Dendrocellus geniculatus (Klug)

Liang, Hongbin & Kavanaugh, David H., 2007, Review of the Genus Dendrocellus Schmidt-Göbel (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Dryptini), with Descriptions of Seven New Species, The Coleopterists Bulletin (Oxford, England) 61 (1), pp. 1-39 : 1-39

Dendrocellus geniculatus (Klug)

( Figs. 8–9 , 26 , 40 , 44 , 47, 49 , 52, 55 , 64 , 87–88 )

Drypta geniculata Klug 1834: 52 ( India)

Dendrocellus geniculatus Klug, Schmidt-Göbel 1846: 25

Desera (Dendrocellus) gilsoni Dupuis 1912: 319 ( China: Taiwan), new synonymy Desera gilsoni continentalis Hansen 1967: 405 ( Laos) , new synonymy

Specimens examined. Total 180 specimens: Bangladesh: 1 female ( ZMHU), ‘‘Chota Nagpore, Bengal’’/‘‘ Ex Museo, H. Bates 1892’’/‘‘67777’’. Bhutan: 1 female ( ISNB), ‘‘ Coll. I. R. Sc. N. B. Inde, British Bootang, Maria Basti, 1900 ex coll. Oberthur’ ’; 1 male ( ISNB), ‘‘ Coll. I. R. Sc. N. B. Inde Pandang Bouthan, ex coll. R. Oberthür’’. China: 1 female ( ISNB), ‘‘ Desera gilsoni Dupuis’ ’/‘‘ Dupuis det. ’’/

