Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862

Valdés, Ángel, 2008, Deep-sea “ cephalaspidean ” heterobranchs (Gastropoda) from the tropical southwest Pacific, Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196, pp. 587-792 : 669-674

Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862

Figs 38, 39, 40A, 41

Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862: 156 .

Synonym:

Scaphander multistriata Brazier, 1878: 84 .

TYPE MATERIAL. — S. japonicus : the presumed type material in the Redpath Museum , Montreal, Canada . — S. multistriata : not examined.

TYPE LOCALITY. — S. japonicus: Mino-Sima [= Mishima], Japan, 115 m . — S. multistriata: Darnley Island , Torres Strait, Australia, 55 m.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippines. MUSORSTOM 3: stn CP m, 1 dd; stn DW150 , 19°07’S, 163°22’E, 110 m, 1 dd; stn DW 88 , 14°01’N, 120°17’E, 183-187 m, 1 dd; stn DR 102, 14°01’N, 151, 19°07’S, 163°22’E, 200 m, 9 dd .

120°18’E, 192 m, 1 dd ( Fig. 38A); stn DR 140, 11°43’N, 122°34’E, New Caledonia proper. VAUBAN: stn 40, 22°30’S, 166°24’E, 93-99 m, 1 dd. 250-350 m, 8 dd . — BIOCAL: stn DW 33 , 23°10’S, 167°10’E, Indonesia. KARUBAR:stn DW 15 , Kai Islands , 05°17‘S, 132°41‘E, 675-680 m, 2 dd; stn DW 42 , 22°46’S, 167°13’E, 380 m, 1 212-221 m, 2 dd; stn DW 28 , 05°31‘S, 132°54‘E, 448-467 m, 1 dd; stn DW 43 , 22°46’S, 167°15’E, 400 m, 3 dd; stn DW 77 , dd; stn DW 29 , 05°36‘S, 132°56‘E, 181-184 m, 3 dd, stn DW 32 , 22°15’S, 167°15’E, 440 m, 1 dd . — MUSORSTOM 4: stn DW 05°47‘S, 132°51‘E, 170-206 m, 2 dd; stn DW 49 , Tanimbar Is- 226, 22°47’S, 167°22’E, 390 m, 3 dd; stn DW 227 , 22°46’S, lands, 08°00‘S, 132°59‘E, 206-210 m, 2 dd; stn CP 86, 09°26‘S, 167°20’E, 300 m, 1 dd; stn CC 246 , 22°08’S, 167°11’E, 410- 131°13‘E, 223-225 m, 1 dd. 420 m, 1 lv . — SIMB 5 : stn DW 81 , 22°38’S, 167°35’E, 110 m, 2 Coral Sea. MUSORSTOM 5: stn 346, Chesterfield Islands , dd; stn DW 82 , 22°32’S, 167°32’E, 155 m, 1 dd . — LAGON: stn 19°40’S, 158°27’E, 245-252 m, 1 dd; stn 347, 19°39’S, 158°28’E, 190, Baie de St Vincent , 22°02’S, 165°57’E, 135-150 m, 1 dd; stn 260 m, 2 dd. 370, Grand Récif Sud, 22°38’S, 167°06’E, 127 m, 3 dd; stn 830, North of New Caledonia. LAGON:stn 502, Lagon Nord, 19°08’S, Secteur de Poindimié, 20°49’S, 165°19’E, 105-110 m, 14 dd; stn 163°30’E, 190 m, 1 dd; stn 538, 19°07’S, 163°21’E, 195 m, 3 835, 20°47’S, 165°17’E, 135-150 m, 1 dd; stn 858, Grand Récif dd; stn 1148, Secteur de Belep, 19°07’S, 163°30’E, 220 m, 1 dd. Mengalia, 20°37’S, 165°07’E, 220 m, 1 dd . — BATHUS 1 : stn DW — BATHUS 4 : stn DW 898 , Passe de Poum , 20°17’S, 163°50’E, 640, Passe du Kouakoué , 21°52’S, 166°48’E, 174 m, 2 dd ( Figs 500-600 m, 1 dd; stn DW 899 , 20°17’S, 163°50’E, 500-600 m, 1 38C, F); stn DW 653 , Passe de Canala , 21°17’S, 165°57’E, 190- dd; stn DW 902 , Grand Passage, 19°01’S, 163°15’E, 341-351 m, 207 m, 11 dd; stn DW 656 , 21°13’S, 165°54’E, 452-460 m, 3 lv; 5 dd — PALEO-SURPRISE: stn DW 1391 , 18°30’S, 163°03’E, 365 stn DW 666 , Passe de Cap baye, 20°57’S, 165°34’E, 105-110 m, m, 2 dd . — MUSORSTOM 4: stn DW 149 , 19°08’S, 163°23’E, 155 1 dd; stn CP 668, 20°57’S, 165°35’E, 205-219 m, 1 dd; stn DW

