Pholcus longlin Yao & Li, 2020

Lan, Tianqi, Yao, Zhiyuan, Zheng, Guo & Li, Shuqiang, 2020, Two new species of the spider genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Guizhou and Guangxi, China, Zootaxa 4758 (2), pp. 360-368 : 364-367

Pholcus longlin Yao & Li sp. nov.

Figs 3–4

Type material. Holotype: male (IZCAS-Ar39792), Yumigan Cave (24°38’57.90”N, 104°52’54.00”E, elevation 1549 m), Tianyakou Village , De’e Town , Longlin County, Baise, Guangxi, China, 19 April 2018, Z. Chen and J. Liu leg. Paratype: 1 female (IZCAS-Ar39793), same data as holotype .

Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality, and is a noun in apposition.

Diagnosis. This species resembles P. yongshun Yao & Li, 2018 (see Zhu et al. 2018: 246, figs 8–9) with similar male chelicerae ( Fig. 4D ), uncus ( Fig. 4C ) and epigynum ( Fig. 4A ). However, males can be distinguished by presence on distal procursus of large prolateral apophysis provided with three dorsal ridges (arrow in Fig. 3C and arrows in Fig. 3D ; long, curved membranous process in P. yongshun ) and large, slightly retrolaterally directed dorsal apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 3D ; slightly prolaterally directed in P. yongshun ), and by presence of two angular apophyses subproximally and medially on appendix (arrows in Fig. 4C ; single apophysis medially in P. yongshun ). The females may be distinguished by strongly protruding posterio-medial extension of sclerite of vulval anterior arch (arrow in Fig. 4B ; sclerite slightly curved posterio-medially in P. yongshun ) and by having pair of elliptic vulval pore plates ( Fig. 4B ; pore plates nearly triangular in P. yongshun ).

Description. Male (holotype, IZCAS-Ar39792): Total length 5.34 (5.53 with clypeus), carapace 1.62 long, 1.71 wide, opisthosoma 3.72 long, 1.66 wide. Leg I: 51.69 (12.37 + 0.79 + 12.76 + 23.14 + 2.63), leg II: 33.42 (8.72 + 0.79 + 8.40 + 13.14 + 2.37), leg III: 22.88 (6.35 + 0.70 + 5.51 + 8.92 + 1.40), leg IV: 30.01 (8.27 + 0.71 + 7.44 + 12.05 + 1.54); tibia I L/d: 55. Distance PME-PME 0.58, diameter PME 0.15, distance PME-ALE 0.04, distance AME-AME 0.08, diameter AME 0.06. Sternum wider than long (1.14/0.86). Habitus as in Figs 4 E–F. Carapace yellowish, with brown marks medially; ocular area yellowish, with indistinct brownish stripe medially; clypeus yellowish, with brown marks; sternum brown. Legs yellowish, but whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, with spots dorsally and laterally. Ocular area elevated, each eye triad on top of long laterally directed eye-stalk. Thoracic furrow absent. Chelicerae as in Fig. 4D , with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses, pair of distal apophyses and pair of frontal apophyses. Pedipalps as in Figs 3 A–B; trochanter with short ventral apophysis; femur with small dorsal apophysis proximally (arrow in Fig. 3B ) and distinct ventral protuberance; tibia with projection prolaterally; procursus ( Figs 3 C–D) simple proximally but complex distally, with large prolateral apophysis distally (arrow in Fig. 3C ; provided with three dorsal ridges, arrows in Fig. 3D ) and large dorsal apophysis distally (arrow 1 in Fig. 3D ); uncus with scaly edge ( Fig. 4C ); appendix hooked, with two angular apophyses subproximally and medially (arrows in Fig. 4C ); embolus weakly sclerotized, with some transparent projections distally ( Fig. 4C ). Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia I at 6% proximally; legs with short vertical setae on tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi, without spines and curved setae; tarsus I with 31 distinct pseudosegments.

Female (paratype, IZCAS-Ar39793): Similar to male, habitus as in Figs 4 G–H. Total length 4.37 (4.57 with clypeus), carapace 1.42 long, 1.48 wide, opisthosoma 2.95 long, 1.28 wide; tibia I: 8.08; tibia I L/d: 43. Distance PME-PME 0.26, diameter PME 0.13, distance PME-ALE 0.03, distance AME-AME 0.06, diameter AME 0.05. Ocular area with distinct brown stripe medially. Sternum wider than long (0.99/0.72). Epigynum ( Fig. 4A ) strongly sclerotized, slightly protruding posteriorly, with knob. Vulva ( Fig. 4B ) with anterior arch provided with curved sclerite with strongly protruding posterio-medial extension, pair of elliptic pore plates, and pair of sclerites posterior to pore plates.

Variation: Unknown.

Distribution. China (Guangxi, type locality; Fig. 5 ).

Natural history. The species was found on the wall in the twilight zone (entrance ecotone) of the Yumigan Cave (karst area).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Pholcus longlin sp. nov., holotype male. A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view, arrow points at dorsal apophysis); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrow points at large prolateral apophysis distally; D. Dorsal view, three arrows point at three dorsal ridges, arrow 1 points at large dorsal apophysis distally). a = appendix, b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–B), 0.10 (C–D).

FIGURE 4. Pholcus longlin sp. nov., holotype male (C–F) and paratype female (A–B, G–H). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at strongly protruding sclerite posterio-medially; C. Bulb, prolateral view, arrows point at two angular apophyses subproximally and medially; D. Chelicerae, frontal view; E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). a = appendix, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate, u = uncus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 1.00 (E–H).

FIGURE 5. Distribution records of new Pholcus species from China. 1 Pholcus jingnan sp. nov., 2 Pholcus longlin sp. nov.