Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás), Navas

Sosa, Francisco & Freitas, Sergio De, 2011, A new synonym, a new male description and new geographical records for three Ceraeochrysa species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Zootaxa 2913, pp. 47-58 : 51-53

Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás)

Figures 17–29 , 43–48 .

Chrysopa claveri Navás, 1911: 270 .

Chrysopa silvana Navás, 1913: 89 .

Chrysopa deficiens Navás, 1930: 194 , fig. 1.

Cintameva sibirica Navás, 1930: 195 , fig. 2.

Chrysopa haitiensis Smith, 1931: 806 .

Chrysopa adoina Banks, 1945: 151 .

Chrysopa inexpectata Alayo, 1968: 42 , figs. 7c, 15a, 27f.

Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás) : Adams, 1982: 72; Adams & Penny, 1985: 444, figs. 125–134; Freitas & Penny, 2001: 260, fig. 11; Penny, 2002: 21, figs. 171–176.

Diagnosis. Ceraeochrysa claveri is often more yellow-green in coloration than others species of the genus. It is one of two members of the “ cincta group” with black flagellum. It has only a dorsal dark-red line on the scape, distinguishing from C. montoyana , which has two lines, a lateral and a dorsal one. Other members of the “ cincta group” may exhibit a dorsal line on the scape, but those may be distinguished from C. claveri by their pale flagellum.

Description. Head. Frons and gena yellow-green, unmarked; maxillary and labial palpi yellow; vertex goldenyellow; pedicel and scape green with a dorsal red-wine mid-line continuing onto the antennal fossae, flagellum black ( Fig. 17 ). Thorax. Generally yellow-green. Pronotum yellow-green with red-wine stripe laterally ( Figs. 17– 18 ); meso- and metanota often yellow-green unmarked; pleura and legs, green pale. Forewing: longitudinal vein green-pale; crossveins: costal crossvein 3–10; Rs + Ma, radial crossvein 1–9 and gradates black; 2–4 inner and 6–8 outer gradates. Hindwing: longitudinal and crossveins pale green, except for the costal and radial crossveins brown ( Fig. 19 ). Abdomen. Green unmarked. Male characters. Apodeme of tergite 9 + ectoproct with a ventral branch in C-shape which is apically acute ( Fig. 20 ); above apex of 9th sternite with several lines of minute gonocristae. Gonarcus not arched, with a median ventral process digitiform ( Figs. 21 , 46 ); gonocornua vestigial, broadly based, short and acute ( Figs. 21–25 ); lateral arm longer than wide; entoprocessus long, caudally pointed; arcessus triangular in dorsal view, without median plate and spiniform process, apex not trifurcate with apical hook flanked by vestigial lobes ( Figs. 21–22 , 48 ); gonosaccus with a fields of sparse gonosetae ( Figs 25–46 ). Gonapsis long, slender and posteriorly bifurcated ( Fig. 26 ). Female characters. Area between subgenitale and 7th sternite heavy sclerotized; bursa copulatrix with a pair of large glands; subgenitale rounded with two dorsal lateral wide lobes ( Fig. 27 ); spermatheca in U-shape; ventral impression elongate; spermathecal duct with several coils ( Figs. 28–29 ). Male mean measurements (mm), n = 10. Head: width 1.8 (range 1.6–2.0); pronotum: length 0.8 (range 0.8–0.9), width 1.2 (range 1.2–1.3). Forewing: length 14.8 (range 14.0–16.3), width 4.6 (range 4.3–5.2), ratio = 3.2 (range 3.1– 3.3). 2–3 inner and 6–7 outer gradates. Hindwing: length 13.1 (range 12.4–14.3), width 3.8 (range 3.6–4.3), ratio = 3.4 (range 3.3–3.5). 2–3 inner and 6–7 outer gradates. Female mean measurements (mm), n = 10. Head: width 1.8 (range 1.8–1.9); Pronotum: length 1.0 (range 0.9–1.0), width 1.2 (range 1.1–1.3), forewing: length 15.7 (range 14.5–16.6), width 4.9 (range 4.7–5.1), ratio = 3.2 (range 3.1–3.3). 3–4 inner gradates and 7–8 outer gradates. Hindwing: length 13.9 (range 13.5–14.2), width 4.1 (range 4.0–4.2), ratio = 3.4 (range 3.3–3.6). 2 inner and 6–7 outer gradates.

Remarks. Freitas & Penny (2001) and Freitas et al. (2009) made no reference to the presence of gonocornua and neither illustrated them. Adams & Penny (1985) described and illustrated the gonocornua in detail for specimens of the Amazon basin. These structures were observed in all specimens herein studied.

Adams & Penny (1985) and Penny (2002) referred to the presence of two lines in the C. claveri scape, but this characteristic was not observed in any specimens of the Venezuelan and Brazilian populations studied herein (see comparison with C. montoyana below).