683, Passe de Hienghu , 20°35’S, 165°07’E, 380-400 m, 3 dd; stn 178°41’W, 400-401 m, 1 lv; stn CP 1441, 17°10’S, 178°42’W, DW 685 , 20°35’S, 165°07’E, 244 m, 1 dd, stn DW 686 , 20°35’S, 306-320 m; 1 dd; stn CP 1446, 17°11’S, 178°42’W, 350-367 165°07’E, 250 m, 1 dd; stn DW 687 , 20°35’S, 165°07’E, 408- m, 1 lv; stn CP 1451, 16°45’S, 79°59.5’E, 400-460 m, 1 dd 440 m, 2 dd; stn DW 688 , 20°33’S, 165°00’E, 270-282 m, 8 dd; ( Fig. 38E); stn DW 1463 , 18°10’S, 178°44’W, 300-400 m, 3 stn DW 689 , 20°33’S, 165°00’E, 260-265 m, 2 dd; stn DW 691 , dd; stn CP 1464, 18°09’S, 178°38’W, 285-300 m, 3 dd; stn Passe de Hienghène , 20°35’S, 164°59’E, 227-250 m, 5 dd; stn CP 1465, 18°09’S, 178°39’W, 290-300 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1492 , DE 700, Passe de Cap Baye, 20°57’S, 165°35’E, 160-222 m, 97 18°43’S, 178°23’W, 430-450 m, 1 dd; stn CP 1493, 18°43’S, dd; stn DE 705, 21°02’S, 165°38’E, 350-400 m, 5 dd; stn DW 178°24’W, 429-440 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1494 , 18°55’S, 178°29’W, 706, Passe S.E. de Ngoe, 21°42’S, 166°34’E, 247-252 m, 10 dd 240-319 m, 18 dd; stn CP 1495, 18°53’S, 178°30’W, 420-445 (Figs 38G, 39A); stn CP 712, 21°44’S, 166°35’E, 210 m, 2 dd. m, 2 dd; stn CP 1496, 18°43’S, 178°23’W, 392-407 m, 1 lv; — BATHUS 2 : stn CP 714, Ile des Pins, 22°38’S, 167°10’E, 124 stn DW 1498 , 18°41’S, 178°28’W, 300-307 m, 9 dd; stn CP m, 1 dd; stn CP 715, 22°39’S, 167°11’E, 202-227 m, 1 dd; stn 1499, 18°40’S, 178°27’W, 389-400 m, 1 dd (Fig. 38B); stn CP DW 717 , 22°44’S, 167°17’E, 350-393 m, 10 dd; stn DW 724 , 1503 , 18°12’S, 178°35’W, 430 m, 6 dd; stn CP 1504, 18°13’S, 22°48’S, 167°26’E, 344-358 m, 4 dd; stn DW 733 , Passe de 178°34’W, 427-440 m, 13 dd, 7 lv (Figs 39B, 39D, 40A); stn CP Kouaré, 22°55’S, 166°49’E, 520 m, 1 dd; stn DW 749 , Passe 1506, 18°09’S, 178°37’W, 294-300 m, 1 lv . — MUSORSTOM de Boulari , 22°33’S, 166°26’E, 233-258 m, 1 dd; stn DW 758 , 10 : stn DW 1333 , Bligh Water, 16°51’S, 178°13’E, 200-215 m, Passe de Dumbéa, 22°18’S, 166°11’E, 377-386 m, 1 dd; stn CP 59 dd; stn DW 1334 , 16°51’S, 178°14’E, 251-257 m, 51 dd; 760, 22°19’S, 166°11’E, 455 m, 4 dd (Figs 39C, E); stn CP 761, stn DW 1339 , 17°00’S, 177°36’E, 235-252 m, 10 dd; stn CP 22°19’S, 166°11’E, 490-500 m, 1 dd . — BATHUS 4 : stn DW 885 , 1349 , SE of Viti Levu, 17°31’S, 178°39’E, 244-252 m, 2 dd; stn Passe de St Vincent , 22°05’S, 165°58’E, 250-300 m, 1 dd; stn CP 1350, 17°33’S, 178°38’E, 198-200 m, 3 dd; stn DW 1352 , DW 887 , Passe de Duroc, 21°07’S, 164°28’E, 320-344 m, 1 dd; 17°31’S, 178°39’E, 241-245 m, 5 dd; stn DW 1356 , 17°50’S, stn DW 947 , 20°34’S, 164°58’E, 470-490 m, 1 dd . — ca. 22°40’S- 178°48’E, 203-208 m, 20 dd; stn CP 1357, 17°49’S, 178°47’E, 50’S, 167°10’E- 30’E, 200-350 m, 7, leg. Tirard, 13 dd 81-110 m, 2 dd, 1 lv; stn DW 1359 , 17°50’S, 178°48’E, 183- Loyalty Ridge. BATHUS 3 : stn DW 790 , 23°49’S, 169°48’E, 685- 188 m, 27 dd; stn CP 1363, 18°12’S, 178°33’E, 144-150 m, 4 715 m, 1 dd . — BIOCAL: stn DW 08 , 20°34’S, 166°54’E, 435 m, 2 dd; stn DW 1365 , 18°12’S, 178°32’E, 295-302 m, 4 dd; stn dd; stn DW 104 , 21°31’S, 166°21’E, 375-450 m, 1 dd . — BIOGEO- CP 1366, 18°12’S, 178°33’E, 149-168 m, 2 dd, stn CP 1369, CAL: stn DW 253 , 21°32’S, 166°29’E, 310-315 m, 7 dd . — MU- 18°11’S, 178°23’E, 392-433 m, 1 dd; stn CP 1381, S of Viti SORSTOM 6: stn DW 393 , 20°48’S, 167°10’E, 420 m, 1 dd; stn Levu , 18°18’S, 177°54’E, 275-430 m, 1 dd (Fig. 38D); stn DW DW 423 , 20°26’S, 166°41’E, 280 m, 1 dd; stn DW 442 , 20°54’S, 1374, 18°19’S, 178°06’E, 259-348 m, 4 dd; stn DW 1384 , SE of 167°17’E, 200 m, 3 dd; stn DW 461 , 21°06’S, 167°26’E, 240 m, Viti Levu, 18°19’S, 178°06’E, 260-305 m, 4 dd; stn DW 1388 , 1 dd; stn DW 444 , 20°54’S, 167°18’E, 300 m, 1 dd; stn DW 446 , 18°19’S, 178°02’E, 313-446 m, 2 dd .

