , 20, 24 )...................................................... 10

10. Aedeagal ventral ramus with apical filament ( microstictus species-group)................... D. microstictus Evans, 1969

- Aedeagal ventral ramus without apical filament ( Figs. 15 , 20, 24 ).............................................. 11

11. Tergal process with callus; volsella with small basal projection ( Figs 80–84 )....................................................................................................... D. matintaperera Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Tergal process without callus; volsella without such projection................................................. 12

12. Tergal process with one pair of conspicuous depressions, tubercle present, pit on top, lateral margin setose ( Figs 71–75 )......................................................................... D. caipora Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Tergal process not as above............................................................................. 13

13. Tergal process with depression deeply excavated, depressions partially covered by flap........................................................................................................ D. ubracus Brito & Azevedo, 2017

- Tergal process not deeply excavated, depressions not covered by flap........................................... 14

- Pits of tergal process never drop-shaped, usually circular..................................................... 15

15. Tuft of tergal process with one distinct long seta ( gilvipes species-group) ( Fig. 27 )................................. 16

- Tuft of tergal process without such seta................................................................... 18

16. Median clypeal lobe duckbill-shaped; gena with one pair spines ( Figs 25–29 )........ D. irupe Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Median clypeal lobe not duckbill-shaped; gena without spines................................................. 17

17. Notauli complete; apex of dorsal body narrowed in lateral view............................... D. gilvipes Evans, 1979

- Notauli incomplete or absent; apex of dorsal body wide in lateral view..................... D. krombeini Azevedo, 1999

18. Depressions of tergal process inclined and linear (rufipalpis species-group)...................... D. infissus Evans, 1969

- Tergal processes without depressions or if present never inclined and linear....................................... 19

19. Depressions of tergal process ovoid, deep and large, about 0.5 × as long as tergite, rim usually setose (bicavatus species-group)................................................................................................... 20

- Depressions of tergal process not as above................................................................. 22

20. Aedeagal basal process without median tooth........................................ D. geniculatus Azevedo, 2001

- Aedeagal basal process with median tooth................................................................ 21

21. Aedeagal basal process wide.................................................... D. lobisserratus Azevedo, 2001

- Aedeagal basal process narrow and sharpened....................................... D. curvilongus Azevedo, 2001

22. Tubercles of tergal process large with high rim and tuft densely setose ( conicus species-group) ( Figs. 13 , 18, 22 )......... 23

- Tubercles of tergal process small........................................................................ 29

23. Basivolsela with thick, conspicuous bristles................................ D. laminaris Redighieri & Azevedo, 2004

- Basivolsela without such bristles....................................................................... 24

24. Outer lobe of aedeagal dorsal body with warts............................. D. verrucosus Redighieri & Azevedo, 2004

- Outer lobe of aedeagal dorsal body without warts.......................................................... 25

25. Aedeagal ventral ramus with apical half translucent, narrow, apex with two horn-shaped expansions................................................................................................... D. cervoides Azevedo, 2003

- Aedeagal ventral ramus without such expansions............................................................ 26

26. Basivolsella with large, wide, rounded expansion directed upward at inner margin; ventral margin of aedeagal ventral ramus with deep median emargination; dorsal margin of outer lobe of aedeagal dorsal body strongly conical in lateral view........................................................................................ D. conicus Azevedo, 2003

- Basivolsella without such expansion; aedeagal ventral ramus without emargination; dorsal margin of outer lobe of aedeagal dorsal body not conical in lateral view.................................................................... 27

27. Parameral apex bifurcated; aedeagal ventral ramus longer than dorsal body, with small basal extension ( Figs 12–16 )........................................................................... D. curupira Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Parameral apex not bifurcated; aedeagal ventral ramus equal or shorter than dorsal body, without basal extension......... 28

28. Mandible with three teeth; parameral apex serrated; aedeagal ventral ramus as long as the dorsal body ( Figs 21–24 )............................................................................... D. saci Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Mandible with two teeth; parameral apex rounded; aedeagal ventral ramus shorter than dorsal body ( Figs 17–20 ).................................................................................. D. iara Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

29. Depression of tergal process with edge without thick and conspicuous bristles (punctatus species-group) ( Figs. 31, 35, 39 )...................................................................................................... 30

- Depression of tergal process with edge with thick and conspicuous bristles....................................... 33

30. Median clypeal lobe trapezoidal; inner margin of basivolsella with large rounded callus.............. D. napo Evans, 1979

- Median clypeal lobe tridentate; inner margin of basivolsella without callus....................................... 31

31. Mandible with two teeth; parameral apex straight ( Figs 38–41 )................ D. jurupari Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Mandible with three teeth; parameral apex rounded.......................................................... 32

32. Posterior hypopygeal margin weakly concave; parameral apex bifurcated in ventral view ( Figs 30–33 )..................................................................................... D. acutipupu Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Posterior hypopygeal margin straight; parameral apex not bifurcated in ventral view ( Figs 34–37 )....... D. cuca Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

33. Tubercles of tergal process slightly directed mesad (tuberculatus species-group)............... D. plaumanni Evans, 1964

- Tubercles of tergal process never directed mesad............................................................ 34

34. Paramere never peanut-shaped or S-shaped (setosus species-group)............................................. 35

- Paramere peanut-shaped or S-shaped ( Figs. 68, 69 ).......................................................... 39

35. Dorsal margin of paramere with apical spine; aedeagal ventral ramus with apical half divided into two long tubular rami.......................................................................... D. magnus Redighieri & Azevedo, 2006