20 ‘‘Takao Formosa, Sauter XI-07’’/‘‘Type’’ [red label], ‘‘W. Hansen vid., 1966, Desera gilsoni Dup. ’’; 1 male and 1 female (ISNB), ‘‘ Desera gilsoni Dup., P. Dupuis det. 1913’’/‘‘Type’’/‘‘Formosa, Polisha, X.09, H. Sauter S. G.’’/ ‘‘Paraype’’/‘‘W. Hansen vid., 1966, Desera gilsoni Dup. ’’; 1 female (ISNB), ‘‘ Desera gilsoni Dup., P. Dupuis det. 1913’’/‘‘Formosa, Hoozan, I.10, H. Sauter S. G.’’/‘‘Paratype’’/‘‘W. Hansen vid., 1966, Desera gilsoni Dupuis’’; 1 female (ISNB), ‘‘ Desera gilsoni Dup., P. Dupuis det. 1913’’/‘‘Formosa, Hoozan, XII.09, H. Sauter S. G.’’/‘‘Paratype’’/‘‘W. Hansen vid., 1966, Desera gilsoni Dupuis’’; 1 male (ZMHU), ‘‘China’’/‘‘ Dendrocellus geniculatus Klug , det. Ing. Jedlicka’’; 1 female (ZMHU), ‘‘S. Formosa, Fuhosho, 4.09, H. Sauter S. V.’’; 1 female (ZMHU), ‘‘Formosa, Hoozan, 1.10, H. Sauter S. G.’’; 1 female (ZMHU), ‘‘Formosa, Hoozan, XII.09, H. Sauter S. G.’’; 1 male (ZMHU), ‘‘Formosa, Polisha, X-09, H. Sauter S. G.’’; 1 female (ZMHU), ‘‘Formosa, Hoozan, I.10, H. Sauter S. G’’; 1 male (CAS), ‘‘Chung Kon, Hainan Id, VII-22-35’’/‘‘L. Gressitt Collector’’/‘‘L. Gressitt Collection’’; 1 male (CAS), ‘‘Dwa Bi, Hainan Id, VII-22-35’’/‘‘L. Gressitt Collector’’/‘‘L. Gressitt Collection’’; 1 male (CAS), ‘‘Kuraru, VI-14-34, Formosa’’/‘‘L. Gressitt Collector’’/‘‘L. Gressitt Collection’’; 1 female (CAS), ‘‘Rokki, Formosa, V-17-34’’/‘‘L. Gressitt collector’’/‘‘L. Gressitt Collection’’; 1 female (CAS), ‘‘Rokki, Formosa, V-15-34’’/‘‘L. Gressitt collector’’/‘‘Van Dyke Collection’’; 1 male, ‘‘Hainan, Baoting, 80 m’’, 1960.V.14, Suofu Li collector’’; 1 male, ‘‘Hainan, Baoting, 80 m’’/‘‘ 1960.VII.25, Xuezhong Zhang collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Hainan, Tongshi, 340 m’’/‘‘ 1960.VIII.5 ’’, Suofu Li collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Hainan, Qiongzhong, 400 m’’/‘‘ 1960.VII.15 ’’, Suofu Li collector’’; 1 male, ‘‘Hainan, Jianfengling, 70 m’’/‘‘ 1980.III.26, light trap, Fuji Pu collector’’; 1 male, ‘‘Fujian, Jiangle, Longqishan, 500 m’’/‘‘ 1991.VIII.13, Shimei Song collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Fujian, Jiangyang, Huangkeng, 270–360 m’’/‘‘ 1960.III.26, Yiran Zhang collector’’; 1 male, ‘‘Fujian, Jianyang, Tongyou, 170 m’’/‘‘1978, Shixiong Shen collector’’; 1 male, ‘‘Fujian, Fuzhou’’/‘‘Light trap, 1979.VIII.12 ’’; 1 male, ‘‘Shanghai, Jiangwan, 6.8.1942 ’’; 1 female, ‘‘Zi-ka-wei, 19.5.20’’ [Shanghai]; 1 male, ‘‘Guangxi, Jinxiu, Shengtangshan, 900 m, 1999.V.17, Fusheng Huang collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Napo, Defu, 1,350 m, 2000.VI.18, Wenzhu Li collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Napo, Defu, 1,350 m, 2000.VI.18, Chaodong Zhu collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Napo, Defu, 1,350 m, 2000.VI.19, Jian Yao collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Tianlin, Yaojiawan, 1,200 –1,400 m, 2002.VI.1, Xiujuan Yang collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Tianlin, Laoshan Nongchang, 1,200 –1,600 m, 2002.VI.4, Xiujuan Yang collector’’; 2 males and 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Jinxiu County’’/‘‘Light trap, 1983.V.30-31, Subai Liao collector’’; 1 male, ‘‘Guangxi, Longshen’’/‘‘ 1980.VI.16 ’’; 1 male, ‘‘Guangxi, Longshen’’/ ‘‘ 1980.VI.16, Shimei Song collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Longshen, 300 m’’/ ‘‘ 1963.V.23, Wang Chunguang collector’’, 2 males and 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Guilin, Yanshan, 200 m, light trap’’/‘‘ 1963.V.12-13, Wang Chunguang collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Guilin, Yanshan, 1952.10.3 ’’; 1 female, ‘‘Guangxi, Guilin, Yanshan, 1953.6.5 ’’; 1 male, ‘‘Guangxi, Guilin, Yanshan, 1953.8.18 ’’; 1 male, ‘‘China, Jiangxi, Longnan, Jiulianshan’’/‘‘ 1975.VI.8, light trap, Youwei Zhang collector’’; 1 male, ‘‘Jiangsi, Dayu, Lannijing, Sanjiangkou, 400 m’’/ ‘‘ 1985.VIII.11, Subai Liao collector’’; 3 males, ‘‘Guizhou, Chishui, Jinsha, 500 m’’/‘‘ 2000.IX.21-22, Liang H.B.’’; 2 females, ‘‘Guizhou, Luodian’’/‘‘1980.VI- VII’’; 1 male, ‘‘Guangdong, Shenzhen, 1980.5, Shaohua Du collector’’; 1 male and 1 female, ‘‘Guangdong, Shipai, 1964.5, Shoujian Chen collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Yunjinghong, 650 m’’/‘‘ 1958.VII.13, Xuwu Meng collector’’; 1 male, ‘‘Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Damenglong, 650 m’’/ ‘‘ 1958.VII.17, Yiran Zhang collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘China, Yunnan, Fugong, Shangpa, Guquan, roadside, 26.88897 ° N, 98.86558 ° E’ ’/‘‘ 1,230 m, 2004.4.21, Liang H.B., Li X.Y. coll., California Academy & IOZ, Chinese Acad. Sci.’’; 1 female, ‘‘China, Yunnan, Fugong, Lumadeng, Yaping, Yaping Bridge’’/ ‘‘ 2004.4.30 day, Guangxu Peng coll., Institute of Zool., CAS and California Acad. Sciences’’. 