Material examined. VENEZUELA: Aragua: Maracay, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Rancho Grande [10º 20’ N, 69o 37’ W, 1100 m], 06.vii.1989, Ali Adral, 13 ( MIZA); Idem, 21.V.1981, J.A. Clavijo & J.L. Garcia, 13 ( MIZA); Barinas: Socopo (8º 14’ N, 70º 49’W, 160 m), 21.vii.2007, F. Sosa, 13, 2Ƥ, on Citrus spp. ( UCOB); Lara: Cabudare, Tarabana (10º 01’ N, 69º 17’ W, 515 m), 27.vii.2007, F. Sosa & J. Torres, 83, 3Ƥ ( UCOB); Barquisimeto, El Pampero (10º 12’ N, 69º 17’ W, 645 m), 14.vii.2007, J. Torres, 33, 8Ƥ ( UCOB); Idem, 24.ii.2008, J. Torres, 13 ( UCOB); Idem, vii.2008, J. Torres, 1Ƥ ( UCOB); Miranda: Tacata (10º 12’ N, 67º 00’ W, 295 m), 08.ii.2008, F. Sosa, 13, on Citrus spp. ( UCOB); Portuguesa: Guanare, Las Matas (10º 09’ N, 68º 20’ W, 175 m), 27.vii.2007, F. Sosa & M. Roa, 4Ƥ, on Citrus spp. ( UCOB); Idem, 12.i.2008, F. Sosa, 13, on Citrus spp. ( UCOB); Ospino, Apropecuaria, El Tolete [9o 16’ N, 69o 27’ W, 174 m], 09.i.2008, F. Sosa, 1Ƥ, on Sesamum indicum L. ( UCOB); Yaracuy: Nirgua (10º09’N 68º33’W, 782 m), 26.ii.2008, F. Sosa, 63, 1Ƥ, on Citrus sinensis (L.) var. valencia ( UCOB); Idem, 19.ii.2008, F. Sosa, F. Díaz & R. Zúñiga, 33, 1Ƥ, on Citrus sinensis (L.) var. valencia ( UCOB); Yumare [10o 37’ N, 68o 39’ W, 65 m, 22.ii.2008, F. Sosa & J. Torres, 23, on C. sinensis ( UCOB); BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, 29.vi.2006, M. S. Gonçalves, 1Ƥ ( SFC); Bahia: Juazeiro, 3.iii.1996, O. Fernandes, 13, on Annona muricata L. ( SFC); Mato Grosso: Itiquira, 7.ix.2009, S. Freitas, 123, 12Ƥ ( SFC); São Paulo: Jaboticabal, 13.i.1995, S. Freitas, 83, 9Ƥ ( SFC); Minas Gerais: Uberaba, 10.x.1988, 13 ( SFC); Pernanbuco: Recife, 16.ii.2006, S. Freitas, 23, 1Ƥ ( SFC).

Geographical distribution. CUBA, HAITI, PUERTO RICO, HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, COSTA RICA, PANAMA, COLOMBIA, TRINIDAD, GUYANA, SURINAM, BRAZIL, and VENEZUELA (new record).

Figures

FIGURES 17 – 18. Ceraeochrysa claveri (Tarabana, Cabudare, Venezuela), head and thorax. 17) Dorsal view; 18) Lateral view. Note pale-yellow coloration and presence of a single dorsal line on scape.

FIGURES 19 – 29. Ceraeochrysa claveri. 19) Wings; 20 – 26) Male genitalia (Cabudare, Tarabana, Venezuela): 20) Tergite 9 + ectoproct; 21) Gonarcus complex, dorsal view; 22) Gonarcus complex dorsocaudal view, note absence of trifurcated apex; 23) Gonarcus, dorsocaudal view showing small gonocornua; 24 – 25) Gonarcus complex, lateral view showing detail of lateral arm, gonarcus, gonocornu and entoprocessus. Fig. 25 showing digitiform process of gonarcus; 26) Gonapsis; 27 – 29) Female genitalia (Nirgua, Yaracuy, Venezuela): 27) Subgenitale; 28 – 29) ‘ U’ - shaped spermatheca, see coiled spermathecal duct and expanded on top of spermatheca. ar = arcessus; ap = apodeme; ent = entoprocessus; cc = callus cerci; dp = digitiform process; gst = gonosetae; go = gonarcus; gco = gonocornu; la = lateral arm of gonarcus; sd = spermathecal duct; vbr = apodeme ventral branch.

FIGURES 43 – 54. Comparison of Ceraeochrysa claveri and C. montoyana. 43 – 48) Ceraeochrysa claveri; 49 – 54) Ceraeochrysa montoyana. Notes: wings, sternite 9 + ectoproct and gonapsis are very similar and not useful in distinguishing the two species. The gonarcus shape and arsessus are very useful to separate both species. The narrow gonarcus and prominent gonocornua in C. montoyana contrast with wider gonarcus and small gonocornua in C. claveri. The arcessus is clearly trifurcate in C. montoyana and not in C. claveri. ar = arcessus; ap = apodeme; dp = digitiform process; ent = entoprocessus; gco = gonocornu; ig = inner gradates; im = intramedian cell; la = lateral arm; l. lb = lateral lobe; mu = mediuncus; og = outer gradates; vbr = apodeme ventral branch.