20°54’S, 167°19’E, 300 m, 1 dd; stn DW 449, 20°54’S, 167°18’E, Wallis and Futuna. MUSORSTOM 7: stn DW 496, Futuna 300 m, 2 dd; stn DW 453, 21°00’S, 167°27’E, 250 m, 2 dd Island, 14°20’S, 178°04’W, 250-330 m, 2 dd; stn DW 499, Loyalty Islands. Lifou. LIFOU 2000: stn DW 1649, Baie du San- 14°20’S, 178°05’W, 290-395 m, 2 dd; stn DW 504, 14°20’S, tal, Point Lefèvre [= Nem], 20°54.2’S, 167°01.1’E, 150-200 m, 178°04’W, 300-390 m, 1 dd; stn DW 512, 14°13’S, 178°10’W, 6 dd. 210-245 m, 5 dd, stn DW 513, 14°13’S, 178°11’W, 260-300 m, Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8: stn DW 964, 20°20’S, 169°49’E, 2 dd; stn DW 527, Wallis Island, 13°24’S, 176°15’W, 540-560 360-408 m, 1 dd; stn DW 984, 19°20’S, 169°26’E, 480-544 m, m, 1 dd; stn DW 601, 13°19’S, 176°17’W, 350 m, 3 dd; stn DW 1 dd; stn DW 976, 19°25’S, 169°27’E, 160-182 m, 9 dd; stn DW 604, 13°21’S, 176°08’W, 415-420 m, 2 dd.

