Scatophila cribrata (Stenhammar)

Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz & Mathis, Wayne N., 2024, Revision of the Nearctic Species of the Shore-Fly Genus Scatophila Becker (Diptera: Ephydridae), Zootaxa 5487 (1), pp. 1-100 : 76-80

20. Scatophila cribrata (Stenhammar)

Figs. 158 , 177–183

Ephydra (Ephydra) cribrata Stenhammar 1844: 269 .

Scatella cribrata .— Loew 1860: 42 [generic combination].

Scatophila cribrata .— Becker 1896: 240 [generic combination]; 1905: 213 [Palearctic catalog]; 1926: 88 [review].— Cresson 1930: 129 [review].— Sturtevant and Wheeler 1954: 190 [review].— Dahl 1959: 128–129 [review].— Wirth 1965: 758 [ Nearctic catalog].— Papp 1975b: 124 [key].— Canzoneri and Meneghini 1983: 77 [review].— Cogan 1984: 169 [Palearctic catalog].— Zatwarnicki 1987: 291 [checklist].— Zatwarnicki and Mathis 1994: 365 [phylogeny, quadriguttata group].— Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 282 [world catalog].

Ephydra striata Walker 1849: 1107 .— Zatwarnicki and Mathis 1994: 367 [synonymy].

Scatophila striata .— Sturtevant 1923: 11 [generic combination, synonymy with Ephydra despecta Haliday ].

Diagnosis.—This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Generally dark colored but with varied gray areas; small shore flies, body length 1.50–195 mm.

Head ( Figs. 178–179 ): Mesofrons and fronto-orbital plate brown to grayish brown; parafrons charcoal black. Face of ♂ normally developed, transversely arched, not conspicuously projected at ventral margin; face mostly gray but with bases of some lateral setulae brown, giving speckled appearance. Gena moderately short, subequal to height of basal flagellomere; gena-to-eye ratio 0.15–0.20.

Thorax ( Figs. 168 , 177 ): Mesonotum ( Fig. 177 ) mostly brown with some grayish stripes along setal tracks; a presutural pair of dorsocentral setae present; scutum mostly brown but with narrow, linear gray areas adjacent to brown, acrostichal and dorsocentral areas, often with thin, linear medial gray stripe posteriorly. Wing ( Fig. 158 ) generally infuscate and with conspicuous spots; cell r 1 lacking spots; cell r 4 with spots large and distinct. Halter brownish black; costal vein ratio 0.27–0.32; M 1 vein ratio 0.64–0.81. Legs mostly dark brown to black; male midfemur lacking row of spine-like setulae along posteroventral margin.

Abdomen ( Figs. 180–182 ): Generally blackish brown to grayish black with faint gray areas posterolaterally; tergite 5 of male mostly grayish black to black. Male terminalia: ( Figs. 180–182 ): Epandrium in posterior view ( Fig. 180 ) with dorsal margin moderately rounded, dorsolateral margins flared shallowly laterally to shallow, widely obtusely elbowed lateral margin, ventral margin distinctly emarginate, moderately deeply and widely V-shaped, epandrial width about 0.60 height; height of cercal opening about 1/3 overall epandrial height, epandrial setulae of equal size, sparse medially and along lateral margins, those along ventral margin slightly longer and more numerous; cerci in posterior view ( Fig. 180 ) semihemispherical, acutely pointed dorsally; aedeagus in lateral view ( Fig. 182 ) robustly obtusely angulate basally, generally forming irregular rectangle, posterior portion broadly and shallowly rounded and with short pointed, digitiform process at posterodorsal angle, in ventral view ( Fig. 181 ) narrowly ovate, wider anteriorly than posteriorly, tapered toward posterior apex; ventral aedeagal process conspicuously C-shaped; phallapodeme in lateral view ( Fig. 182 ) elongate, narrow, angulate at dorsal third, length of dorsal portion (toward base of aedeagus) about half length of ventral portion, ventral portion elongate and linear, tapered to narrowed apex, in ventral view ( Fig. 181 ) T-shaped, basal crossbar about 1/3 length of narrow medial process, crossbar distinctly tapered; postgonite in lateral view ( Fig. 182 ) V-shaped, with dorsal extension somewhat narrowly rectangular but with nipple-like bifurcate process at posterodorsal angle, bearing setulae, ventral extension narrow, parallel sided, shallowly curved, elongate, in ventral view ( Fig. 181 ) with posterior extensions narrowly rod-like, recurved medially, and with tiny, nipple-like apex; neohypandrium in lateral view ( Fig. 182 ) narrow, sinuous, elongate, parallel-sided along length.

Type Material.—The lectotype female of Ephydra cribrata (Stenhammar) , herein designated, directly pinned, has no labels. We attached the following label to the lectotype: “ LECTOTYPE ♂ Ephydra cribrata Stenhammar designated by Zatwarnicki & Mathis.” [red]. The lectotype is in good condition, is directly pinned, and is deposited in UUZM. The paralectotype female is labeled: “ E. cribrata St. [enhammar] ♂. a Stenh.[ammar; = by Stenhammar; handwritten]/MZLU-DIPT 000 67428 [“67428” handwritten]/ PARALECTOTYPE ♂ Ephydra cribrata Stenhammar designated by Zatwarnicki & Mathis ” preserved in MZLU. The paralectotype is in moderate condition, without head and left wing, and is directly pinned.

