Calycomyza malvae (Burgess)

Eiseman, Charles S. & Lonsdale, Owen, 2018, New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species, Zootaxa 4479 (1), pp. 1-156 : 32-33

Calycomyza malvae (Burgess)

( Figs. 111–113 )

Material examined. MASSACHUSETTS: Hampshire Co., Pelham , Quarry St. , 3.vii.2013, em . 13–15.vii.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Malva rotundifolia , #CSE686, CNC751857–751862 (6♂); NORTH CAROLINA: Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University , 17.viii.2015, em . 28.viii–ix.2015, T.S. Feldman, ex Sida rhombifolia , #CSE2119, CNC653958–653965 (5♂ 2♀); 29.vi.2016, em. 14.vii.2016, T.S. Feldman, ex Sida rhombifolia , #CSE2754, CNC659975 (1♀); 14.viii.2017, em. 26–27.viii.2017, T.S. Feldman, ex Centrosema virginianum , #CSE4204, CNC939752–939754 (3♀); 30.viii.2017, em. 15–17.viii.2017, T.S. Feldman, ex Centrosema virginianum , #CSE4268, CNC939758 (1♂); OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., Mehan , 36.014339° N, 96.996744° W, 7.vii.2016, em. by 31.vii.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Senna marilandica , #CSE3047, CNC653983 , CNC653984 (1♂ 1♀) ; Perkins , 21.vi.2015, em. by 4.vii.2015, M.W. Palmer, ex Senna marilandica , #CSE1820, CNC564630 (1♀) ; Perkins , 30.vi.2015, em. by 12.vii.2015, M.W. Palmer, ex Senna marilandica , #CSE1821, CNC564700–564702 (2♂ 1♀) ; TEXAS: Edwards Co., 1.3 miles NW of Campwood , 16.iii.2017, em . 14.iv.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Senna lindheimeriana, #CSE3483, CNC941269 (1♂).

Tentatively identified material. ARIZONA: Pima Co., near Why , 3.xi.2012, em . 2.xii.2012, C.S. Eiseman, ex? Sphaeralcea , #CSE155 (1♀).

Hosts. Fabaceae : * Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth., * Senna lindheimeriana (Scheele) Irwin & Barneby, S. marilandica (L.) Link; Malvaceae : Abutilon theophrasti Medik. , Alcea rosea L., Hibiscus denudatus Benth. , Malva “ rotundifolia ” [ M. neglecta Wallr. or M. pusilla Sm. ], Malvastrum corchorifolium (Desv.) Britton ex Small , M. coromandelianum (L.) Garcke, Sida acuta Burm.f., S. cordifolia L., S. rhombifolia L., S. spinosa L., Sphaeralcea coulteri (S. Watson) A. Gray , Urena lobata L. ( Frick 1956; Stegmaier 1967b; Servín et al. 2013). Although our Centrosema- and Senna -reared specimens represent the first documented instances of Calycomyza malvae feeding on legumes in the Nearctic, Esposito (1991) recorded this species from Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Brazil.

Leaf mine. ( Figs. 111–113 ) As originally described by Burgess (1880), the mine on Malva is entirely linear; at first it is only visible on the lower leaf surface, where it appears greenish; when the larva is somewhat less than half grown, it suddenly switches to the upper surface, where the mine is nearly white. Burgess stated that the frass is in an almost continuous black string along the center and that the larva exits through a slit in the lower epidermis. Spencer (1969) described the mine as greenish-yellow on Alcea . In the mines on Sida illustrated by Stegmaier (1967b), the frass trail is sometimes irregular and diffuse, sometimes in streaks or discrete grains that are occasionally centrally deposited but more often along the sides of the mine. In one of the mines observed in Arizona, there was no discernible frass and patches of the mine were greenish; in another, the mine was largely suffused with brown, with frass forming a distinct, narrow line in a rather small portion. Our Massachusetts mines on Malva were whitish with the frass in Liriomyza -like alternating strips, and in this case the sudden transition from a lower surface mine seems to be the only feature that distinguishes them from Liriomyza mines ( Fig. 111 ). The mines on Fabaceae are likewise whitish with frass in alternating strips, but tend to become blotchy toward the end, with frass in more irregularly scattered grains ( Fig. 112 ). Mines on Centrosema typically begin by following the leaflet midrib distally. Some of the Senna mines are almost entirely on the upper leaf surface, while others are mostly on the lower surface. Our North Carolina mines on Sida from 2015 were whitish to pale green, with frass initially in strips but in scattered grains toward the end. Those collected in 2016 were entirely on the upper leaf surface and the frass was in discrete grains throughout ( Fig. 113 ).

Puparium. Brown; formed outside the mine.

Distribution. USA: AZ ( Frick 1956), CA ( Frick 1956), DC ( Burgess 1880), FL, IN, *MA, MD ( Scheffer et al. 2007), MS, NM ( Frick 1956), NY, *NC, *OK, PA, *TX, WI. Canada: ON; Mexico ( Servín et al. 2013); Argentina; Bahamas; Brazil; Chile; Jamaica; Venezuela ( Martinez & Etienne 2002).

Figures

FIGURES 109–117. leaf mines; 109: Calycomyza humeralis (von Roser) in Erigeron canadensis (transmitted light, puparium at left); 110: C. humeralis in Erigeron sp. (reflected light, puparium at lower right); 111: C. malvae (Burgess) in Malva sp. (reflected light); 112: C. malvae in Senna marilandica (transmitted light); 113: C. malvae in Sida rhombifolia (reflected light); 114: C. menthae Spencer in Monarda didyma; 115: C. michiganensis Steyskal in Hieracium praealtum; 116: C. platyptera (Thomson) in Helianthus annuus; 117: C. promissa (Frick) in Symphyotrichum ascendens.