1 female, ‘‘China, Yunnan, Gongshan, Cikai, Dashaba, along Nujiang, 27.73268 ° N, 98.67099 ° E’ ’, 1,435 m, 2004.11.10, night, Hongbin Liang collector, California Academy & IOZ, Chinese Acad. Sci.’’; 1 female, ‘‘Sichuan, Beibei, 15.10.1940 ’’; 21 males and 8 females, ‘‘Tibet, Mêdog, 1,000 –1,100 m’’/ ‘‘ 1983.I.23, Zai Lin collector’’; 1 male and 3 females, ‘‘Tibet, Mêdog, 800 m’’/ ‘‘ 1983.II.7, Zai Lin collector’’; 2 females, ‘‘Tibet, Mêdog, 820 m’’/‘‘ 1982.II.2, Yinheng Han collector’’; 1 female, ‘‘Tibet, Mêdog, Baibung, 850 m’’/‘‘ 1983.III.7, Yinheng Han collector’’. India: 1 female (ZMHU), ‘‘Ind. Ori. Sal.’’/‘‘ geniculata Kl. ’’/‘‘Hist.-Coll. ( Coleoptera ), Nr. 709, Drypta geniculata Klug , India Orient., Salinger, Zool. Mus. Berlin’’/‘‘ Holotypus, Drypta geniculata Klug 1834 , Labeled by MNHUB 2004’’[red label]; 1 male (ZMHU), ‘‘S. India, Karikal, Pondicherry State, Febr. 1966, P. S. N.’’; 1 female (ISNB), ‘‘Pedong’’/‘‘Pedong (Desgodins), ‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. Malaisie? ’’[India]; 1 male (ISNB), ‘‘Pedon, A. Desgodins’’/ ‘‘Pedong’’/‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. Malaisie? ’’ [India]. Indonesia: 1 male (ZMHU), ‘‘Batoe Doelang, Batoe Lanteh, Zeb. 800–1,200 m, Bensch 10-15.5.27’’; 1 female (ZMHU), ‘‘ Sumatra, Dryrolle’’/‘‘40538’’; 1 female (ZMHU), ‘‘W. Sumatra ’’/ ‘‘No. 18, VII 1991 ’’; 3 males (ISNB), ‘‘Jadraboera, Sumatra W.C., E. Wegas’’/ ‘‘Collection E. Rousseau’’/‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. Sumatra’’; 1 male and 1 female (ISNB), ‘‘Sumatra’’/‘‘Collection P. Dupuis’’/‘‘ Desera ’’/‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. Sumatra’’; 1 female (ISNB), ‘‘ Java, Koller’’/‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. Java’’; 1 male (ISNB), ‘‘Sumatra’’/‘‘Coll. Ogier de Baulny’’/‘‘6,180’’/‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. Sumatra’’. Malaysia: 1 female (ZMHU), ‘‘ Malacca, Tengah Gebirge, P. Zobris V.’’; 1 male (ISNB), ‘‘ D. geniculatus Malacca (DL)Kl.’’/‘‘Soc. Ent. Belg. Coll. Putzeys’’/‘‘Coll. R. Sc. N. B. Malaisie’’. Pakistan: 3 males and 8 females (CAS), ‘‘Pakistan, Ichamati 28 mi E. Chittagong, IX-14-61, 50 ft’’/‘‘Collectors E. S. Ross, D. Q. Cavagnaro’’. Philippines: 1 male (ISNB), ‘‘Ile Basilan, Philippines’’/ ‘‘R. Mus. Illist. Nat. Belg. I. G. 12.595’’/‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. Philippines’’; 1 male (CAS), ‘‘Mt. Makiling, Laguna P.I., I-1-1931 ’’/‘‘F.C. Hadden Collection’’; 1 male (CAS), ‘‘Mt. Makiling, Laguna P.I., VIII-9-1931 ’’/‘‘V. Madrid collector’’/‘‘F.C. Hadden Collection’’; 1 female (CAS), ‘‘Mt. Makiling, Laguna P.I., VIII-1-1931 ’’/ ‘‘F.C. Hadden Collection’’/‘‘Elevation 3,000 ft’’; 1 female (CMNH), ‘‘Philippines: Mt. Baco, Mindoro, Sept 1987 ’’/‘‘ Desera geniculata Klug’’; 1 male (CAS), ‘‘San Jose, Mindoro P. I., 1945, E. S. Ross’’. Sikkim: 1 male (ZMHU), ‘‘Himalaya Sikkim’’/‘‘ Desera geniculata Klug, H. E. Andrewes’’; 12 males and 9 females (ZMHU), ‘‘Himalaya Sikkim, Coll. Hauser’’. Thailand: 1 female (CMNH), ‘‘Thailand: Chiang Mai Prov., San Sai, 6–8 May 1986 ’’; 1 male and 2 females (ZMHU), ‘‘Thailand, Wang Takrai-Park, Nakhon Nayok Prov. ’’/‘‘4- 7.9.1978 ’’, gekätschert, leg. H. J. Bremer’’; 1 female (ZMHU), ‘‘Nordost-Thailand, Khon Kaen ad Iucem’’/‘‘Dr. Sastri, Saowakontha leg. 2.9.1980 ’’; 1 male (CAS), ‘‘Thailand, Chonburi, February, 1982, G. A. Shook, coll.’’. Vietnam: 6 males and 4 females (ZMHU), ‘‘Annam, Phuc-Son, Nov. Dez. H. Fruhstorfer’’; 1 female (ISNB), ‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B.’’/‘‘Tonkin Hoabinh (North Vietnam), Ex coll. Oberthur, IG. 18.293’’; 1 female (ISNB), ‘‘Annam Cua Thung’’/‘‘R. I. Sc. N. B. 21042’’/‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. North Vietnam’’; 1 female (ISNB), ‘‘Annam Phuison’’/‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. North Vietnam’’; 1 male and 2 females (ISNB), ‘‘Annam Phuc-Son Nov. Dez, H. Fruhstorfer’’/‘‘Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B North 22 Vietnam’’; 1 male (CAS), ‘‘ Quang Nam Province, Kim Lien, Republic of Vietnam, Bruce W. Miller, VII.26.1968’’/‘‘D.H. Kavanaugh Collection’’; 1 male, ‘‘Tonkin, Hoa-Binh, III.1937, leg A. de Cooman’’; 1 male, ‘‘Tonkin, Hoa-Binh, leg A. de Cooman’’.