978, 19°23’S, 169°27’E, 408-413 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1058, 16°12’S, Tonga. BORDAU 2: stn DW 1509, Tongatapu, 21°05’S, 167°21’E, 319 m, 4 dd; stn DW 1059, 16°13’S, 167°21’E, 408- 175°22’W, 456-510 m, 5 dd; stn DW 1510, 21°05’S, 175°23’W, 430 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1060, 16°14’S, 167°21’E, 375-397 m, 2 461-497 m, 2 dd; stn DW 1520, Eua 21°25’S, 175°03’W, 447-450 dd; stn DW 1061, 16°15’S, 167°20’E, 458-512 m, 2 dd; stn DW m, 1 dd; stn DW 1543, SW of Tongatapu, 21°16’S, 175°18’W, 1065, 16°16’S, 167°21’E, 360-419 m, 7 dd; stn DW 1070, 15°37’S, 427-436 m, 4 dd, stn DW 1548, S of Nomuka Islands, 20°38’S, 167°16’E, 184-190 m, 11 dd; stn DW 1086, 15°37’S, 167°16’E, 175°03’W, 476-478 m, 2 dd; stn DW 1549, 20°38’S, 175°00’W, 182-215 m, 4 dd; stn DW 1100, 15°05’S, 167°10’E, 258-265 m, 2 500 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1554, 20°38’S, 174°58’W, 482-498 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1101, 15°04’S, 167°08’E, 205-210 m, 19 dd; stn DW dd; stn DW 1567, NW of Tongatapu Islands, 21°02’S, 175°19’W, 1105, 15°03’S, 167°07’E, 154-179 m, 4 dd; stn CP 1131, 15°38’S, 351-356 m, 2 dd; stn DW 1569, 21°02’S, 175°19’W, 433 m, 2 167°04’E, 140-175 m, 1 dd; stn CP 1136, 15°41’S, 167°02’E, 398- dd; stn DW 1570, 21°02’S, 175°19’W, 533-578 m, 1 dd; stn DW 400 m, 1 lv; stn CP 1137, 15°42’S, 167°03’E, 360-371 m, 1 dd. 1571, N of Ha’apai Islands, 19°42’S, 174°32’W, 389-418 m, 6 Fiji. BORDAU 1: stn CP 1421, 17°08’S, 178°59’W, 403-406 m, dd; stn DW 1585, Vava‘u Islands, 18°33’S, 173°57’W, 578 m, 2 17 dd; stn DW 1423, 17°08’S, 178°59’W, 402-410 m, 11 dd; stn dd; stn DW 1595, N of Ha’apai Islands, 19°03’S, 174°19’W, 523- DW 1425, 17°17’S, 179°01’W, 400-416 m, 3 dd; stn CP 1426, 806 m, 2 dd; stn DW 1601, centre of Ha‘apai Islands, 20°50’S, 17°15’S, 179°02’W, 330-367 m, 2 dd; stn CP 1434, 17°11’S, 174°57’W, 200-487 m, 11 dd.