- Dorsal margin of paramere without spine; aedeagal ventral ramus without such rami............................... 36

36. Mandible with four teeth............................................................................... 37

- Mandible with two or three teeth........................................................................ 38

37. Median clypeal lobe trapezoidal, median tooth straight, higher in lateral view; outer lobe of aedeagal dorsal body leaf-shaped ( Figs 47–50 )........................................................ D. capelobo Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Median clypeal lobe tridentate, median tooth rounded, with posterior and lateral sides high and lower anterior and central regions; outer lobe of aedeagal dorsal body never leaf-shaped ( Figs 51–55 )....... D. iracema Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

38. Mandible two teeth; median clypeal lobe undefined; posterior hypopygeal margin concave ( Figs 42–46 ).................................................................................... D. boibumba Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Mandible with three teeth; median clypeal lobe trapezoidal; posterior hypopygeal margin straight ( Figs 56–59 ).............................................................................. D. joaquinae Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov. 39. Median clypeal lobe trilobate; posterior hypopygeal margin weakly concave; paramere peanut-shaped ( Figs 66–70 )............................................................................ D. boiuna Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

- Median clypeal lobe undefined; posterior hypopygeal margin straight; paramere S-shaped ( Figs 76–79 )................................................................................... D. mapinguari Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 5–16. Dissomphalus, ♂. 5–8. D. boitata sp. nov.. 5. Head, dorsal view. 6. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 7. Aedeagus, ventral view. 8. Paramere, anterolateral view. 9–11. D. boto sp. nov.. 9. Head, dorsal view. 10. Genitalia, dorsal view. 11. Genitalia, ventral view. 12–16. D. curupira sp. nov.. 12. Head, dorsal view. 13. Tergal process, dorsal view. 14. Genitalia, dorsal view. 15. Genitalia, ventral view. 16. Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body, dorsal view. Scales-bar: 100 µm.

FIGURES 17–29. Dissomphalus, ♂. 17–20. D. iara sp. nov.. 17. Head, dorsal view. 18. Tergal process, dorsal view. 19. Genitalia, dorsal view. 20. Genitalia, ventral view. 21–24. D. saci sp. nov.. 21. Head, dorsal view. 22. Tergal process, lateral view. 23. Genitalia, dorsal view. 24. Genitalia, ventral view. 25–29. D. irupe sp. nov.. 25. Head, dorsal view. 26. Spine in gena, lateral view. 27. Tergal process, dorsal view. 28. Genitalia, dorsal view. 29. Genitalia, ventral view. Scales-bar: 100 µm.

FIGURES 56–70. Dissomphalus, ♂. 56–59. D. joaquinae sp. nov.. 56. Head, dorsal view. 57. Tergal process, dorsal view. 58. Genitalia, dorsal view. 59. Genitalia, ventral view. 60–65. D. torem sp. nov.. 60. Head, dorsal view. 61. Tergal process, dorsal view. 62. Genitalia, dorsal view. 63. Genitalia, ventral view. 64. Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body, posterior view. 65. Outer lobe of aedeagal dorsal body, lateral view. 66–70. D. boiuna sp. nov.. 66. Head, dorsal view. 67. Tergal process, dorsal view. 68. Genitalia, dorsal view. 69. Genitalia, ventral view. 70. Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body, ventral view. Scales-bar: 100 µm.

FIGURES 71–84. Dissomphalus, ♂. 71–75. D. caipora sp. nov.. 71. Head, dorsal view. 72. Tergal process, dorsal view. 73. Genitalia, dorsal view. 74. Genitalia, ventral view. 75. Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body, dorsal view. 76–79. D. mapinguari sp. nov.. 76. Head, dorsal view. 77. Tergal process, dorsal view. 78. Genitalia, dorsal view. 79. Genitalia, ventral view. 80–84. D. matintaperera sp. nov.. 80. Head, dorsal view. 81. Tergal process, dorsal view. 82. Genitalia, dorsal view. 83. Genitalia, ventral view. 84. Apex of aedeagal ventral ramus, ventral view. Scales-bar: 100 µm.

FIGURES 30–41. Dissomphalus, ♂. 30–33. D. acutipupu sp. nov.. 30. Head, dorsal view. 31. Tergal process, dorsal view. 32. Genitalia, dorsal view. 33. Genitalia, ventral view. 34–37. D. cuca sp. nov.. 34. Head, dorsal view. 35. Tergal process, dorsal view. 36. Genitalia, dorsal view. 37. Genitalia, ventral view. 38–41. D. jurupari sp. nov.. 38. Head, dorsal view. 39. Tergal process, dorsal view. 40. Genitalia, dorsal view. 41. Genitalia, ventral view. Scales-bar: 100 µm.

FIGURES 42–55. Dissomphalus, ♂. 42–46. D. boibumba sp. nov.. 42. Head, dorsal view. 43. Tergal process, dorsal view. 44. Genitalia, dorsal view. 45. Genitalia, ventral view. 46. Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body, dorsal view. 47–50. D. capelobo sp. nov.. 47. Head, dorsal view. 48. Tergal process, dorsal view. 49. Genitalia, dorsal view. 50. Genitalia, ventral view. 51–55. D. iracema sp. nov.. 51. Head, dorsal view. 52. Tergal process, dorsal view. 53. Genitalia, dorsal view. 54. Genitalia, ventral view. 55. Apical lobes of aedeagal dorsal body, dorsal view. Scales-bar: 100 µm.