Description. Length 8.0– 10.2 mm, width 2.4–3.0 mm. Black with green or blue luster, often mixed with coppery luster; Ant 1 with apical third dark brown, Ant 3 with basal two-thirds slightly darker than apical third; femora yellow, with apical sixth or seventh blackish brown; tibiae yellow. Head wider than pronotum, HW/ PW 5 1.24 (1.18–1.31); Ant 1/Ant3 5 3.63 (3.46–3.76); labrum ( Fig. 26 ) with medial lobe slightly protruded anteriorly; genae short, tumid; eyes large, about 2.6 times as long as genae. Pronotum widest at middle, slightly narrowed anteriorly, PL/PW 5 1.51 (1.45–1.63). Elytra with lateral margins slightly widened posteriad to apical third, then narrowed gradually to outer apical angles in female ( Fig. 8 ), nearly parallel in male; EL/EW 5 1.82 (1.69–1.89), EW/PW 5 2.29 (2.10–2.47); outer angles obtuse or slightly dentate ( Fig. 40 ), punctation of intervals as in Fig. 44 . Protarsomere 3 slightly asymmetrical in male ( Fig. 52 ); length of the longest tarsal claw pectinations slightly shorter than width of claw base ( Fig. 64 ). Last sternum as in Fig. 47 or 49. Aedeagus with apical lamella narrow, digitiform, apex thickened ( Figs. 87–88 ).