The lectotype female of Ephydra striata Walker , herein designated, is labeled “Type [round label with green submargin]/Huds. Bay [round label; “47 V.” on reverse of round label]/ Ephydra striata Walk [“One of Walkers series so named. EAW” on reverse]/Hudson’s Bay. St. Martin’s Falls. George Barnston. B. M. 1844—17/SYN-TYPE [round label with yellow margin]/ LECTOTYPE ♀ Ephydra striata Walker designated by Zatwarnicki & Mathis NHMUK [red].” A second female, herein designated as a paralectotype, is labeled “ Ephydra striata Walk. [“One of Walkers series so named. EAW” on reverse]/Hudson’s Bay. St. Martin’s Falls. George Barnston. B. M. 1844 - 17.”, “SYN-TYPE” [round label with yellow submargin]. The lectotype and paralectotype are double mounted and are deposited in the NHMUK.

Other Specimens Examined.— CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Nelson (49°29.6'N, 117°17.1'W), 17 Jul 1910 , A. L. Melander (1♀; USNM). Terrace (54°31.1'N, 128°36.2'W), 1–7 Apr 1933 , M. E. Hippisley (1♂, 1♀; USNM) .

MANITOBA. Aweme (49°35.9'N, 99°42.4'W), 12 Oct 1915, N. Criddle (1♀; USNM) .

NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Mackenzie Delta, Fort Norman (65°54'N, 125°35’W, 8 Jul 1940, (2♂; USNM).

ONTARIO. Conniston (46°29'N, 80°51'W), Jul 1915. H. S. Parish (1♀; USNM) .

GREENLAND. Ritenbenck (70°55'N, 51°18'W), Lundbeck (1♂, 1♀; USNM) .

UNITED STATES. ALASKA. Anchorage: Anchorage (61°13.1'N, 149°54'W), 15 Jun 1921 , J. M. Aldrich (1♀; USNM); Mirror Lake (61°25.7'N, 149°24.9'W), 29 Jun 2006 , D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Bethel ( Census Area ): Bethel (60°47.5'N, 161°45.3'W), 25 Sep 1917 , A. H. Twitchell (1♀; USNM). Kenai Peninsula: Kenai National Wildlife Refuge , Nikolai Creek (0.4 km SW, 3.2 km E Kolomin Lake (60°07.4'N, 150°58.9'W), 20 Jun 2006 , A. Wu (1♀; KNWR). Matanuska-Susitna: Matanuska Valley (61°36.5'N, 149°04.7'W; emergence traps), 24 May–30 Jun 1944 , 1945, J. C. Chamberlin (3♂, 5♀; UAM, USNM); Matanuska (61°32.5'N, 149°13.8'W; rotary trap), 27 Apr–6 Jun 1944 , J. C. Chamberlin (43♂, 50♀; USNM). Nome ( Census Area ): Nome , Anvil City Square (64°30'N, 165°24.6'W), 2 Aug 2012 , D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Snake River (11 km NW Nome; 64°33.9'N, 165°30.6'W), 2 Aug 2012 , D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM). Yukon-Koyukuk ( Census Area ): Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge, Minnkokut (66°33.1'N, 151°40.9'W; Malaise trap), 14–15 Jun 2005 , L. Saperstein (2♂, 3♀; UAM) .

CALIFORNIA. Mariposa: Yosemite (37°51.9'N, 119°32.3'W), 10 Jun 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM) . IDAHO. Latah: Moscow Mountain (46°48.2'N, 116°52.1'W), 6–7 Jul 1912, 1912, A. L. Melander (1♂, 1♀;

USNM).

MICHIGAN. Saginaw: Saginaw (43°35.9'N, 83°57'W), C. W Sabrosky (1♂; USNM) .

OREGON. Deschutes: Sisters (24 km S; 44°17.5'N, 121°33'W), 10 Jul 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM) .

WASHINGTON. Asotin: Clarkston (46°25'N, 117°02.7'W), 8 Mar 1908 (1♀; USNM) . Chelan: Cashmere (47°31.3'N, 120°28.2'W), 29 May 1917, A. L. Melander (1♀; USNM) . Okanagan: Okanagan (48°33'N, 119°45'W), 20 May 1924, A. L. Melander (1♀; USNM) . San Juan: Orcas Island, above Mountain Lake (48°39.5'N, 122°48.9'W), 18 Aug 1925, A. L. Melander (1♂, 2♀; USNM) . Whitman: Pullman (46°43.9'N, 117°10.8'W), 15 Jul 1917, A. L. Melander (1♀; USNM) .

Type Locality.— Sweden. (“Uplandia ad Holmiam et in Ostrogothia ad Häradshammar”).

Distribution ( Fig. 183 ).— Nearctic : Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario), Greenland, United States (Alaska, California, Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, Washington). Palearctic: Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands; Poland, Russia (European Territory), Sweden, Ukraine.

Remarks.—This species is placed in the quadriguttata group.

Figures

FIGURE 183. Distribution map of Scatophila cribrata (Stenhammar) (circles), and S. hirsuta Sturtevant & Wheeler in Nearctic Region (squares).

FIGURES 156–158. Head, thorax and wing of Scatophila. 156 Scatophila bipiliaris Sturtevant & Wheeler, head and thorax, dorsal view. 157–158. Wing, dorsal view. 157. S. conifera Sturtevant & Wheeler. 158. S. cribrata (Stenhammar). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 175–179. Head and thorax of Scatophila. 175–177. Head and thorax, dorsal view. 175. Scatophila bisignata Cresson. 176. S. conifera Sturtevant & Wheeler. 177. S. cribrata (Stenhammar). 178–179. Head of Scatophila cribrata (Stenhammar). 178. Latero-oblique view. 179. Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 180–182. Male terminalia of Scatophila cribrata (Stenhammar). 180. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 181. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 182. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 168–171. Head of Scatophila conifera Sturtevant & Wheeler. 168. Male, latero-oblique view. 169. Male, lateral view. 170. Female, latero-oblique view. 171. Female, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.