FIG. 38. Shell morphology of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams,1862 . A, (14 mm),ventral view, Philippines,MUSORSTOM 3 stn DR 102; B, (11 mm), ventral view, Fiji, BORDAU 1 stn DW 1499; C, (14 mm), ventral view, New Caledonia, BATHUS 1 stn DW 640; D, (12 mm), ventral view, Fiji, MUSORSTOM 10 stn DW 1381; E, (11 mm), ventral view, Fiji, BORDAU 1 stn DW 1451; F, (14 mm), posterior view, New Caledonia, BATHUS 1 stn DW 640; G, juvenile shell, (2 mm), posterior view, New Caledonia, BATHUS 1 stn DW 706.

FIG. 39. Shell sculpture, gizzard plates and radula of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862 . A, shell sculpture, New Caledonia, BATHUS 1 stn DW 706, scale bar = 50 Μm; B, radula, Fiji, BORDAU 1 CP 1504, scale bar = 200 Μm; C, radula, New Caledonia, BATHUS 2 stn CP 760, scale bar = 100 Μm; D, gizzard plate, Fiji, BORDAU 1 stn CP 1504, scale bar = 2 mm; E, gizzard plate, New Caledonia, BATHUS 2 stn CP 760, scale bar = 2 mm.

DISTRIBUTION. — Originally described from Mino-Sima [= Mishima], Japan, in 115 m. Reported from Japan and the China Seas , in 50-300 m (Hori 2000b). Records herein from the Philippines, Indonesia, the Coral Sea, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga and Wallis and Futuna (Fig. 41), in 99-685 m, live in 110-452 m.

DESCRIPTION. — Shell morphology. Length 14 mm, width 7 mm (largest specimen examined). Shell solid, wider anteriorly and narrower posteriorly (Fig. 38). Location of the widest region of the shell varies among specimens, in some it is near the anterior end (Figs 38A, B) and in others near the centre (Figs 38C-E). Only 1 whorl visible, forming nearly the entire shell, except for a small visible portion of the top of the spire, which surrounds a deep apical hole (Fig. 38F). Juvenile specimens (Fig. 39G) are more regularly oval than adults. Apex rounded or slightly pointed, deeply umbilicate, with the aperture lip rising from the left side, forming a short wing. Anterior end of the shell rounded. Aperture as long as the shell, wider anteriorly and narrower posteriorly. Columellar margin thickened, with no callus. Sculpture of a number of punctuated spiral grooves (Fig. 39A). The punctuations are small, elongate and fused to the next one within each groove. The grooves are separated by gaps much wider than the grooves themselves, and occasionally narrower grooves are intercalated. Colour uniform whitish with a variable pattern of brown stripes and lines in some specimens.

Anatomy. The digestive system contains 3 smooth gizzard plates, of which 2 are large and oval (Figs 39D, E), whereas the third is elongate. The radular formula is 21 x 1.0. 1 in a specimen from Fiji (BORDAU 1 stn CP 1504) and 18 x 1.0. 1 in a specimen from New Caledonia (BATHUS 2 stn CP 760). The lateral teeth are hook-shaped with no denticles (Figs 39B, C).

The reproductive system is monaulic (Fig.

FIG. 41. Collection localities of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862 in the southwest Pacific.

from Darnley Island, Torres Strait, Australia, in 55 m. No illustrations were provided, but the description of the shell is similar to that of S. japonicus . Scaphander multistriata is here regarded as a synonym of S. japonicus .

The material here examined, collected from the Philippines, Indonesia, the Coral Sea, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga and Wallis and Futuna agrees with the illustrations and descriptions of the Japanese specimens and they clearly belong to the same species. The anatomy is similar to other species of Scaphander and there is no reason to include it in a different genus.

Scaphander japonicus is clearly distinguishable from other Indo-Pacific species of the genus by its small size and conical shell shape. Anatomically it is characterized by having hook-shaped radular teeth with no denticles.