Distribution. Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam.

Remarks. We compared the types of Dendrocellus gilsoni (Dupuis) with that of D. geniculatus (Klug) and no significant difference was found. Hansen (1967: 405) described D. gilsoni continentalis from Laos, stating that it differs from the nominate subspecies in having a shorter testaceous portion of Ant 1 at base, longer black portion of femora at apex, and more convex elytral intervals. We examined many specimens with these features from China, Vietnam, Thailand, and Philippines, and no significant difference was found except for the femora black at apical fifth and Ant 1 brown at apical two-fifths. In our opinion, these are just variant forms of D. geniculatus (Klug) . Moreover, Hansen (1967: 401) stated D. geniculatus (Klug) has short tarsal claw pectinations. Actually, D. geniculatus (Klug) has long and fine tarsal claw pectinations ( Fig. 64 ).

D. geniculatus (Klug) is widely distributed in southeastern Asia, from India east to Japan and south to Java. Its members can be recognized by the following combination of character states: small size (usually less than 10 mm), large ratio of Ant 1/Ant 3 (3.46–3.76), elytra often with coppery luster, elytral outer angles obtuse or slightly dentate, tarsal claw pectinations fine and long, lamella of aedeagus very narrow and thickened at apex. Adults of several species (i.e., D. coelestinus , D. confusus , D. crassus ; see ‘‘Specimens examined’’ for each species) often have been wrongly determined as D. geniculatus (Klug) .

Figures

Figs. 1–12. Habitus of Dendrocellus species. 1) D. australis (male, Congo); 2) D. coelestinus (syntype); 3) D. coelestinus (type of D. paralellus); 4) D. confusus (male, Thailand); 5) D. crassus (male, Borneo); 6) D. elegans (male, New Guinea); 7) D. rugicollis (lectotype); 8) D. geniculatus (holotype); 9) D. geniculatus (holotype of D. gilsoni); 10) D. gestroi (lectotype); 11) D. inexpectus (holotype); 12) D. javanus (holotype). Scale line 5 2.0 mm.

Figs. 25–30. Labrum of Dendrocellus species. 25) D. australis (male, Congo); 26) D. geniculatus (male, Tibet); 27) D. sinicus (holotype); 28) D. coelestinus (syntype); 29) D. rugicollis (lectotype, India); 30) D. confusus (male, Thailand). Scale line 5 0.5 mm.

Figs. 35–43. Left elytron apex of Dendrocellus species. 35) D. kulti (male, Yunnan); 36) D. nepalensis (male, Pedong, India); 37) D. rugicollis (lectotype, India); 38) D. micropectinatus (holotype); 39) D. australis (male, Congo); 40) D. geniculatus (male, Tibet); 41) D. sinicus (holotype); 42) D. elegans (male, New Guinea); 43) D. unidentatus (male, Java). Scale line 5 1.0 mm.

Figs. 44–46. Elytral punctation of Dendrocellus species. 44) D. geniculatus (male, Tibet);

Figs. 47–50. Apical margin of terminal sternum of Dendrocellus species. 47) and 49) D. geniculatus (Tibet); 48) and 50) D. crassus (Borneo); 47 and 48 5 males; 49 and 50 5 females. Scale line 5 1.0 mm.

Figs. 51–56. Tarsomeres 1–4 of right protarsus of Dendrocellus species (dorsal view). 51) and 54) D. viridipennis (Congo); 52) and 55) D. geniculatus (Tibet); 53) and 56) D. crassus (Borneo); 51 to 53 5 males; 54 to 56 5 females. Scale line 5 1.0 mm.

Figs. 57–72. Tarsal claws of hind tarsi of Dendrocellus species and Drypta species. 57) D. rugicollis (lectotype); 58) D. elegans (male, New Guinea); 59) D. schultzei (lectotype); 60) D. sinicus (holotype); 61) D. inexpectus (holotype); 62) D. javanus (male, Java Occid., paratype); 63) D. nigripennis (holotype); 64) D. geniculatus (male, Tibet); 65) D. australis (male, Congo); 66) D. queenslandicus (holotype); 67) D. confusus (male, Thailand); 68) D. nepalensis (male, Pedong, India); 69) D. coelestinus (syntype); 70) D. micropectinatus (male paratype, Congo); 71) Drypta longicollis Macleay 1825 (male, Thailand); 72) Drypta lineola virgata Chaudoir 1850 (male, Vietnam). Scale line 5 0.1 mm.

Figs. 73–90. Male genitalia of Dendrocellus species. 73) and 74) D. confusus (Thailand); 75) and 76) D. rugicollis (lectotype); 77) and 78) D. coelestinus (Thailand); 79) and 80) D. nepalensis (Pedong, India); 81) and 82) D. kulti (Hubei, China); 83) and 84) D. crassus (Borneo); 85) and 86) D. nigripennis (holotype); 87) and 88) D. geniculatus (Pedong, India); 89) and 90) D. javanus (holotype). Scale lines 5 1.0 mm, scale line A for Figs. 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 (apical part, dorsal view); scale line B for Figs. 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90 (left lateral view).